Engine Power is the rate at which work is done, that is the

rate at which energy is transferred by force.

Factors Affect to the Power = PLANK

in KW 60 x 2 x 1000
Engine Power Engine capacity of naturally aspirated engine

Engine capacity = Area of the cylinder x Stroke x No of cylinder

AGP. KARUNATHILAKA
B.Ed.Tech (NVQSL Level 7), NDAT

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Learning Outcome What is volumetric efficiency

After successful completion of the lesson the trainee will be able to.. volumetric efficiency is a ratio (or percentage) of the quantity of air
1. Define engine power by equation in KW that is trapped by the cylinder during induction over the swept volume
of the cylinder under static conditions.
2. Calculate engine capacity
3. Define volumetric efficiency Equation
4. State volumetric efficiency increasing methods
5. Explain multiple valve technology
6. Briefly explain function of variable engine timing
7. Explain function of variable induction system
8. Describe purpose of super charger & turbo charger
9. Explain function of super charger
Where:
10. State disadvantage of super charger
VE = Volumetric Efficiency (%)
11. Explain function of turbo charger AVF = Actual volumetric flow rate (ft3/minute)
12. Explain purpose of Westgate valve TAF = Theoretical air flow rate (ft3/minute)
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13. Describe purpose of intercooler
 Volumetric efficiency increasing methods Variable Engine Timing
• Multiple Valve Technology Valve timing diagram of the fixed engine timing
Two valve technology
Three valve version
Four valve version

• Variable induction system

Switch over intake manifold
Infinity variable induction system

• Variable Engine Timing ( MAP controlled cam shaft adjustment )

• Forced induction
• Charge with mechanical drive (Super charger)
Charge without mechanical drive(Turbocharger)
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Multiple Valve Technology Variable Engine Timing ( MAP controlled cam shaft adjustment )

• Automatically changing the timing,

• Automatically Changing the timing, valve lift

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Variable induction system ( Variable inlet manifold)

Volumetric efficiency of naturally aspirated

engines & force-feed induction engine
Engine Type Volumetric efficiency

Naturally aspirated engine 70 % to 90 %

Force-feed induction engine 120 % to 160 %

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Supercharger
Forced induction
• Super charger
• Turbocharger

Forced induction is the process of delivering compressed air to the

intake of an internal combustion engine. A forced induction engine
uses a gas compressor to increase the pressure, temperature and
density of the air. An engine without forced induction is considered a
naturally aspirated engine. For ground installations, it is used to
produce a gain in the power out put of the engine

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Supercharger operation

ƒ Belt or gear driven

ƒ Rotors act like a pump and compress air

supercharger speed is limited by engine speed -turns
a lot slower

ƒ Sometimes used with intercooler to cool air

ƒ Bypass butterfly valve

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Turbocharger:
• A turbocharger is a small radial fan pump driven by
the energy of the exhaust gases of an engine.

• A turbocharger consists of a turbine and a

compressor on a shared shaft

• The turbine converts exhaust to rotational force,

which is in turn used to drive the compressor.

• The compressor draws in ambient air and pumps it in

to the intake manifold at increased pressure, resulting
in a greater mass of air entering the cylinders on each
intake stroke.
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 Boost pressure control with variable turbine geometry

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Thank you for your discipline

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