Q1

I Test for poly and monosaccharide (Starch and Glucose)

Procedure:
A.Detection of starch:
Iodine test:
1. Take 1ml of given sample in a clean test tube.
2. Add one drop of 1% iodine solution to this and mix well.
3. The appearance of dark blue color indicates the presence of starch.

B.Detection of glucose:
Moore’s test:
1. Take 1ml of given sample in a clean test tube.
2. Add 1ml of 2%NaOH.
3. Keep the test tube in the boiling water bath.
4. The appearance of yellow and reddish brown color indicates the presence
of glucose.

Significance:
Starch and glucose are carbohydrates while starch is polysaccharide, the
glucose is a monosaccharide.Our food mostly contains starch.During the digestion, the
starch is hydrolysed into glucose.It happens by the action of amylase and maltase present in
the alimentary canal.

Table:
Test Sample Observation Inference
A Dark blue color appears Presence of starch
Iodine &
Moore’s B Yellow reddish brown color Presence of glucose
appears
Test C No color change Absence of starch & glucose

Result:
The given food sample A contains starch.
The given food sample B contains glucose.

1
II D.Test for protein
Food sample + Ninhydrin solution Boil,Cool Bluish color

Table:
Sample Test Observation Inference
D Ninhydrin test Bluish color appears Presence of protein
Result:
The given food sample D contains protein. (OR)

II D.Test for lipids

Food sample + 5% NaOH Soapy solution

Table:
Sample Test Observation Inference
D Saponification test Soapy solution appears Presence of lipids
Result:
The given food sample D contains lipid.

II. Test for urea

Sample + Horse gram powder + Nessler’s reagent Pink precipitate

Table:
Sample Test Observation Inference
E Nessler’s test Pink precipitate appears Presence of urea
F Nessler’s test No pink precipitate Absence of urea
Result:
The given sample E contains urea. (OR)

II. Test for urea

Sample + Horse gram powder + Phenol red solution Red precipitate

Table:
Sample Test Observation Inference
E Phenol red test Red precipitate appears Presence of urea
F Phenol red test No red precipitate Absence of urea

Result: The given sample E contains urea.

2
III G.Entamoeba histolytica
Identification:
The given slide is identified as Entamoeba histolytica.

Comments:
1. It is an endoparasitic protozoans.
2. Its infestation causes amoebiasis.
3. The mature,active adult organism is called as trophozoite.
4. It usually lives in the lumen of the intestine.

(OR)
III G.Longitudinal section of human kidney
Identification:
The given model is identified as the L.S. of human kidney.

Comments:
1) Kidney is the principal excretory organ.
2) Kidneys are paired structures present in the lumbar region.
3) Each kidney is a dark reddish and bean shaped structure.
4) The kidney is surrounded by a tough transparent membrane called the
capsule.

3
III H.Antiseptic lotions
Identification:
The given drug is identified as antiseptic lotions.

Comments:
1. The antiseptics are agents that inhibit the growth of microorganisms such
as bacteria and viruses.
2. The importance of antiseptics in surgery was first mentioned by Sir
Joseph Lister in 1860.
3. Antiseptics are also used for abrasions and cuts.
4. Dettol and Savlon are widely available in the market.

4
 Q2
I Test for poly and monosaccharide (Starch and Glucose)
Procedure:
A.Detection of starch:
Iodine test:
1. Take 1ml of given sample in a clean test tube.
2. Add one drop of 1% iodine solution to this and mix well.
3. The appearance of dark blue color indicates the presence of starch.

B.Detection of glucose:
Moore’s test:
1. Take 1ml of given sample in a clean test tube.
2. Add 1ml of 2%NaOH.
3. Keep the test tube in the boiling water bath.
4. The appearance of yellow and reddish brown color indicates the presence
of glucose.

Significance:
Starch and glucose are carbohydrates while starch is polysaccharide, the
glucose is a monosaccharide.Our food mostly contains starch.During the digestion, the
starch is hydrolysed into glucose.It happens by the action of amylase and maltase present in
the alimentary canal.

Table:
Test Sample Observation Inference
A Yellow reddish brown color Presence of glucose
Iodine &
appears
Moore’s B Dark blue color appears Presence of starch
C No color change Absence of starch & glucose
Test
Result:
The given food sample A contains glucose.
The given food sample B contains starch.

