Dental Materials Journal 2016; 35(2): 233–240

Mechanical resistance evaluation of a novel anatomical short glass fiber

reinforced post in artificial endodontically treated premolar under rotational/
lateral fracture fatigue testing
Hsuan-Wen WANG1, Yen-Hsiang CHANG2 and Chun-Li LIN1

1
Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
2
Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Ding-Hu Road, Kuei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
Corresponding author, Chun-Li LIN; E-mail: cllin2@ym.edu.tw

This study develops a novel anatomical short glass fiber reinforced (anatomical SGFR) post and evaluates the mechanical performance
in artificial endodontically treated premolars. An anatomical SGFR fiber post with an oval shape and slot/notch designs was
manufactured using an injection-molding machine. The three-point bending test and crown/core restorations using the anatomical
SGFR and commercial cylindrical fiber posts under fatigue test were executed to understand the mechanical resistances. The results
showed that static and dynamic rotational resistance were found significantly higher in the anatomical SGFR fiber post than in the
commercial post. The endurance limitations at 1.2×106 cycles were 66.81 and 64.77 N for the anatomical SGFR and commercial fiber
posts, respectively. The anatomical SGFR fiber post presented acceptable value of flexural strength and modulus, better fit adaption
in the root canal resist torque more efficiency but was not a key issue in the lateral fracture resistance in an endodontically treated
premolar.

Keywords: Endodontically treated tooth, Fiber post, Flexural strength, Rotational resistance, Fatigue

