Management Information System

Content

Chapter Pages
No.
Chapter - 1 :: management information system 1 – 12
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The background
1.3 Management
1.4 Information
1.5 System
1.6 Information system
1.7 Management information system
1.8 Strategic management information system

Chapter - 2 :: strategic information system 13 – 52

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Competitive strategy concepts
2.3 The value chain and strategic
2.4 Using information technology for strategic
advantage

Chapter - 3 :: Types of management information System 53 – 80

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Transaction processing system
3.3 Management information system
3.4 Decision support system
3.5 Executive support system for senior management
3.6 System that spin the organization – enterprise
Applications
Chapter - 4 :: Management Information System in
Functional Areas of Business 81- 116
4.1 Accounting Information System
4.2 Geographical Information System
4.3 Human Resource Information System (HRIS)
4.4 Inventory Information System
4.5 Manufacturing Information System
4.6 Marketing Information System
4.7 Quality Information System
4.8 R & D Information System
Chapter - 5 :: MIS Development Model 117– 142
5.1 Mis Development
5.2 Principals Of System Development
5.3 System Development Models
5.4 Uses Of System Development Model
Chapter - 6 :: MIS Development Requirements And
Specification 143-164
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Requirements Analysis And Specification Process
6.3 System Requirements Specifications
6.4 The Structure Of SRS Document
6.5 SRS Validity
Chapter -7 :: Different System Affect MIS 165-188
7.2 Data warehousing and data mining
7.3 Enterprise resource planning system
7.4 Customer relationship management system
7.5 Knowledge management system
7.6 Decision making and decision support system
7.7 E-commerce
7.8 Business process re-engineering system
Chapter - 8 :: MIS - The Factors Of Success And Failure 189- 225

Chapter - 1 :: Management Information System

Objective :

After completing this unit you will be able to

 Explain the meaning and understanding of management information system
 Explain the need , purpose and objective of MIS
 State contemporary approaches to MIS
 Describe information as strategic resource
 Narrate use of information for comparative advantages
  Describe MIS as a instrument for organizational change
 Concept of strategic management information system

Structure

1.1 Introduction
1.2 The background
1.3 What is management information system
1.4 Need, purpose and objectives,
1.5 Contemporary approaches to MIS,
1.6 Information as strategic resource,
1.7 Use of information for comparative advantages,
1.8 MIS as a instrument for organizational change
1.9 Strategic management information system

1.1 Introduction
Management Information systems encompass a broad and complicated subject matter. To make these
topic greater manageable, barriers will be described. First, due to the large number of sports relating
to management records systems, a complete assessment isn't always viable. The ones mentioned right
here is handiest a partial sampling of activities, reflecting the writer's viewpoint of the greater not
unusual and interesting developments. Likewise in which there were multiple consequences in a
similar location of improvement, most effective selected ones will be used to demonstrate principles.
This is not to imply one effort is extra crucial than another. Also, the main consciousness could be on
records systems to be used at the farm level and to some lesser extent systems used to support
researchers addressing farm degree issues (e.g., simulation or optimization fashions, geographic data
systems, etc.) And those used to aid agribusiness corporations that supply goods and offerings to
agricultural producers and the deliver chain past the production segment.

Management information systems (MIS), referred to as information management and structures, is

the area overlaying the utility of human beings, technologies, and approaches together referred to as
records structures, to solving enterprise problems.

"MIS' is a planned device of collecting, storing and disseminating information within the form of facts
had to carry out the functions of control.”

The motive of the device is processing data, the saving and transmitting suitable statistics in vicinity,
and better facts machine is the only who plays this feature with a great deal much less rate. Discern by
using Jameso. Hicks,Jr (2003) displays laptop machine in six elements: inputs, procedures, facts
documents, outputs, personnel and hardware element. All systems which include computer structures
and pc structures include inputs, procedures and outputs.

Management Information Systems

The technique of remodelling inputs into outputs regards facts control (control statistics). Procedures
may be subdivided into computer applications and methods, computer programs executed from the
laptop hardware and approaches performed with the aid of people.
The management information system (MIS) is a idea of the final decade or . It has been understood
and defined in a range of methods. It is also known as the information machine, the facts and selection
system, the laptop- based facts machine.

