10-9.

STRUCTURAL STEEL
Plates and Bars
 -Are generally available in various sizes specified under ASTM 7 or ASTM A36 for
building and bridges.
 Flat steel is generally for structural use classified as:

1. Bars
a. 15 cm less in width with 0.51 cm thickness
b. 15 cm to 20 cm width by 6mm thick.

2. Plates
a. Over 20 cm wide by 6 mm thickness
b. Over 1.20 m wide by 4.5 mm thick or more

Angle Bars
 The angle bar is designated as <, such as:
o <10 x 10 x ½ for angles of equal legs
o <15 x 10 x ½ for angles of unequal legs

Standard channel
 It has the shape of unsymmetrical balance consisting of two flanges on one side. It requires
support to prevent its tendency to buckle.

 Generally used as elements of built-up sections for columns and are also suitable for
framing around floor openings, spandrels, and lintels attributed to the absence of flanges
on the other side.
 The channel section is identified as C15x20 which means that the channel has a depth of
20 and the weight is 5 kg per meter length.
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Wide Flange
 Wide flange sections are designated as W12x24 which means that the flange has a depth
of 24 and it weighs 12 kg per meter length.

 All wide flange sections are generally with parallel face flange except those with 5%
slope inside face produced by Bethlehem Steel Company.

 Comparatively, wide flange sections are more efficient than standard I-Beam with respect
to being resistance.

Standard I-beam
 The use of I-Beam as a column is uneconomical because the whirl or revolving action of
the structure about an axis through the centroid parallel to the web of the I-Beam is
comparatively small.

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Zee and Tee Sections
 The Zee section is another structural form in a letter Z which is not frequently used in
building construction except on the fabrication of steel windows and other frames.

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 10-10. STRUCTURAL STEEL GRADE
 The early structural steel grade was mostly focused on the ASTM A7 which concurrently
is no longer considered as the basic structural steel after the introduction of new types of
structural grade such as ASTM A36.

 However, the Code so provides that structural steel to be used in the construction shall
conform to any of the following specifications:
1. For steel bridges and buildings ASTM A7
2. Structural steel for welding ASTM A373
3. Structural steel ASTM A36
4. High strength structural steel ASTM A440
5. High strength low alloy structural manganese vanadium steel ASTM A441
6. High strength low allow structural steel ASTM 242

7. The ASTM A36 is stronger with higher yielding point than the ASTM A7. The
carbon content of ASTM A36 had been reduced to improve weldability, although
it could be connected by means of bolts and rivets.

High Strength Steel

 The three high strength steels are the ASTM A440, ASTM A441 and ASTM A242 which
are greater strength and higher resistance to atmospheric corrosion.

 The ASTM A440 is generally used in riveted and bolted construction. It is not
recommended by the AISC for welding connection.

 The ASTM A441 is suitable for welding connection and is widely used in building
constructions. Because of its superiority in quality, high resistance to corrosion and higher
strength but lighter in weight.

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