However, another study implied that oval posts do

INTRODUCTION
The increasing popularity and widespread use of fiber
posts is inevitably changing the endodontically treated
tooth reconstruction procedure1). The major advantage
of fiber posts is their similar elastic modulus to dentine,
producing a stress field similar to that of natural teeth.
Metal posts exhibit high stress concentrations at the
post-dentine interface2). Clinical studies have reported
that using a fiber post could reduce the incidence of
root fractures and the most common cause of failure
becomes debonding3-9). Debonding is more likely to occur
in the absence of the desirable “ferrule effect”, or in the
presence of an excessively thick layer of cement because
there is a high prevalence of oval shaped canals in human
dentition, even in the apical region10-12). Canals are
prepared to preserve the morphology as far as possible
to receive a post to adapt to the root canal anatomy as
produced by endodontic treatment.
In recent years translucent and radiopaque fiber
posts have been achieved. However, the evolution of
fiber post shapes are only include a double cylinder
designed for retention purposes, cylindrical (Endopost)
and simplified oval (conical) profiles (DT posts), based on
the good performances of the new bonding procedures13).
A controversy still remains as to whether anatomical
posts adapt better than circular posts to the oval
canal morphology. Some studies pointed out that the
resin cement thickness was significantly lower in the
anatomical post group than in the control standardized
posts with good anatomical posts adaptation evident1).
Color figures can be viewed in the online issue, which is avail-
able at J-STAGE.
Received Jul 5, 2015: Accepted Oct 20, 2015
doi:10.4012/dmj.2015-199 JOI JST.JSTAGE/dmj/2015-199
not adapt better than circular posts to the oval canal
morphology14).
Today’s fiber posts usually contain a high volume
of continuous (long) reinforced glass fibers embedded in
a polymer matrix, which keeps the fibers together and
extruded through a preformed cast to form cylindrical/
oval (conical) profiles14). Anatomical post using short
glass fibers reinforced with different cross-sections and
slot/grooves enhance retentions can be manufactured
by using precise injection molding. However, the
inherent mechanical behaviors of the flexural strength
and flexural modulus components for this low volume
percentage of short glass fiber reinforced posts are
warranted. Simulating the failure process of post/core/
crown restorations to receive the repetitive (fatigue) and
the multi-vectorial nature of inter-oral (rotational and
lateral loads) forces must be evaluated.
The objective of this study was therefore to develop
a novel anatomical post containing short glass fiber
reinforced (anatomical SGFR) with slot/notch retention
designs manufactured using precise injection molding.
The novel anatomical SGFR fiber post is evaluated and
compared to commercial cylindrical continuous fiber
post of flexural strength/flexural modulus using the
three-point bending test and rotational/lateral fracture
resistance on crown/core restorations in artificial acrylic
teeth under static/fatigue tests.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Anatomical SGFR fiber post design and manufacture
The total length of this post is 17 mm included contained
234 Dent Mater J 2016; 35(2): 233–240
tip (6 mm), middle (6 mm) and coronal (5 mm) regions.
Corresponding three cross-sections in the fiber post were
designed in circular shape (radius: r1 is 1.0 mm) at the
tip region to fit well with the tooth root apical, circular-
oval shape (radius from r1 changed to r2, r2 is 1.6 mm)
at the middle region and oval shape (major axis: a=2r2;
minor axis: b=r2) at the coronal region to fit well the
tooth anatomical oval shape. Surface slots with 0.25 mm
radius surrounding the post and four transverse notches
with 0.7 mm pitch were designed to increase the contact
areas between the post and cement to enhance the post,
cement and core retention (Fig. 1(a)).
The anatomical SGFR fiber post material
“GRIVORY GVX-7H natural” (EMS-CHEMIE Holding
AG, Herrliberg, Switzerland) was supplied as in
granulate based on semi-crystalline polyamides and the
SGFR fiber post was manufactured using an injection-
molding machine (Polypax, Green Point Enterprise,
Taichung, Taiwan). Granulated of thermoplastic plastic
(GVX-7H) was fed from a hopper into the injection
molding machine with 270ºC polymer and was forced
under high pressure (150 bar) into a mold cavity
through an opening valve. The molding was warmed
before injecting and the plastic was injected quickly to
prevent it from hardening (speed 0.77 s, 56 bar, 270ºC)
and pressure was maintained for a short time (0.5 s,
50 bar) to prevent the material creeping during setting
(hardening). The mold was equipped with a cooling
system providing controlled cooling and solidification
of the material (cooling time 20 s). The polymer was
held in the mold until solidification and then the mold
opens to complete SGFR post prototyping. The density
of anatomical SGFR post material “GRIVORY GVX-
7H natural” (EMS-CHEMIE Holding AG) is 1.85 g/cm3
(a)
Fig. 1 (a) Schematic of an anatomical SGFR fiber post design contained three different cross-sections (circular/circular-
oval/oval) and combined slot/notch retention designs. (b) Schematics of anatomical SGFR and commercial fiber post
inserted in an endodontically treated premolar.
and supplied as in granulate based on semi-crystalline
polyamides. It is a 70% glass-fiber reinforced engineering
thermoplastic material with 0.8–1.0 mm length based
on a combination of semi-crystalline polyamide matrix
with partially aromatic copolyamide. The volume of
one anatomical SGFR post is 24.56 mm3 calculated
from CAD package and its corresponding mass is 6.7e-
3 g measured by electronic balance (Shimadzu TX223L,
SHIMADZU, Kyoto, Japan). Therefore, the fiber volume
of this material is 6.7e-3 g*70%/(1.85*10-3)=2.535 mm3.
Comparison of detailed information of a laboratory fiber
post and commercial fiber post were indicated in Table
1 and the sectional photographs of a laboratory fiber
post was showed in Fig. 1(a). The profile comparison
between our new novel anatomical SGFR fiber post and
the commercial X-Post is shown in Fig. 1(b).
Mechanical three-point bending test of posts
The three-point bending test was used according to the
ISO 10477 standard to measure the flexural strength
and modulus of our anatomical SGFR and X-Post. The
SGFR-post was placed on the jig horizontal (span length
was 10 mm) and aligned the middle of the post with the
tip of the load device. The load was applied on the post
till the fracture occur and recorded the fracture position.
The cross-sectional area of all posts were oval shape
and the calculating formula was modified to obtain the
Flexural strength (δf) and flexural modulus (Ef). Flexural
strength (δf) and flexural modulus (Ef) were calculated
from the following formulas15):
8Fmax l 4Sl3
Circular-shaped cylinder: δf = Ef =
πd3 3πd4
(b)
 Dent Mater J 2016; 35(2): 233–240 235

Table 1 Comparison of detailed information of a laboratory fiber post and commercial fiber post

Fiber volume / Density Type of glass fiber Length of fiber Composition of the matrix

Semi-crystalline Polyamide
0.8–1.0 mm
SGFR-Post 70%(w/w) / 1.85 g/cm3 E-Glass Fiber with partially aromatic
(Short fiber)
copolyamide (70%)

X-Post Radix Zirconium-enriched 200 mm

76.2%(w/w)* Epoxy resin (40%)31)
Fiber Post glass fiber (60%)31) (Long fiber)

*Custom test by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) & TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis) technique from Plastic
Industry Development Center, Taichung, Taiwan.

