Class Four Islam

Prescribed by National Curriculum and Textbook Board as a Textbook (Bangla version)
for Class Four from 2004, English version of the book from academic year 2007.
RELIGIOUS STUDIES: ISLAM
Class Four
Written by
Prof. Muhammad Mansurur Rahman
Prof. Muhammad Tamijuddin
Prof. Muhammad Nazrul Islam Khan
Edited by
Prof. A.N.M. Abdul Mannan Khan
Translated by
Md. Abul Kalam Shamsuddin

Deputy Director (Associate Professor of English)
SESIP, Directorate of Secondary & Higher Education
&
Md. Fazlul Haque Khan
Ex-Chairman, Department of Sociology
Jagannath College, Dhaka
NATIONAL CURRICULUM & TEXTBOOK BOARD, DHAKA

Published by
National Curriculum and Textbook Board
69-70, Motijheel Commercial Area, Dhaka-1000.
[All rights reserved by the publisher]

First Print (Bangla version) : September 2005
First Print (English Version) : February 2007
2nd Print (English version) : March 2008
Reprint (English Version) : April 2009
Computer Graphic
Laser Scan Limited
15/2, Topkhana Road, BMA Bhaban.
Cover & Illustrations:
Domion Neoton Pinaru
Picture Coloured by
Ahmed Ullah
Printing Supervision
Md. Hemayet Uddin Howlader
Design
Website version developed by Mars Solutions Limited

Preface
For improving the existing quality of Primary Education in Bangladesh, National Curriculum
and Textbook Board (NCTB) in collaboration with PEDP-2 initiated an extensive program
for development of curriculum and teaching learning materials in 2002. In the light of this
program the curriculum, textbooks and other teaching learning materials of Primary levels
have been prepared, revised and evaluated.
The textbook entitled, 'Religious Studies: Islam' has been prepared on the basis of attainable
competencies for the students of Class Four. The subject matter of the textbook is derived
from the basic issues of Islam familiar to the children through their family practices. This will
facilitate our young learners to know how they can make best use of this religious knowledge
& values in their day-to-day life.
The contents of the book are analyzed and explained in such a manner with practical
examples, illustrations and system of planned activities, that students are inspired to study the
subject with a keen interest.
This book is originally published in Bangla. From this year NCTB is publishing the English
version of the textbook. English is the language of choice in today's globalized world. To
facilitate the verbal and written communication skills of our future citizens and suitably
prepare them for international competition, we decided to translate the original Bangla
textbooks into English. It's pleasant to note that the number of English medium schools in
Bangladesh is increasing very fast. In this context NCTB decided to publish all the textbooks
of Primary level in English. This was a big endeavour for us. Despite our all efforts the first
edition may not be totally error free. However, in the future editions we shall try to remove
all errors and discrepancies.
Finally, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks and gratitude to those who have made
their valuable contributions in writing, editing, evaluating and translating this book. I
sincerely hope that the book will be useful to those for whom it has been prepared.
Prof. Md. Mostafa Kamaluddin

Chairman
Dhaka
Contents
Chapter -I Arabic Letters and words with Zajam 61
Iman and Aqaid 1 Arabic Letters and Words with Tashdeed 62
Who is Allah ? 1 Formation of Arabic words 62
Allah,the Creator 2 To know Madd 64
Allah,the Lord 3 Tajbeed 66
Allah, the All-Powerful 5 Makhraz 66
Allah, the Law-Giver 7 Idgaam 67
Allah, the Peace-Giver 9 Ijhar 68
Kalima Shahadat 10 Sura Al-Fatiha 68
Iman Muzmal 11 Sura An-Nasr 69
Iman Mufassal 12 Sura Al-Lahab 69
Chapter - II Sura Al-Ikhlas 70
Ibadat 24 Chapter - IV
Wuzu (Ablution) 25 Akhlaq (Character) 73
Gusal (Taking bath) 27 To Honour the Parents 74
Ajan (Call to Salat) 29 To Honour the Teachers 76
Iqamat 32 To Honour the Elders and Love the
Tashah-hud 32 Youngers 77
Darood 33 To Behave well with the Neighbours 78
Dua Masura 33 Nursing the Patient 79
Salam 34 Speaking the Truth 81
Munajat 34 Keeping Promise 82
Salat 35 Not to be greedy 83
Ahkams of Salat 35 Not to waste 84
Times of Performing Salat 37 Not to backbite 84
Arkans of Salat 38 Chapter -V
How to offer Salat? 38 Nabi - Rasuls (the Prophets) 93
The Salatul Jumah 40 Life and Ideals of the Greatest Prophet 93
The Rewards for Salatul Jumah 42 Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) 94
The Salatul Eid 43 Names of some other Nabi - Rasuls 99
The Rules of Performing Salatul Eid 44 Hamd-e-Ilahi 100
The Eidul Fitr 44 Na't -e- Rasul (Sm) 101
The Eidul Adha 45
Chapter-III
How to Learn the Qura'n Majid? 49
Arabic Alphabet 50
Different Forms of Arabic Letters 54
Arabic Harafs with harkat and
formation of words 57
Arabic Harafs and words with
Tanbeen 58
Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem
(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficient, the most Merciful)
Islamic Studies
Chapter -I
Iman and Aqaid
The meaning of 'Iman' is faith. As a religion, Islam has