The MIS has a couple of definition, a number of which might be given under.

MIS is described as a device which presents information support for choice making within the
agency.

MIS is defined as an incorporated device of guy and device for supplying the statistics to
support the operations, the management and the choice making characteristic within the business
enterprise.

MIS is described as a gadget based on the database of the business enterprise developed for
the motive of supplying information to the people within the company.

MIS is described as a computer based totally records device.

Thought there are a number of definitions, all of them converge on one unmarried point, i.e., the MIS
is a machine to assist the choice making feature within the corporation. The difference lies in defining
the elements of the MIS. But, in these day’s international MIS an automatic commercial enterprise
processing gadget producing statistics for the humans within the corporation to fulfil the records
desires decision making to obtain the company goal of the agency. In any employer, small or huge, a
main portion of the time is going in statistics collection, processing, documenting it to the humans.

Subsequently, a prime part of the overheads is going into this type of unproductive work within the
company. Each individual in an organization is constantly searching out a few records which is
wanted to carry out his/her project. As a result, the data is people-oriented and it varies with the
character of the people in the enterprise.

So one can get a better grip at the interest of facts processing, it's far essential to have a formal system
which must contend with the following points:

o Managing of a voluminous facts.

o Confirmation of the validity of statistics and transaction.
o Complex processing of statistics and multidimensional evaluation.
o Quick search and retrieval.
o Mass storage.
o Verbal exchange of the records device to the user on time.
o Pleasant the changing wishes of the information.
The control records system uses computers and conversation generation to deal with these factors of
splendid significance.

1.2 The background:

The history of current management statistics systems parallels the evolution of computer hardware
and software. The history also parallels the devolution of control manage from centralization to
decentralization. These days, all computer-based totally structures that accumulate, technique, shop
and speak that statistics as information are normally described as control facts systems, or MIS.

Many MIS pundits divide the history of MIS into the five eras, first chronicled by Kenneth and Jane
Loudon, authors of the textbook control information systems:
first generation: mainframe and minicomputer computing

second generation: non-public computer systems

third generation: customer/server networks

fourth generation: business enterprise computing

fifth generation: cloud computing

First generation
The primary era, pre-1965, turned into the duration of big mainframe computer systems that have
been housed in special temperature managed rooms and required pc technicians to operate. Ibm
become the only-forestall supplier of hardware and software. Pc time sharing become common due to
the big cost of owning and operating mainframes. As computer era superior and computers shrank in
length, agencies may want to have the funds for minicomputers, nonetheless exceptionally luxurious
by means of today's trendy however sufficiently lower priced for big businesses to personal and do
their personal in-residence computing.

Second generation

The second one era of personal computers started in 1965 with the advent of the microprocessor. By
the 1980s, it became in full bloom with the proliferation of the low-fee apple i and ii and the IBM
non-public computer, or pc. The creation of VisiCalc spreadsheet software empowered everyday
employees with the capability to do duties that businesses paid large sums to do 10 years earlier.

Third generation

As computing energy and autonomy devolved to ordinary employees inside the eighties, a
simultaneous want arose to percentage laptop records with different personnel within the commercial
enterprise agency. This want advanced the transition to the 0.33 generation MIS consumer/server
networks. Employees in any respect degrees of the company ought to percentage information in a
variety of formats through computer terminals related to pc servers over common networks referred to
as intranets.

Fourth generation
The fourth generation, enterprise computing, consolidated disparate unmarried-utility software
applications used by exclusive departments onto one incorporated corporation platform that changed
into accessed over high speed networks. Corporation software solutions integrate crucial business
operations, marketing and income, accounting, finance, human sources, inventory and manufacturing,
to harmonize paintings and facilitate cooperation across the entire corporation. Even though the utility
modules used and records accessed vary by means of departments and levels of authority,
organisation computing permits a 360-degree view of the complete commercial enterprise operation.
Fifth generation
The exponential increase in net bandwidth consumption is ushering in the 5th technology of MIS,
cloud computing. In line with CISCO systems, global net traffic is predicted to attain 2 zettabytes
annually by way of 2019. For context, one zettabyte equals 1,000 exabytes, and one exabyte equals 1
billion gigabytes. Cloud computing unchains all people from office sure desktops, permitting get entry
to company MIS from anywhere with cell devices.