8Fmax l 4Sl3 Static and cyclic rotational resistance tests

Oval-shaped cylinder: δf = Ef =
π2ab 3πa3b
where Fmax is the applied load (N) at the highest point of
load-deflection curve, l is the span length (10.0 mm), d
is the diameter of the circular specimen. The formulas
for oval-shaped cylinder were derivation from circular-
shaped cylinder, where a and b are lengths of major and
minor axis in the oval specimen. S (stiffness) =F/D; the
stiffness (N/m) and D is the deflection corresponding
to load F at a point in the straight line portion of the
trace.
Artificial endodontically treated premolar preparation
In order to reduce the variation for a large amount of
natural teeth, a freshly extracted intact maxillary upper
second premolar was scanned with micro-CT (Skyscan,
Aartselaar, Belgium) to generate solid CAD program
models (ProEngineer Wildfire 5, Parametric Technology,
Needham, MA, USA). The dimension of the remaining
dentin was defined to 15 mm in total length, containing
a ferrule design 2.5 mm in height, 1.5 mm in width and
1.3 mm diameter with a root canal 3 mm in height (Fig.
1(b)). The solid dentin model can be milled to duplicate
the artificial acrylic dentin (Regular Transparent-
BX-001, NAN-YA Plastic, Taipei, Taiwan) (Fig. 1(b))
and was embedded from the root to 1.5 mm below
the CEJ into a simplified bone block with epoxy resin
material containing an inner socket cut from the dentin
outer profile.
The artificial tooth was cleaned using an ultrasonic
system and then washed in water for 30 s. The total
length of our anatomical SGFR and commercial fiber
posts (X-Post Radix Fiber Post No. 1, Dentsply Maillefer,
Ballaigues, Switzerland) was 13 mm and inserted into
the root canal according to clinical treatment procedures.
A preformed milled aluminum crown (butterfly-shaped)
and composite core (Core-x-flow, Dentsply Maillefer)
were then luted using RelyX U200 cement (3M ESPE,
Seefeld, Germany). Fifty-two samples were prepared
and separated into two groups, 16 and 36 samples were
arranged for the following rotational static/dynamic and
lateral static/fatigue resistance tests, respectively.
Sixteen butterfly-shaped crown sampled were randomly
arranged into two groups, anatomical SGFR fiber post
and X-Post for the rotational resistance tests using the
SE MODEL 2205NS (SE Test systems, Taiwan) torque
testing machine. The sample was clamped at the XY
plate upon the machine and the crown portion aligned
to a custom load device with a reverse butterfly-shaped
mount to perform the rotational resistance test (Fig. 2).
A downward 49 N load (about 5 kg) was applied to the
crown portion to simulate the axial occlusal force16).
Five samples in each group were arranged to perform
the static rotational resistance tests. Torque was applied
through the butterfly-shaped crown under a rotational
speed of 1.5 degree/s until the sample fractured. The
remaining three samples in each group were used to
perform cyclic rotational resistance tests. The condition
for the torque values was ±31 N-cm17) under a rotational
speed of 3 degree/s, i.e. the sample crown portion was
driven counterclockwise and clockwise to reach a
positive and negative torque value of 31 N-cm in one
load cycle to simulate the post and core restorations
receiving the multi-vectorial nature of intra-oral force
(rotational). The number of cyclic torque was continued
until 1.0×105 cycles or the sample presented noteworthy
deformation/fracture18). The sum of the counterclockwise
and clockwise rotation degrees was recorded in each
torque test for all samples. The rotation degree versus
number of torque cycles was plotted to understand the
failure process.
Lateral static and fatigue fracture resistance tests
Thirty six samples were also arranged into anatomical
SGFR fiber post and X-Post groups to produce the lateral
static/fatigue resistance tests using the Instron E3000
(Instron, Canton, MA, USA) material testing machine.
The sample was mounted with a 45° inclination to the
long axis of the tooth in the test machine.
Six samples in each group were arranged to perform
a static lateral resistance test that was designed to drive
a static compression force onto the tooth using steel cone
acting on the lingual cusp as a lateral load (Fig. 3(f)).
The crosshead speed was set at 0.05 mm/s until fracture
occurred. The fatigue tests were carried out according to
236 Dent Mater J 2016; 35(2): 233–240

Fig. 2 Dimensions of the artificial acrylic dentin preparation and crown/core

restoration using anatomical SGFR/commercial fiber posts in an endodontically
treated premolar.

