HVP/AK 16-123

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Table of Contents
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1. SCOPE AND STANDARDS

2. TEST OBJECTS
3. PRE-TEST MEASUREMENTS
A manual signature is not required.

3.1. Power Frequency Reference Voltage Measurements

3.2. Lightning Impulse Residual Voltage Measurements
4. VERIFICATION OF REPETITIVE CHARGE TRANSFER RATING (IEC)
AND SINGLE-IMPULSE WITHSTAND RATING (IEEE)
4.1. Test parameters
4.2. Test procedure
5. POST-TEST MEASUREMENTS
5.1. Power Frequency Reference Voltage Measurements
5.2. Lightning Impulse Residual Voltage Measurements at
nominal current
5.3. Lightning Impulse Residual Voltage Measurements at twice
nominal current
OSCILLOGRAM PAGES
ENCLOSURE
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 HVP/AK 16-123
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1. SCOPE AND STANDARDS

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Type tests have been performed on Metal-oxide (MO) resistors, type P, used in surge arresters types
PEXLIM P-Z.
A manual signature is not required.

The resistors were tested in accordance with the standards for metal-oxide surge arresters, IEC 60099-4,
Edition 3.0, and IEEE Std. C62.11-2012.

The following measurements/tests have been performed:

a. Verification of Repetitive Charge Transfer Rating (Q rs) on 10 sections as per clause 8.5 of the above IEC
standard and verification of Single-Impulse Withstand Rating (SIWR) as per clause 8.15 of the IEEE Std.
The rating chosen for verification was 3.2 Coulombs.
b. Measurement of power frequency (p.f.) reference voltage at reference current of 3 mA before and after
the tests.

c. Measurement of lightning impulse (8/20 µs) residual voltage at nominal current (I n=20 kA peak) before
and after the tests.

d. Application of one lightning impulses (8/20 µs) at twice nominal current (40 kA peak) after the tests.

Tables and oscillograms are presented from the different tests.

2. TEST OBJECTS
The MO resistors, type P for arrester type PEXLIM P-Z are manufactured with diameter 73.8 mm and height
42.5 mm. The drawing for the MO resistor is 5681 018-901.

The nominal rating of the test samples was 7.2 kV.

3. PRE-TEST MEASUREMENTS

3.1. Power Frequency Reference Voltage Measurements

The reference current for surge arresters built with MO resistors, type P is defined at a peak value of 3 mA of
the resistive component of power frequency current. The reference voltage (U ref) is the peak value of power
frequency voltage divided by √2 measured at the reference current. The resistive current may be slightly
asymmetrical in this current region. The reference voltage, therefore, is always defined as the minimum
voltage measured at the reference current independent of polarity.
The reference voltage (Uref) measured at 23 ± 5 °C is checked on all complete assembled arrester units in
routine tests.

The reference voltage of each section is recorded for comparison with similar measurements after the test.
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Any unauthorized use, reproduction, distribution or disclosure to third parties is
The information contained in this document has to be kept strictly confidential.

Figure 1 shows an oscillogram from a Power Frequency Reference Voltage Measurement for a section with
reference voltage 7.46 kV rms. (Maximum resistive current occurs by definition at the peak of the voltage
wave and maximum capacitive component at voltage zero.)

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 HVP/AK 16-123
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12.0
12.0 kV
kV

Voltage: 7.46 kVrms

A manual signature is not required.

Voltage
Voltage

-12.0
-12.0 kV
kV
5.0
5.0 mA
mA

Current
Current: 3.0 mA
Current
resistive peak

-5.0
-5.0 mA
Sweep#:
mA
Sweep#: 1 1-05.00
-05.00 ms
ms 4.000
4.000 ms/div
ms/div 35.00
35.00 ms
ms
Time scale: 4.0 ms/div

Figure 1. Power Frequency Reference Voltage Measurement (Section 1)

3.2. Lightning Impulse Residual Voltage Measurements

The rated nominal current for MO resistors, type P, is 20 kA at 8/20 µs and residual voltage of each section
is measured at this value and recorded for comparison with similar results after the test.

4. VERIFICATION OF REPETITIVE CHARGE TRANSFER RATING (IEC) AND SINGLE-

IMPULSE WITHSTAND RATING (IEEE)

4.1. Test parameters

The test parameters were defined and selected as shown in Table 1.

Parameter MO resistor rated 7.2 kV

Length of impulse 3 ms (± 10%)

Max. residual voltage at 10 kA 8/20 µs (in manufacture) (a) 17.2 kVp

Nominal residual voltage (published) at 10 kA 8/20 µs (b) 16.2 kVp

Residual voltage class (at 10 kA 8/20 µs) MO resistors selected for test (c) 16.2 / 16.3 kVp

Selected value for verification (d) 3.2 C

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Hence, required min. charge/impulse = 1.1 * d * a/c 3.74 / 3.71 C

Min. value of charge obtained in test 3.79 C

Table 1. Parameters for verification of Qrs and SIWR
4.2. Test procedure
The test was carried out on open sections at ambient temperature 23 ±5 °C. The rectangular current impulse
was 2.95 ms. Ten groups of two impulses in each group were applied to each section. The interval between
the two impulses in same group was 50 to 60 seconds. Sections were allowed to cool down to ambient
temperature between groups. Various values were recorded as shown in Table 2.
The minimum value of the applied charge was calculated as 3.79 C.