The fifth technology is also the time of the know-how worker's ascendancy. As decision making
pushes to the lowest degrees of agencies, MIS is predicted to increasingly more empower people not
handiest as manufacturers of statistics however also as clients of the same records. In impact,
knowledge workers, as manufacturers and clients of MIS data, will decide precisely what facts MIS
generates.

Some years before he died, control guru Peter Drucker proclaimed the maximum crucial contribution
control ought to make inside the 21st century is to increase the productivity of the knowledge worker
by means of abandoning the command and manage management fashion of the twentieth century and
accepting the inevitability of worker autonomy.

Why MIS?

The idea of the MIS has developed over a time frame comprising many specific facets of the
organizational feature. MIS is a necessity in all of the organizations. The preliminary concept of MIS
become to manner the records to be had in the company and gift it in the form of reports at everyday
intervals. The machine became largely able to dealing with the facts from series to processing. It
became more impersonal, requiring each individual to choose and choose the processed facts and use
it for his requirements. This 3 idea become further changed whilst a difference was made among
records and facts. Records is a product of an analysis of records. This concept is much like a raw
fabric and the completed product. However, statistics can be analyzed in a number of methods,
generating one of a kind sun shades and specifications of the facts as a product. It changed into,
therefore, demanded that the machine idea be an character-oriented, as each man or woman may
additionally have a one of a kind orientation in the direction of the records.

This concept became further changed, that the machine need to gift records in this type of shape and
layout that it creates an impact on its user, provoking a choice or an investigation. It became later
realized then even though such an impact was a welcome amendment, a few kind of selective
technique was necessary in evaluation and reporting. For this reason, the concept of exception
reporting turned into imbibed in MIS. The norm for an exception turned into important to conform
within the enterprise. The idea remained valid until and to the volume that the norm for an exception
remained proper and effective. For the reason that surroundings turns competitive and is ever
converting, fixation of the norm for an exception becomes a futile exercising as a minimum for the
people within the higher echelons of the company. The idea become then developed that the system
ought to be capable of handling a need primarily based exception reporting. This need maybe either of
an individual or a collection of human beings. This referred to as for preserving all records
collectively in one of these form that it can be accessed by everyone and can be processed to match
his needs. The concept is that the information is one but it may be viewed by way of specific
individuals in distinct approaches.

Over a time frame, while these conceptual trends have been taking region, the concept of give up
person computing using more than one databases emerged. This concept introduced a 4 essential
change in MIS. The alternate become decentralization of the device and the person of the information
becoming independent of computer professionals. When this turns into a truth, the idea of MIS
modified to a choice making machine. The job in the laptop department is to control the statistics
resource and leave the assignment of statistics processing to the consumer. The idea of MIS in these
day’s international is a machine which handles the databases offers computing facilities to the give up
consumer and offers a selection of decision making gear to the person of the device and also enables
the residents / beneficiaries to apply the MIS from external supply and connect with corporation.

The idea of MIS gives high regard to the character and his potential to apply records. MIS gives
statistics thru records evaluation. Whilst reading the information, it relies on many academic
disciplines. These include the theories, principles and ideas from the control technological know-how,
psychology and human behaviour, making the MIS greater effective and useful. Those educational
disciplines are used in designing the MIS, evolving the decision guide tools for modelling and
decision making.

The foundation of MIS is the concepts of control and its practices. The concept of control records
gadget can be developed for a particular objective if it is developed after systematic making plans and
layout. It requires an analysis of a business, management perspectives & guidelines, employer
subculture and the control style. Statistics have to be generated on this setting and need to be
beneficial in dealing with the enterprise. This is possible simplest when it is conceptualized as a
machine with the right layout. MIS, consequently, is based closely at the structures concept and offers
solutions to deal with the complicated situations of the input and output flows. It uses theories of
conversation which helps to evolve a machine layout capable of coping with information inputs,
manner, and outputs with the least viable noise or distortion in transmitting the facts shape a supply to
a destination. It makes use of the ideas of machine design, viz., an capacity of non-stop adjustment or
correction in the device consistent with the environmental alternate in which the MIS operates. This
type of design help to maintain the MIS tuned with the enterprise managements desires of the
business enterprise.