some particular basic aspects of its own. To have faith in these
aspects is called 'Iman'. The aspects which are related to Iman
are called 'Aqaid'. 'Aqaid' is the plural form of 'Aqida'. To
become a true Muslim a man must have pure Iman and Aqaid.
Who is Allah, the Great?
To have Iman, we must know about Allah. Allah is He who

is the creator of the earth, the sky, the sun, the moon and the
stars. He is the creator of water, air, fire and soil. He is the
creator of lakes and rivers, seas and oceans, hills and mountains.
He is the creator of plants and trees, flowers and fruits, woods
and forests. He is the creator of men and women, animals, birds
and insects and all other creatures. Allah is the creator of all
2 Iman and Aqaid
natural things and beings we see on earth. It is He who looks

after us. We will have to return to Him after our death.
Allah is Great. He has no beginning and no end. He is all
Kind and Merciful. We offer our ibadat (loyalty) only to Him.
There is existence of strength in our body, although we can not
see or touch it. We can feel the love of mother but we can not
see it. So is the case with Allah. Allah has His existence but we
can not see Him. He does not have any shape or form. He is one
and unique. He has no partner. There is none who is equal to
Him.
Allah, the Creator
Allahu Khaliqun. Allah is Khaliq. The word 'Khaliq' means

creator. All the things of the universe are created by Allah. He is
Religious Studies: Islam 3
Great. The sun and the moon give us light. Rain falls from the
clouds in the sky. Crops and vegetables grow in the fields. We
get food from them. Other creatures also get food from them.
All these are the creations of Allah.
We live in an environment. This environment is created with the
sun, the moon, rivers, hills and mountains, plants and trees.
There are also flowers and fruits, animals, birds and insects in
our environment. We have to keep our environment neat and
clean and beautiful. We shall make a beautiful life. All the
things in the sky and on earth are the creations of Allah. We live
by His kindness. He brings us up. He is most merciful.
Allah, the Lord
Allahu Malikun. Allah is Malik. Malik means lord. Allah is the

lord of all things and beings. He is the Owner of everything.
The Qura'n Majid says, "Allah is the Supreme Owner of all
the things of heaven and earth." We see many big and small
creatures. They are spread all around us.
There are many small creatures like tiny sparrows, ants and
other insects. There are also other creatures which are smaller
than them. We can not even see them with our eyes.
Cows, buffaloes, elephants, camels and many other big animals
4 Iman and Aqaid
are there on earth. Again, there are so many mines of coal, gas
and petrol under earth. These are also the creations of Allah.
There are various kinds of fishes in our rivers, lakes, canals and
ponds. There are whales, sharks, hippopotamus, crocodiles,
dolphins and many other big and small creatures in the seas. We
see big and small trees and plants, flowers and fruits and so
many animals and birds in the forests.
Whatever we see in this world belongs to Allah. In the sky, we

see the sun, the moon, the planets and galaxy of stars. There are
also planets, minor planets satellites, milky way, nebula etc. in
the sky. There are stars which are million times bigger than this
vast world. Clouds of various colours float in the sky. The seven
skies are placed layer by layer in the vast space.
Allah is the Lord of all the things in the sky. He has created all
these only for us. We are human beings. Allah is our Lord. He
brings up all human beings Death of man happens according to
His will. No one can stop Him if He wants someone to die. He
is also the Lord of our life and our weal and woe. There is no
partner in His domain. There is no end of His Lordship.
We believe:
Allah is the Lord of our wealth and property.
Allah is the Supreme Lord of this earth and sky.
Allah is the Lord of our body and soul.
Allah is the Lord of our weal and woe.
Allah, the All-Powerful
Allahu Qadeerun. Allah is Qadeer. Qadeer means All-Powerful.

Allah is All-Powerful. Everyday we see the golden and beautiful
morning. Everyday the sun rises making the east colourful and sets
in the west at the end of the day. Gradually night falls. Darkness
covers everything around us. Who brings about these changes? It is
Allah, Who is All-Powerful, brings about these changes. He is the
6 Iman and Aqaid
owner of unlimited power. He has the power to do everything.