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 HVP/AK 16-123
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Section Impulse Current peak Voltage peak Energy Charge

No. No. (kAp) (kVp) (kJ) (C)
The digitally stored original is electronically approved.

1 1 1.190 13.90 52.77 3.85

1 20 1.173 14.21 53.32 3.80
2 1 1.185 13.94 52.70 3.84
2 20 1.173 14.29 53.54 3.80
A manual signature is not required.

3 1 1.175 13.89 52.31 3.81

3 20 1.172 14.23 53.49 3.81
4 1 1.184 13.88 52.54 3.83
4 20 1.166 14.25 53.34 3.80
5 1 1.186 13.87 52.80 3.85
5 20 1.168 14.18 53.24 3.80
6 1 1.170 13.93 52.51 3.81
6 20 1.166 14.28 53.54 3.80
7 1 1.185 13.87 52.60 3.85
7 20 1.171 14.21 53.26 3.80
8 1 1.182 13.92 52.80 3.84
8 20 1.168 14.24 53.32 3.80
9 1 1.190 13.89 52.93 3.86
9 20 1.168 14.21 53.33 3.81
10 1 1.190 13.86 53.02 3.87
10 20* --- --- --- ---
Table 2. Repetitive Charge Transfer and Single-impulse Withstand test results.
*) Failure occurred on section No. 10, impulse No. 4.

Minimum values Average values

Current Energy Energy Charge Current Energy Energy (kJ/ Charge
(kAp) (kJ) (kJ/kVrated (C) (kAp) (kJ) kVrated (C)
voltage) Voltage)
1.16 51.98 6.94 3.79 1.17 53.06 7.11 3.82
Table 3. Repetitive Charge Transfer and Single-impulse Withstand test: Minimum and average values
of parameters.

During the test sequence, one section failed on the fourth impulse. The test was continued and no further
failures were recorded.

5. POST-TEST MEASUREMENTS

5.1. Power Frequency Reference Voltage Measurements

The power frequency reference voltage measurements were repeated and the changes in the values
were recorded. All changes were within the 5% stipulated in the standards.
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The information contained in this document has to be kept strictly confidential.

5.2. Lightning Impulse Residual Voltage Measurements at nominal current

The residual voltage measurements were repeated and the changes in the values were recorded. All
changes were within the 5% stipulated in the standards.
External examination of the test samples after the test revealed no evidence of puncture, flashover,
cracking or other significant damage of the MO resistors.
5.3. Lightning Impulse Residual Voltage Measurements at twice nominal current
Each section was then subjected to one impulse, peak value 2 x I n (40 kA). No damage was seen by
visual inspection thereafter.

Note: As per standard, this test is to be carried out at a current density of 0.5 kA/cm 2 peak or 2 x In,
whichever is less. With a diameter of 73.8 mm, the calculated current is 21.4 kAp. Despite this, the
test is performed at 2 x In (40 kAp). No requirement on impulse test with higher than In is given in
IEEE.

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 HVP/AK 16-123
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The observed changes are shown in the Table 4.

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Section Change (after/before) in p.f. Change (after/before) in residual

No. reference voltage at voltage at 8/20 µs rated lightning
A manual signature is not required.

reference current (%) impulse current (%)

1 +0.1 +0.3
2 +0.1 +0.3
3 +0.3 +0.2
4 +0.1 +0.4
5 +0.3 +0.3
6 ±0.0 +0.4
7 ±0.0 +0.3
8 ±0.0 +0.3
9 +0.1 +0.4
10 --- ---
Table 4. Changes in p.f. reference voltage and residual voltages at In after Repetitive Charge Transfer
and Single-impulse Withstand tests.
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 HVP/AK 16-123
Oscillogram page 1

OSCILLOGRAM PAGES
Lightning impulse residual voltage test at 20 kA
Section No. 1
Time scale: 3.5 μs/div

1st application (pre-

0
test)
C hanne l: 0
Ch A3
C hanne l: Ch A3

20.0
20.0 kV
kV

Voltage
Voltage
Voltage: 17.326 kV

-2.0
-2.0 kV
kV
22.0
22.0 kA
kA

Current
Current Current: 20.06 kA

-2.0
-2.0 kA
kA
Sweep#:
Sweep#: 1 1-05.00
-05.00 µs
µs 3.500
3.500 µs/div
µs/div 30.00
30.00µs
µs

2nd application (post-

test)
0
C hanne l: 0
Ch A3
C hanne l: Ch A3

20.0
20.0 kV
kV

Voltage: 17.378 kV
Voltage
Voltage

-2.0
-2.0 kV
kV
22.0
22.0 kA
kA

Current
Current

Current: 20.15 kA
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-2.0
-2.0 kA
kA
Sweep#:
Sweep#: 1 1-05.00
-05.00 µs
µs 3.500
3.500 µs/div
µs/div 30.00
30.00µs
µs

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 HVP/AK 16-123

Oscillogram page: 2
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Lightning impulse residual voltage test at 2 x I n (post-test)

The digitally stored original is electronically approved.