The concept, therefore, is a mix of principle, theories and practices of the management, data and
system giving upward thrust to single product referred to as control records system (MIS).

Impact of MIS on an organization

Because the MIS performs a very important role in the organization, it creates an effect on the
enterprise’s features, overall performance and productivity. With properly assist, the 9 management of
advertising and marketing, finance, manufacturing and employees come to be extra efficient. The
tracking and tracking of the purposeful objectives will become smooth. The functional, managers are
informed approximately the development, achievements and shortfalls in the in all likelihood trends
inside the various aspects of business. This facilitates in forecasting and long time angle making
plans. The manager’s attention is introduced to a state of affairs which is wonderful in nature,
inducing him to take an motion or a choice inside the rely. A disciplined information reporting
machine creates a dependent statistics and a expertise base for all the humans within the employer.
The information is to be had in any such form that it may be used right now or by using blending
evaluation, saving the supervisor’s precious time.

MIS creates every other impact within the business enterprise which pertains to the understanding of
the enterprise itself. MIS begins with the definition of a facts entity and its attributes. It makes use of a
dictionary of statistics, entity and attributes, respectively, designed for data era within the
organisation. In view that all the records machine use the dictionary, there may be commonplace
information of terms and terminology within the business enterprise brining clarity within the
communiqué and a comparable knowledge throughout the enterprise. MIS calls for a systemization of
the business operation for an affective system layout.

A well designed device with attention on the manger makes an impact on the managerial
performance. The fund of data motivates an enlightened manger to use a selection of tools of
management. It allows him to resort to such sporting activities as experimentation and modelling.
Using computer systems permits him to apply the tools techniques which can be not possible to apply
manually.
1.3 What is MIS?
Information system is concept and combination of three words:

Management: it means to manage information in a organize manner to make information useful.

Information: information refers to collected, organized and meaningful data.

System: a system means co-related components which works together for a same goal.
In control facts machine statistics manager or database supervisor command all management records
machine and they related to entire device, with out them a system can't perform or paintings. A
relation between a management information system and a database manager or information manager
show by a figure as below:

Definition

Sekhar, 2007 defined management records machine as "a system that collects and procedures facts
(information) and gives it to managers in any respect degrees, who use it for choice making, making
plans, software implementation and manage."

An records machine contains of all the additives that accumulate, manage, and disseminate facts or
facts. It usually consists of hardware, software, people, verbal exchange systems which includes
telephone traces, and the statistics itself consistent with Laudon and Laudon, 2003 in their e book
management statistics systems, an facts machine is "a hard and fast of methods that collects (or
retrieves), approaches, stores, and disseminates facts to assist decision making and manage."

In most instances, records systems are formal, pc based totally systems that play an essential role in
agencies. Despite the fact that statistics systems are laptop based, it's far crucial to notice that any old
pc or software program application isn't necessarily an data system. "electronic computer systems and
related software program applications are the technical basis, the gear and materials, of present day
facts structures," Laudon and Laudon, wrote.
O'brien, 2004 described that MIS produces, pre-specific reviews, displays, and reposes on a periodic,
exception, demand or push reporting basis. A MIS offer information in the shape of file and assist
enterprise decision making.

Computer information system:

Earlier than the nineteen eighties the facts device is typically labelled as a gadget for records
processing or computing gadget governing (MIS). Gadget information processing was oriented closer
to conquest, processing, booking (storage) statistics, whilst MIS (control information device) is
directed in the direction of utilization of information to create facts governance. In line with Kukaji
brahim (2005) computer system enables decision makers in ways:

“help managers within the decision-making method by means of supplying the vital facts”.
information system in a few cases can also even take selections independently in situations
which are repeated while the deployment system does now not exchange, i.e. In this example range
handiest incoming variables. Via Jameso.Hicks, Jr (2003) nowadays, the time period typically refers
back to the device that provides periodic statistics on occasions not unusual and predictable enterprise.
This system creates input data regarding regular enterprise activities for centre level managers and
pinnacle that (pinnacle managers). In addition they called different management report structures.
Impact of recent era and new statistics at the future of humans is not most effective in sporting out
physical however also intellectual works. Consistent with Ramosaj Berim (1993) the principle
capabilities that make up the essence of management as a manner in current company are: planning,
organizing, staffing, leading and controlling.