5
II D.Test for protein
Food sample + Ninhydrin solution Boil,Cool Bluish color

Table:
Sample Test Observation Inference
D Ninhydrin test Bluish color appears Presence of protein
Result:
The given food sample D contains protein. (OR)

II D.Test for lipids

Food sample + 5% NaOH Soapy solution

Table:
Sample Test Observation Inference
D Saponification test Soapy solution appears Presence of lipids
Result:
The given food sample D contains lipid.

II Test for urea

Sample + Horse gram powder + Nessler’s reagent Pink precipitate

Table:
Sample Test Observation Inference
E Nessler’s test No pink precipitate Absence of urea
F Nessler’s test Pink precipitate appears Presence of urea
Result:
The given sample F contains urea. (OR)

II Test for urea

Sample + Horse gram powder + Phenol red solution Red precipitate

Table:
Sample Test Observation Inference
E Phenol red test No red precipitate Absence of urea
F Phenol red test Red precipitate appears Presence of urea
Result: The given sample F contains urea.

6
III G.Red blood cells or Erythrocytes
Identification:
The given slide is identified as the blood of human with red blood corpuscles.

Comments:
1. Erythrocytes are circular,biconcave,discoidal and non nucleated cells.
2. Its diameter is 7.2 micron.
3. The RBC is made up of a spongy substance called stroma.
4. The RBCs contain haemoglobin.

Red blood cells or Erythrocytes

(OR)
III G.Lateral view of the human brain
Identification:
The given model is identified as the lateral view of the human brain.

Comments:
1) The brain is located in the cranial cavity.
2) It weighs about 1.36 kg.
3) The brain is covered by 3 meninges namely the outer duramater,the
middle arachnoid and the inner piamater.
4) The brain is divisible into forebrain,mid brain and hind brain.

7
 Lateral view of the human brain

III H.Eye drop bottle

Identification:
The given drug is identified as an eye drop bottle having antibiotic fluid.

Comments:
1. The eye drops are antibiotics and available as antibacterials,antifungals
and antivirals.
2. Eye drops are used against allergy, conjunctivitis,glaucoma and
inflammations.
3. The tip of the dropper should not be touched.
4. The eye drops,prescribed by the qualified doctors,should be used.

Eye drop bottle

8
 Q3
I Test for poly and monosaccharide (Starch and Glucose)
Procedure:
A.Detection of starch:
Iodine test:
1. Take 1ml of given sample in a clean test tube.
2. Add one drop of 1% iodine solution to this and mix well.
3. The appearance of dark blue color indicates the presence of starch.

B.Detection of glucose:
Moore’s test:
1. Take 1ml of given sample in a clean test tube.
2. Add 1ml of 2%NaOH.
3. Keep the test tube in the boiling water bath.
4. The appearance of yellow and reddish brown color indicates the presence
of glucose.

Significance:
Starch and glucose are carbohydrates while starch is polysaccharide, the
glucose is a monosaccharide.Our food mostly contains starch.During the digestion, the
starch is hydrolysed into glucose.It happens by the action of amylase and maltase present in
the alimentary canal.

Table:
Test Sample Observation Inference
A No color change Absence of starch & glucose
Iodine &
B Dark blue color appears Presence of starch
Moore’s test C Yellow reddish brown color Presence of glucose
appears

Result:
The given food sample B contains starch.
The given food sample C contains glucose.

9
II D.Test for protein
Food sample + Ninhydrin solution Boil,Cool Bluish color

Table:
Sample Test Observation Inference
D Ninhydrin test Bluish color appears Presence of protein
Result:
The given food sample D contains protein. (OR)

II D.Test for lipids

Food sample + 5% NaOH Soapy solution

Table:
Sample Test Observation Inference
D Saponification test Soapy solution appears Presence of lipids
Result:
The given food sample D contains lipid.

II. Test for urea

Sample + Horse gram powder + Nessler’s reagent Pink precipitate

Table:
Sample Test Observation Inference
E Nessler’s test Pink precipitate appears Presence of urea
F Nessler’s test No pink precipitate Absence of urea
Result:
The given sample E contains urea. (OR)

II. Test for urea

Sample + Horse gram powder + Phenol red solution Red precipitate

Table:
Sample Test Observation Inference
E Phenol red test Red precipitate appears Presence of urea
F Phenol red test No red precipitate Absence of urea

Result: The given sample E contains urea.