Fig. 3 (a) Schematic of static and cyclic rotational resistance tests setup. (b)(c) Fracture modes
of static rotational resistance tests for anatomical SGFR and commercial fiber posts,
respectively. (d)(e) Fracture modes of cyclic rotational resistance tests for anatomical
SGFR and commercial fiber posts, respectively. (f) Schematic of static and fatigue
lateral fracture resistance tests setup. (g)(h) Fracture modes of static lateral fracture
resistance tests for anatomical SGFR and commercial fiber posts, respectively. (i)(j)
Fracture modes of fatigue lateral fracture resistance tests for anatomical SGFR and
commercial fiber posts, respectively.
 Dent Mater J 2016; 35(2): 233–240 237

the lateral static resistance test maximum load modified rotational resistance test (Fig. 4). Mapping the initial
with the standard ISO 14801(2007) test method to failure locations to the number of torque cycles in the
evaluate the restoration mechanical resistance in an anatomical SGFR fiber post were 100,000, 96,182 and
endodontically treated tooth. The cyclic loads were set 100,000 and the rotation degree sums were 7.13°,
at 50, 40, 35 and 30% of the static maximum load. The 8.23° and 5.68° for three samples, respectively. The
test frequency was set at 6 Hz according study of Nie et corresponding cyclic torque/sum of rotation degrees
al.19). Three specimens were tested at each cyclic load. were 61,001, 52,045 and 55,889/11.21°, 10.38° and 8.55°
The number of cycles at each load was recorded until for the X-Post. The initial failure for the number of
1.2×106 cycles, which represented 5 years of simulated torque cycles in the anatomical SGFR fiber post were
function or 1 mm vertical displacement or restoration found significantly higher than those for the X-Post
failure occurred in the sample19). (p=0.0006). The failure modes also showed that the
anatomical SGFR fiber and X-Post separated from the
RESULTS cement layers, with the smooth post fracture section only
found in the anatomical SGFR fiber post and cracked
The average value and standard deviation of δf /Ef for flaw found only in the X-Post (Figs. 3(d) and (e)).
the three-point bending tested for anatomical SGFR
fiber post and X-Post were listed in Table 2. The t-test
showed that significant difference for δf (p=0.00259) and
no significant difference for Ef (p=0.006) were found
between the anatomical SGFR fiber post and X-Post.
The maximum torque values/corresponding to the
breaking angle (average value±standard deviation) in
the static rotational resistance tests were listed in Table
3. The anatomical SGFR fiber post rotational resistance
was found significantly higher than that of the X-Post
but the corresponding breaking angles presented no
significant difference. The failure modes showed that
the anatomical SGFR fiber and X-Post separated from
the cement layers. Both posts fractured at one third of
the post but different fracture failure modes were found.
Smooth fracture section for the anatomical SGFR fiber
post and remaining split fiber fracture for the X-Post
were found, respectively (Figs. 3(b) and (c)).
The location of a dramatic curve slope change in the Fig. 4 The sum of the counterclockwise and clockwise
rotation degree figure versus number of cyclic torque rotation degrees versus number of cyclic torques in
plots can be observed as the initial failure in the cyclic the cyclic rotational resistance tests.

Table 2 The average value and standard deviation of δf /Ef for the three-point bending tested for anatomical SGFR fiber post
and X-Post

X-Post SGFR-Post
Sample Flexural Strength (δf) Flexural Modulus (Ef) Flexural Strength (δf) Flexural Modulus (Ef)
(MPa) (GPa) (MPa) (GPa)

Average 925.8 25.8 743.2 28.1

Std 55.90 0.48 11.40 1.94

Table 3 The maximum torque values/corresponding to the breaking angle (average value±standard deviation) in the static
rotational resistance tests

X-Post SGFR-Post
Sample
Torque force (N-mm) Angle (°) Torque force (N-mm) Angle (°)

Average 115.9 12.03 138.88 11.35

Std 11.28 4.488 4.21 1.837

238 Dent Mater J 2016; 35(2): 233–240

Table 4 Load levels of the static maximum resistance load for anatomical SGFR fiber post and X-Post and their corresponding
cycle number after restored tooth failure in fatigue tests