For the reason that managers are accountable for placing goals, they ought to make selections that
permit their success, and people selections referring to activities as following:

o Preparation of strategic goals

o Manipulate the implementation of strategic choices
o The company of responsibilities
o Definition of responsibilities and resources associated with the appearance of their
use;
o Coordination and supervision of employees and executives
o Detection and correction of problems in the event that they arise.

Provide timely and applicable data needed concerning the performance of those sports is of precise
importance to managers in each of the mentioned degrees of control. Only thanks to these statistics
manager can take satisfactory selections.

V. Srica (n.d) mentions three stages of presidency and that the operational, tactical and strategic
framework in which obligations are accomplished governing device of planning and control at all
stages with the assist of facts gadget.

Difference between a management information system and computer information system

The most of the people think and suppose that a management statistics device and a computer
statistics machine each are the identical idea but there's a little bit distinction in both principles: the
fundamental difference among MIS and CIS is the source of the information.

Management of information systems handles information from all resources whether

or not they are inner to an corporation or external or from any form of supply like individual or from
computer.

Computer information systems is a chunk greater technical and strictly relate to

computers and the way the contemporary employer uses the internal computer system.
MIS and CIS have a prime distinction but each MIS and CIS are related and joined to each different
in a respective manner that CIS is a part of MIS and allows in numerous type of work which
associated with MIS.

1.4 Need of MIS

 Information systems are computer based systems that assist business’ perform extra correctly
and efficiently.
 They are sets of computer components that deliver out records quickly, without problems, and
with any luck correctly.
 Facilitates a business perform its characteristic greater successfully.
 It could help a enterprise in countless methods. Delivery, procedure, and display data at
speeds that have been as soon as unachievable.
 They can be beneficial in practically each element of business.
 Extremely powerful approaches for a enterprise to attain it’s customers. All and sundry with a
pc can get product records, and order most some thing from the comfort in their home.
 Internally, it provide a handy way to organize budget, develop method, and facilitate
employee conversation.
 It's miles viable for a commercial enterprise to continue to exist with none form of it, however
in today’s technologically advanced global it'd be extremely tough to compete with out one.
 From a client standpoint, it make the whole thing less difficult. From getting bank stability
from a pc over the smart-phone, to bar code scanners on the grocery store, make life less
difficult.
 From a logistics viewpoint, structures like stock manage is have made the time consuming
venture of counting stock out of date.

Purpose of MIS
Management information systems plays a very important role in business. The purpose of an
information system is to
 Collect information,
 Store information
 Retrieve information,
 Process information,
 Distribute information.
MIS enables the management at various levels and it is a way of communication where data are
gathered, processed, stores and retrieved later for making choice concerning planning, operation and
control of an organization. Decision making is an critical requirement in every agency, wherein in
there are exceptional forms of information obtained from special useful regions of management like
finance, marketing, manufacturing, personnel, planning and manipulate etc.
Purpose
The overall motive of MIS is to provide profitability and related data to assist managers and body of
workers recognize enterprise performance and plan its destiny route.
 MIS is constantly control oriented and maintains in view every degree of
- as each corporation makes log-term and short-time period plans with control and
gets the preferred data.
 Integrated - refers to how diff additives (sub structures) are truly tied up together. Eg: diff
departments of enterprise connected collectively.
 Useful for planning the help of information like income & manufacturing, capital
investments, stocks and so forth management can easily plan..
 Effective MIS helps the control to know deviations of actual performance from pre-set
objectives and manipulate matters.
 Its crucial for growing performance.
 MIS affords updated results of diverse departments to control.
 MIS is extraordinarily automatic so it gives correct consequences.
  MIS adds to the intelligence, alertness, consciousness of managers via providing them facts
inside the shape of development and evaluation reports of an ongoing hobby.
 Helps managers in decision- making

Objective
 To improve efficiency of organization
 To reduce cost of operations
 To offer reliable data
 To provide choice support device
 To reduce human elements to keep away from mistakes and errors
 To lessen wastages in device
 To avoid duplication of labour
 To assess performance of business enterprise
 To manipulate resources successfully
 To create information

1.5 contemporary approach to MIS.