10
III G.Scolex of tapeworm
Identification:
The given slide is identified as the scolex of tapeworm.

Comments:
1. The pork tapeworm,Taenia solium is a common inhabitant of the human
intestine.
2. The animal is attached to the wall of the intestine by the head or scolex.
3. The terminal region of the scolex bears a cone shaped projection called
the rostellum.
4. The scolex bears 4 cup shaped suckers or acetabula.

Scolex of tapeworm

(OR)
III G.Cross section of human eye
Identification:
The given model is identified as the c.s of human eye.

Comments:
1) An eye is a photoreceptor organ.
2) The iris has a hole at the center and this opening forms the pupil.
3) The blue, black and brown color of the eye is due to the color of the iris.
4) Retina contains rod and cone cells.

11
 Cross section of human eye

III H.Stethoscope
Identification:
The given instrument is identified as stethoscope.

Comments:
1. The stethoscope is used to hear the sounds of the heart,lungs and
movement of the stomach
2. The stethoscope helps to hear the heart murmurs and also to diagnose
valve functions.
3. Stethoscope helps to compare the overactive or underactive movements
of intestinal tracts.

Stethoscope

12
 Q4
I Test for poly and monosaccharide (Starch and Glucose)
Procedure:
A.Detection of starch:
Iodine test:
1. Take 1ml of given sample in a clean test tube.
2. Add one drop of 1% iodine solution to this and mix well.
3. The appearance of dark blue color indicates the presence of starch.

B.Detection of glucose:
Moore’s test:
1. Take 1ml of given sample in a clean test tube.
2. Add 1ml of 2%NaOH.
3. Keep the test tube in the boiling water bath.
4. The appearance of yellow and reddish brown color indicates the presence
of glucose.

Significance:
Starch and glucose are carbohydrates while starch is polysaccharide, the
glucose is a monosaccharide.Our food mostly contains starch.During the digestion, the
starch is hydrolysed into glucose.It happens by the action of amylase and maltase present in
the alimentary canal.

Table:
Test Sample Observation Inference
A Yellow reddish brown color Presence of glucose
Iodine &
appears
Moore’s B No color change Absence of starch & glucose

Test C Dark blue color appears Presence of starch

Result:
The given food sample A contains glucose.
The given food sample C contains starch.

13
II D.Test for protein
Food sample + Ninhydrin solution Boil,Cool Bluish color

Table:
Sample Test Observation Inference
D Ninhydrin test Bluish color appears Presence of protein
Result:
The given food sample D contains protein. (OR)

II D.Test for lipids

Food sample + 5% NaOH Soapy solution

Table:
Sample Test Observation Inference
D Saponification test Soapy solution appears Presence of lipids
Result:
The given food sample D contains lipid.

II Test for urea

Sample + Horse gram powder + Nessler’s reagent Pink precipitate

Table:
Sample Test Observation Inference
E Nessler’s test No pink precipitate Absence of urea
F Nessler’s test Pink precipitate appears Presence of urea
Result:
The given sample F contains urea. (OR)

II Test for urea

Sample + Horse gram powder + Phenol red solution Red precipitate

Table:
Sample Test Observation Inference
E Phenol red test No red precipitate Absence of urea
F Phenol red test Red precipitate appears Presence of urea
Result: The given sample F contains urea.

14
III G.White blood cells or Leucocytes
Identification:
The given slide is identified as the blood of human with white blood corpuscles.

Comments:
1. WBCs are clear cells lacking haemoglobin.
2. They are nucleated cells exhibiting amoeboid movement.
3. They protect the body against invading microorganisms.
4. The size ranges from 8 microns to 15 microns.

(OR)
III G.Nephron of human kidney
Identification:
The given model is identified as the nephron of human kidney.

Comments:
1) Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney.
2) Each nephron consists of two regions namely the malpighian capsule and
uriniferous tubule.
3) At the malpighian capsule,glomerular filtration takes place.
4) The length of uriniferous tubule is 50 to 60 mm.

15
III H.Stethoscope
Identification:
The given instrument is identified as stethoscope.

Comments:
1. The stethoscope is used to hear the sounds of the heart,lungs and
movement of the stomach
2. The stethoscope helps to hear the heart murmurs and also to diagnose
valve functions.
3. Stethoscope helps to compare the overactive or underactive movements
of intestinal tracts.

16