Section No. 1
Time scale: 3.5 μs/div
A manual signature is not required.

0
C hanne l: 0
Ch A3
C hanne l: Ch A3

22.0
22.0 kV
kV

Voltage: 19.01 kV

Voltage
Voltage

-2.0
-2.0 kV
kV
44.0
44.0 kA
kA

Current: 40.20 kA

Current
Current

-2.0
-2.0 kA
kA
Sweep#:
Sweep#: 1 1-05.00
-05.00 µs
µs 3.500
3.500 µs/div
µs/div 30.00
30.00µs
µs

Repetitive Charge Transfer and Single-impulse Withstand test – calibration of wave shape and duration
Section No. 1
Time scale: 500 μs/div

0
Ch anne l: 0
Ch A2
Cha nnel: Ch A2

400.0
400.0 A
A
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Current
Current

-50.0
-50.0 A
A
Sweep#:
Sweep#: 1 1-0.500
-0.500 ms
ms 500.0
500.0 µs/div
µs/div 4.500
4.500 ms
ms

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 HVP/AK 16-123

Oscillogram page: 3
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Repetitive Charge Transfer and Single-impulse Withstand test

This document is issued by means of a computerized system.

Section No. 1,
The digitally stored original is electronically approved.

Time scale : 500 μs/div

A manual signature is not required.

0
Channel: 0
Ch A1
Channel: Ch A1 1st application
16.0
16.0 kV
kV

Voltage
Voltage
Voltage: 13.90 kV
-1.0
-1.0 kV
kV
1.5
1.5 kA
kA

Current
Current
Current: 1.190 kA
-100.0
-100.0 A A
60.0
60.0 kJ
kJ

Energy
Energy
Energy: 52.77 kJ
-5.0
-5.0 kJ
kJ
4.2
4.2 As
As

Charge
Charge
Charge: 3.85 C
-200.0
-200.0 mAs
mAs
Sweep#:
Sweep#: 11 -0.500
-0.500 ms
ms 500.0
500.0µs/div
µs/div 4.500
4.500ms
ms

0
Channel: 0
Ch A1
Channel: Ch A1

16.0
16.0 kV
kV 20th application

Voltage
Voltage

Voltage: 14.21 kV
-1.0
-1.0 kV
kV
1.5
1.5kAkA

Current
Current
Current: 1.173 kA
-100.0
-100.0 A A
60.0
60.0 kJ
kJ

Energy
Energy
Energy: 53.32 kJ
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-5.0
-5.0 kJ
Any unauthorized use, reproduction, distribution or disclosure to third parties is

kJ
The information contained in this document has to be kept strictly confidential.

4.2
4.2 As
As

Charge
Charge
Charge: 3.80 C
-200.0
-200.0 mAs
mAs
Sweep#:
Sweep#: 11 -0.500
-0.500 ms
ms 500.0
500.0µs/div
µs/div 4.500
4.500ms
ms

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 HVP/AK 16-123
ENCLOSURE page: 1

ENCLOSURE

TEST CIRCUIT - INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION

A detailed specification with measuring instruments and the different test circuits, designated 1-9, is
available on request. For each circuit the main components are shown by a sketch in which also all
instruments for measuring of voltages, currents and temperatures could be identified in this
specification. In a belonging "Equipment and Instrument Table" all important data concerning the used
instruments as type identification, accuracy and calibration intervals are listed. Note! All test circuits in
the specification can not necessarily be referred to the test report. The specification is used as a basic
document for all test reports on surge arresters, and therefore contains a summary of all frequently
used test circuits.

The described specification “Test circuits and instrument specifications for Surge arrester laboratory”,
has document No HVP AK 2979, revision H.
strictly forbidden. ABB reserves all rights regarding Intellectual Property Rights.
Any unauthorized use, reproduction, distribution or disclosure to third parties is
The information contained in this document has to be kept strictly confidential.

ÓCopyright 2009 ABB. All rights reserved.

 The information contained in this document has to be kept strictly confidential.
Any unauthorized use, reproduction, distribution or disclosure to third parties is
strictly forbidden. ABB reserves all rights regarding Intellectual Property Rights.

ind.:
Rev.
REVISION

Page (P)

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Chapt. (C)
Date Description
Dept./Init.