 Computer science which mattered maximum as regards the designing and development of
information device. The theory of computing, records storage, networking and so on changed
into the point of interest of interest. The inherent electricity of computer device is in sporting
out the dependent responsibilities in extra green manner
 The control science joined hand to make the pc information gadget more powerful. The
management science theories and fashions had their effect at the facts machine
 Sociology- commercial enterprise agencies are monetary social companies, wherein the
individuals come and work together with a commonplace purpose. The people and businesses
in agency follow certain way to carry on the activity, they posses positive values, ideals and
feature particular thoughts set. Consequently ,people and institution have their affect on
shaping up the data device.
 Psychology- this issue refers to the human functionality to understand and use formal
information in choice making procedure. It refers to cognitive capability of human beings.
The person as well as institution psychology too has its have an impact on the records
generation, software program capabilities and banks economic energy all changed into in
favour of bank going for complete-fledged ATM networks. But in truly, except in foremost
cities, banks could not enforce their selection. The motive was Indian psyche; we Indians at
big are still not in favour of plastic cash.
 Operation studies gave its contribution in enriching the statistics system to handle extra
complicated troubles. The or techniques consisting of linear programming, game principle ,
transportation problems, fuzzy good judgment and many others helped to enhance abilities of
records machine.
 Economic system- what is the impact of facts gadget impact on fee and manage shape of an
company economic feel prevails at business enterprise if now not in all. Therefore,
mathematics of economy plays essential position in shaping up the facts machine of the
commercial enterprise company.
For this reason, the competitiveness of the company is immediately associated with
companies data/records processing energy i.e. Capture, remodel, communiqué of statistics
quicker the better.
Firm of the present age no longer best acquire and analyze facts quicker but they take
advantage of it for there benefit. Possession of information may additionally yield strategic
possibilities.

1.6 Information as strategic resource

  Possession of updated information and extremely good records processing capability is the
important thing success factors of today’s corporation.

 Liberalization, privatization, globalization has further stronger the importance of need of

information. Growing opposition has harassed the need of better and brief facts. That’s
manner why we declare we stay in records age.
 To survive, be successful and prosper one has to have better know-how about strategies about
charges, fees, era, productivity, global market, new product traits, financial system, r&d and
many others. Are there thing are so unstable that any lenience in any of those factors may
additionally prove of deadly consequences to today’s corporation.
 Due to the fact to enhance one have to understand how far we are from the favoured path and
the way effectively we are able to attain there. In other words, we ought to be in a position to
degree, examine and examine the scenario and take advantage of it in our favour. It's been
said that if you may measure, then you could manage
 These days’ enterprise is exceedingly influenced through strategies and counter strategies.
 Organisation dynamics is the key phrase. Company techniques need now not only be initiated
first however to be accompanied and pursued and corrected earlier than your rival does it.
Here comes the need of better fashioned information.
 Competitiveness of the company is directly proportional to companies statistics owning
energy.
 These days companies no longer best accumulate and examine statistics but they make the
most this capability for its aggressive advantage.

1.7 Use of information for competitive advantage.

 Information helps to update traditional- snail tempo- way of doing the matters.
 Differentiation performs essential position in opposition – which may be well carried out with
statistics- it can be product ,fee, quality, services, marketplace, charge, fee addition thorough
reengineering, studies & improvement etc.
 Information helps complete evaluation of problem, and improves satisfactory of choice-
making technique.
 Allows in all management capabilities which unleashes the hidden electricity of the business
enterprise, and assist deal with weakness of the organisation.
 Information allows the approach “assume globally, act locally”
 Records unveils the strategic opportunities and threats.
 Facts offers flexibility in approach.
 Records hurries up the reaction time.
 Facts brings in development in cycle time and shipping time.
 Information can itself acts as a cost adding aspect.
 Records gives an ability to stay seasoned-lively
 Information is a key in operational planning and manage
 Elevating barriers to access- funding in complex structures create access barrier
 Locking in customers and materials – strengthening business relationships thru intranet.