X-Post Anatomic SGFR fiber post

% of Max. Load
Max static Load=215.9(N) Max static Load=222.7(N)
(%)
Load (N) Sample Cycles Load (N) Sample Cycles

No1 2,000 No1 1,799

Between Between
50 No2 18,952 No2 4,000
107.95 to 10.8 111.35 to 11.14
No3 7,124 No3 11,029

No1 28,025 No1 30,505

Between Between
40 No2 41,258 No2 55,218
86.36 to 8.64 89.08 to 8.91
No3 48,214 No3 56,124

No1 37,123 No1 56,035

Between Between
35 No2 40,125 No2 59,745
75.57 to 7.56 77.95 to 7.79
No3 40,824 No3 65,189

No1 1,200,000 No1 1,200,000

Between Between
30 No2 1,200,000 No2 1,200,000
64.77 to 6.48 66.81 to 6.68
No3 1,200,000 No3 1,200,000

results concluded that the endurance limitation at

1.2×106 cycles were at 30% of the maximum resistance
load value, almost the same for the anatomical SGFR
fiber post and X-Post (anatomical SGFR fiber post=66.81
N and X-Post=64.77 N). The fatigue test failure modes
presented similar trends to those found in the static
resistance tests (Figs. 3(i) and (j)).

Fig. 5 Load-cycle diagram for fatigue lateral fracture
resistance tests for anatomical SGFR and
commercial fiber posts.
The lateral static fracture resistance results were
222.7±47.18 and 215.9±25.18 (mean value and standard
deviation) expressed in Newton units with no significance
(p=0.393) found. Incline fracture patterns were found
propagated from the buccal cervical region to the middle
of the root canal in both crown/core/post restorations
(Figs. 3(g) and (h)). The load levels set in the four cyclic
tests for 50, 40, 35 and 30% of the static maximum
resistance load for the anatomical SGFR fiber and
X-Post and their corresponding number of cycles
after restoration failure are listed in Table 4. A load-
cycle diagram that presents the number of load cycles
endured by each specimen and the corresponding peak
load is shown in Fig. 5. The fatigue resistance test
DISCUSSION
One of the relevant problems clinicians recently faced
when restoring endodontically treated teeth is the
mismatch between the post space diameter and that of
the post20). The resin cement thickness around the fiber
post can vary because flared canals develop from carious
extension, trauma, pulpal pathosis and iatrogenic
misadventure. Flared canals can compromise the post
adaptation to canal walls20). Clinical studies have
revealed that when using fiber posts, the most common
cause of failure is not root fracture but debonding8,9,21).
Excessively thick cement layers, especially at the
root coronal or middle can cause post misfit, which
predisposes the reconstruction to debonding22). Although
changing the fiber post from circular to oval profiles
has been proposed in many studies to improve the post
fit adaption, reducing the risk of debonding, oval post
development is constrained by inherent manufacture
process issues. This study proposes a novel anatomical
SGFR fiber post with surface slot/notch designs that can
be produced from granulate based on semi-crystalline
polyamides with reinforced glass fibers, formed using
mold process manufacturing. The large amount of
endodontically treated dentin needed for fiber post
 Dent Mater J 2016; 35(2): 233–240
insertion and core/crown restorations for a series of
mechanical resistance tests dictates artificial acrylic
dentin with uniform prepared root canals duplicated
using a CNC milling machine with 0.1 mm resolution
to reduce size variations, chemical components, density
and structure in natural teeth selection. Analogous
approaches that also used endodontic resin blocks in
vitro experiments can be found in previous studies that
reveal its feasibility23,24).
Although the three-point bending results showed
that the commercial X-Post (925.8 MPa) flexural
strength was higher by about 20% over our anatomical
SGFR fiber post (743.2 MPa), these values were fall into
the common available flexural strength range from 600–
1,149 MPa from a pool of seven commercial fiber posts
examined in a study by Plotino et al.25). Plotino et al.
also pointed out that fiber posts present the capability
to resist structural fracture when its flexural strength
is greater than the tooth’s corresponding strength of
almost 212.9±41.9 MPa. No significant difference was
found in flexural modulus between our anatomical SGFR
fiber post (28.1±1.94 GPa) and X-Post (25.8±0.48 GPa).
Both are higher than the 17.5±3.8 GPa tooth dentin
value. Plotino et al. and other researchers addressed
that fiber posts have a modulus similar to that of dentin
and express better flexibility allowing a similar stress
distribution to that occurring in natural teeth25,26).
The static rotational test result showed that
anatomical SGFR fiber posts present higher resistance
than the X-Post. This phenomenon might be explained
