SYSTEM & STRUCTURE

OF NATIONAL
ADMINISTRATION
STRUCTURE OF MALAYSIAN
GOVERNMENT
 YANG DI-PERTUAN AGONG (SUPREME RULER)
 Function: Head of State
 Appointment:
 Rotation from Malay Ruler
 Period/term: 5 years
 Selection/dismiss by Rulers Council
 Cannot be replaced by his son.
 The power/task:
 Appoint Prime Minister, minister, chief judge, judges, diplomat and YDN
 Call and dissolve parliament
 Head of army, Islamic matters (in state without ruler).
 Declare emergency law.
COUNCIL OF RULERS
 what? The council which exclusively for the rulers.
 Membership:
 Sultan/kings/rulers
 YDN (Governor) of Penang, Malacca, Sarawak & Sabah.
 Prime Minister (unofficial member)
 Chief Minister / Menteri Besar (unofficial member)
 Role:
 Select Yang di-Pertuan Agong and his deputy
 Approve/disapprove religious matters in federation
 Appoints members for special court
 Advise YDA in giving pardon etc.
 STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT

Head of State
Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Supreme Ruler)

Legislature
Executive Judiciary
(Parliament)

Prime Minister House of Senate Lord of Justice

Cabinet

House of
Ministries Courts
Representatives

Departments
JUDICIARY BODY
 The judiciary lies with courts.
 The role:
 To defend justice for everyone.
 Directly able to create and maintain national peace.
 Interpret constitution and law.
 Power to proclaim a written Federal or State law invalid.
 To declare government action as invalid if against the law.
 Lead by Chief Justice.
 Support by judges and magistrate.
JUDICIARY BODY
 Level of courts:
 Federal Court, High Court and Lower Court.
JUDICIARY BODY
 Types of court:
1. Federal court
 Decide on the validity of law, disputes between governments or states
& deliberates on appeals of civil & criminal cases from high court.
2. High court
 Hear cases which carry death penalty or serious.
3. Sessions court
 Any cases except those punishable with death.
4. Magistrate court
 Hears light civil or criminal cases.
JUDICIARY BODY
1. Penghulu/sub-district court
 Headed by penghulu or head of mukim (village)
2. District court
 Headed by District Officer over district matters, not involve criminal.
3. Juvenile court
 Hear cases which involve individual below 18 years old.
Attorney General: prosecuting and government lawyer.
LEGISLATURE BODY
Refer to parliament.
Role: enact the laws of the country, discuss public issue and pass the budget.
Compose 3 components:
 Yang di-Pertuan Agong
 Head of parliament
 Call or dissolve the parliament
 Approve and sign the bills (draft of the law)
LEGISLATURE BODY
 Dewan Negara/Senate house
 Role: to discuss and pass bills passed by Dewan Rakyat (House of
Representative) & discuss public issues.
 Members: known as senator
 Appoint by YDA (advise by Prime Minister)
 Professional or tribe leader
 Serve for 3 years for 1 term. Maximum, 2 term.
 Minimum age: 30 years and above.
 Can be appointed as minister.
 Total number: 70 senator (members)
LEGISLATURE BODY
 Dewan Rakyat / House of Representative
 Role: enact the law, discuss public issue and approve the budget.
 Membership:
 21 years and above
 Elected (during election)
 Known as Yang Berhormat /YB
 Serve 5 years for each session. Not limit.
 consists two group:
 Government: party that win majority seat in HOP
 Opposition: party that acquire minimum seat in HOP
LEGISLATURE BODY
 Process in the enactment of law:
1. Minister or ministry draft the proposed law.
2. Sent to Attorney General’s Department for formatting.
3. Sent to HOR for 3 times reading.
4. Sent to HOS for 3 times reading.
5. Presented to YDA for approval. (30 days to consider the bill)
6. If YDA rejects, need to follow step no 1 again.
7. Second times, YDA have another 30 days to consider. Automatically will
become the law after the period regardless YDA approve or not.
 EXECUTIVE BODY
 Power to govern the country (formulate &
implement policy)
 Authority power is vested in the Yang di-Pertuan
Agong
 The body which exercise this power is the Cabinet
(a group of Minister headed by the Prime Minister)
 Each Minister must be approved by the YDPA.
 Prime Minister and the Cabinet primarily regulates
policy for domestic and foreign affairs
 EXECUTIVE BODY
 Prime Minister:
 Holds the Chief Executive title in governing the country
 win the majority seat in the House of Representatives
(Dewan Rakyat)
 The appointment of Prime Minister as the head of
Cabinet is done by the King
 Main duty to preside over the Cabinet and to supervise
the various portfolios in the Government.
 Acts as advisor to the King on his duty such as the
appointment and termination of Federal Judges, the
filling and firing of senior executive in Civil Services and
the passing of bills
 EXECUTIVE BODY
Duties of PM:
 Chairman of the meeting of the Council of Ministers/cabinet
 Chief of Administrator
 Introduces and implements government policies with purposes (to increase the
public service)
 Changes the traits of public service officers
 Makes closer relationship between private and public sectors
 As the main diplomat officer
 STRUCTURE OF STATE GOVERNMENT
Executive Body
 Head by Menteri Besar / Chief Minister
 Members of state legislative body
 Appoint by sultan or YDN
 Assist by state cabinet / state executive council
 Function: formulate and implement policy in the state level.
 STRUCTURE OF STATE GOVERNMENT
Legislative Body
 Known as state assembly / Dewan Undangan Negeri
 Functions: listens, debates and draws up the acts of the state for application in the
state.
 Members: sultan/YDN and state legislative members (SLM).
 Members (SLM) are chosen by the people through election.
LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT IN MALAYSIA
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT

 The local government or local authority is the lowest level in the system of government in
Malaysia—after federal and state.
 There are 3 categories of local government:
 Majlis Bandaraya (City council)
 Examples: DBKL, Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam
 Only in the big city (the number of population more than 1 million)
 Lead by Mayor (Datuk Bandar)
 Majlis Perbandaran (Municipal council)
 Examples: Majlis Perbandaran Subang, MPAJ.
 Basically in the medium city which the number of population around 500k to 1 million.
 Lead by Speaker (Yang Dipertua Majlis)
 Majlis Daerah (district council)
 Examples: Majlis Daerah Sepang
 In the small city or district, the number of population less than 500k.
 Lead by Speaker (Yang Dipertua Majlis)
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT

 The responsibility of local government are (based on the Local Government

Act 1976):
 The power to issue licenses
 The power to impose certain tax ex: Assessment Tax, Land Tax.
 Building, housing and commercial units (market stalls, etc..)
 Power to exercise the functions of planning and managing urban
 Manage and control the traffic (including managing the municipal public
transport system)
 Authority to plan and provide public facilities
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
the local government in Malaysia is regulated by the federal government through the
Ministry of Housing and Local Government and the state government.
Local authorities in Sabah state cabinet is controlled by the Ministry of Local
Government and Housing, while in Sarawak, the supervisory duties handed over
to the Ministry of the Environment and Public Health.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Sources of financial for local government:

1. Tax collection
2. Fees
3. Summon
4. License
5. Share
6. Dividend
7. State government
8. Loan