1.8 MIS as an instrument for the organizational change

What' is change?

As in step with Alvin Toffler“ the process by which future invades our present and our lives.
Existence lives the present and includes the hopes of the destiny. Faster the hopes are become fact,
extra delight and sense of success. Faster the pass with the time and even the remote future- hopes-
comes inside life’s attain. Therefore, trade is the hyperlink between the existing and the destiny”
MIS& organization exchange :

 MIS may have a massive impact at the inner appearance of organization of future. MIS will
result in reduced hierarchy as fewer manages could be required to behave as conduits of
statistics
 The organization could no longer be functioning based totally on “cornered facts’ but could
have ‘shared statistics’
 MIS could boost up restructuring of work-flows, giving new powers to both line and body of
workers functionaries.
 The authority would be based more on expertise and merit than seniority.
 The way of life of the organization, could tend to turn out to be overall performance
orientated.
 MIS would make the enterprise way of life greater open and aggressive and the organizational
shape more flexible, delaying the organization
 MIS& it'd trade the “method’ 7 ‘products’ & might lead to separation of labor from place-
making geography, a records
 With the business enterprise transferring towards end result/overall performance orientation,
decisions would need to be records-primarily based and analytical in the backup of broader
view and context
 The want for acquiring know-how could lead to information people and studying businesses.
 Complements collaborative paintings and teamwork, decline in the control price. A couple of
obligations can be labored on simultaneously from distinctive region.
 Leading to empowerment. People and agencies have the facts and information to etc.
Business system can be streamlined. Control fee declines. Hierarchy and centralization
decreases – matrix business enterprise
 Transportable computing- virtual agency. Work is not tied with bodily vicinity.
Knowledge and records can be brought anywhere they're needed, every time. Work becomes
transportable.
 Multimedia &photographs interface- accessibility- will become easiest, even seniors can get
entry to the data. Organizational price decreases as workflow actions from paper to digital
photo, report, and voice. Complex expertise objects may be made less difficult to understand.
 Modifications in an company could range from atomization of its sports to paradigm
adjustments.

1.9 Strategic management information system

The strategic management records device (SMIS) with incorporated technique as a one in all
technique to obtain the functionality facts machine for company such land management. But, have to
difficulty several trouble which include combine prison and institutional infrastructures; governance
& move-authorities collaboration; shape and cultural control; and statistics security; from
implementation of spatial facts infrastructure for land administration statistics machine at national
level. The result from strategic grid analysis figuring out four main elements in SMIS (human-
targeted vs. Technology-based totally; approach to corporate strategy; alignment angle; and
sustainable aggressive benefit). And make as a guide for strategic statistics systems want to
adjustment or converting or do away with from strategic plan specially to improve land delivery
services gadget and choice maker in land administration closer to obtain 'the triple backside line' and
spatially permitting authorities. The findings of this studies could be help to top-control of land
administration, selection makers and researcher.

Summary

MIS is the acronym for Management Information System. It is a collection of people, procedures,
data, and information technology that aids managers to make informed decisions.
Computerized information systems are more efficient compared to manual information systems.
Manual information systems are cheaper compared to computerized information systems.

Transaction processing systems (TPS) are by operational staff to record day to day business
transactions, and they are used to make structured decisions

Management Information Systems (MIS) are used by middle-level managers to make semi-structured
decisions

Decision Support Systems are used by top level managers, and they help top level managers to make
unstructured decisions.

Questions :

1. Explain MIS with its organizational structure in detail.

2. Difference between a management information system and computer information system
3. What are the need of MIS? And what are the purposes and uses of it?
4. Explain contemporary approaches to MIS.
5. What are the components and resources of is?
6. Explain information as strategic resource.
7. Explain use of information for comparative advantages.
8. Explain MIS as a instrument for organizational changes.
9. Describe concept of strategic management information system