by the post’s moment of inertia which can be calculated
from formulas of mr2/2 for circle and m (a2+b2)/4 for oval
shapes, respectively (where m is mass, r is radius, a, b
are main and minor axis in oval). The ratio of anatomical
SGFR fiber post and X-Post is 1.67:0.91 when the
mass effect is ignored. The cyclic torque test value of
31 N-cm applied in our test was according to the study
of Wiskott et al. who indicated that this value was
50% of the smallest failure load in a series of implant-
abutment rotational resistance tests and was suitable
for application to restored teeth as the load (torque)
condition. The number of cyclic torque sets as 105
were not able to simulate real occlusal time and were
used only for the functional test. The results indicated
that the average number of cyclic torque revolutions
for post fracture was 98,727 for the anatomical SGFR
fiber post and 56,312 for the X-Post. The post and canal
cross-section area ratio in the fracture section were
also obtained as 47 and 20% for the anatomical SGFR
fiber post and X-Post. These results imply that better
fit adaption by the anatomical SGFR fiber post is also
resistant to torque more efficiency in an endodontically
treated premolar. Reasonable results were found in
static/cyclic resistance test failure modes, revealing
that split fracture was found in the X-Post due to its
continuous (long) reinforced glass fibers. Adhesive layer
debonding was found in both posts, implying that the
cement bond strength was not enough to resist rotation
torque.
Although no significant differences were found in
239
static and fatigue lateral resistance test results, the
fatigue test results S-N curve can be fitted using data
from 50–30% fatigue tests and linear trend curves from
anatomical SGFR fiber post and X-Post showed that the
anatomical SGFR fiber post presented better mechanical
performance for long term lateral resistance. The
number of 1.2×106 cycles in the fatigue test indicated
that the number of occlusal contacts that occur in vivo,
Pontius et al.27) suggested that there are 1.2×106 active
cycles in 5 years of service. The load frequency 6 Hz set
in the fatigue test was suggested by a study by Nie et
al.19), who indicated that the 6 Hz test frequency was
reasonable when the fiber post was exposed in an air
environment to perform fatigue test. The endurance
limitation at 1.2×106 cycles was 66.81 N for the
anatomical SGFR fiber post and 67.77 N for the X-Posts,
falling into the reasonable area in previous work ranging
from 50–127.4 N16,28,29). All failure modes were found in
the artificial dentin but not the post itself indicating
that post fit adaption in root canal was not a key issue in
the lateral resistance test.
Although a novel anatomical SGFR fiber post
contained short glass fibers reinforced glass with slot/
notch retention designs developed using injection
molding, some assumptions made in this study limit the
anatomical SGFR fiber post applicability. For instance,
natural teeth and viscoelastic PDL were not utilized in
these experiments. The translucent characteristics of
the anatomical SGFR fiber post and bonding strength
between the post and resin cement are need to be
warranted. The translucent characteristic between the
anatomical SGFR post than in the commercial post was
evaluated by X-ray. The result addressed that SGFR
post in the X-ray imaging is visible in the tooth root
canal but revealed low contrast when compared to
commercial X-Post. Otherwise, bonding strength
between the post and resin cement need to be evaluated
in the further study.
Conclusions can only be made based on the three-
point bending test showing that the anatomical SGFR
post flexural strength and flexural modulus were
acceptable and fell into the available commercial
range for continuous (long) reinforced fiber posts. The
novel anatomical SGFR fiber post presented more
efficient torque resistance in an endodontically treated
premolar with better root canal fit adaption. However,
no significant differences were found in the lateral static
resistance test and endurance limitation in the fatigue
test. The lateral resistance tests was not a key issue in
addressing post fit adaptation to the root canal.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This study supported in part by MOST project
101-2622-B-010-001-CC2, 101-2320-B-182A-001-MY2
and 103-2221-E-010 -011 -MY2 of the Ministry of Science
and Technology, Taiwan. Authors would also like to
thank to Green Point Enterprise, Taichung, Taiwan that
assistant to manufacture of the anatomical SGFR fiber
post.
240 Dent Mater J 2016; 35(2): 233–240
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