We need light, air and water for our living. No creature can live
without light, water and air. Even plants and trees cannot live
without them.
Allah gives us necessary light, air and water for our living.
Again, somtimes this light, air and water go against us. They
cause harm to us at the command of Allah.
We see in the month of Baishakh that suddenly dark clouds
cover the north-west side of the sky. Then within a few
moments the entire sky is covered with darkness.
It brings terrible storms. Big trees and plants are uprooted, and
houses are destroyed. Everything is overturned within a short
time.
Again, sometimes excessive flood washes away trees, cattle,
poultry and houses along with it. At this, many people and other
creatures die. All these happen at the will of Allah. He has the
supreme ownership over light, air, water and all the things and
beings. Farmers sow seeds on the soil but they have no power to
grow saplings. Actually saplings grow and develop with grains
and crops under the power of Allah.
If Allah, the Great, wishes to do good to anybody, no one can

harm him. If He wishes to punish someone, nobody can resist
Him from doing so.
Allah is All-Powerful. There is none who is as powerful as He
is.
Allah, the Law-Giver
Allahu Hakimun. Allah is Hakim. Hakim means the law-

giver as well as the giver of commands. Allah is the Law-Giver
and Giver of orders. He is the only owner to order and forbid.
No one has the right to prescribe law for us, and order or forbid
us except Allah.
The things and beings which we see around us are created by
8 Iman and Aqaid
Allah. He has also created other things and beings which we can
not see. Men and women, birds and beasts, plants and trees, hills
and mountains, rivers and lakes-all things have been created by
Him. The sun, the moon, the galaxy of stars, clouds all are His
creations. We can see these things. He has also created angels
and jinns (a kind of supernatural beings). We can not see them.
Allah has created everything for the good of mankind. At His
order the sun rises in the east, gives light and heat. Then it sets
down in the west at the end of the day. Then darkness covers the
earth and night falls. At His order clouds float in the sky. Rain
falls and crops grow in the fields. Again, the cow gives milk, the
horse pulls the cart, the camel works like the ship of desert. All
of them obey the orders of Allah. A child is born in a family and
brought up in it. They are to live along with their kith and kin
and neighbours around.
We shall have to obey the orders of Allah. Thus we all shall
live in peace. We shall not deprive anybody of his rights. We
shall not tell lies or steal anybody's things. Allah has forbidden
us to create dispute and quarrel among us. He has forbidden us
to create indiscipline and disorder in society. We shall lead our
life according to His law and order. We will be obedient to
Allah and pray to Him according to the law and order given by
Him.
We believe that Allah is the sole Owner of everything. He says, "Allah

is the only Owner of giving law and order." We shall obey only the
orders given by Him.
Allah, the Peace -Giver
Allahu Salamun. Allah is Salam. Salam means peace. Allah

is the Peace - Giver. We go to school everyday. We are regular
students of the school. We read books. We write with pen in our
exercise book. Sometimes, we lose our books or pencils. Then
we become sad. When we find them we feel happy. Sometimes,
we become ill and feel unhappy. Then we don't like to do
anything. After that we recover by the grace of Allah, and we
get peace of mind.
Our family consists of grand-parents, parents, brothers and
sisters. Some time they fall in troubles. They have to face bad
situations. Then we become anxious. We pray to Allah. Allah
removes our troubles and we become happy. Wealth and
property cannot give us peace. Long time ago there was a man
named Karun. He had unlimited wealth and riches. But he was
not at all grateful to Allah in spite of so much wealth. He did not
obey His orders. At last, Allah, the Almighty, ruined him.
Thousands of years ago there were two kings named
Namrud and Feraun (Pharaoh). They were kings of vast
kingdoms. They claimed themselves to be the gods. But Allah,
the Almighty, destroyed them both.
10 Iman and Aqaid
Allah is the Giver of peace and happiness. He gets peace of

mind whom Allah gives it. He gets peace even if he lives in a
hut. He gets peace even he is in wants. It is only Allah Who is
the owner of peace. Those who obey His orders get peace and
happiness here and hereafter. We have to pray only to Allah for
our peace and happiness.
Kalima Shahadat (The Statement of Testimony)
Kalimatu Shahadatin. Kalima means sentence or saying or

statement. Shahadat means giving testimony. Kalima Shahadat
means the statement of giving testimony. Through this Kalima
we express our obedience to one Allah and we testify that
Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) is His Nabi and Rasul. Thus we take
Iman, and we become believers (Mumin) and Muslims. We
believe: Allah is our Creator, Sustainer and Protector. He is
Almighty. He is the Peace-Giver. There is no one but Allah is fit
for getting ibadat from us. He is One and Unique. He has no
partner. Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) is His humble Servant. He is
the Nabi and Rasul of Allah. Allah gives us food, peace and
happiness. In Kalima Shahadat we admit Allah and give
testimony of our Iman (faith) in Allah . We recognise Him. We
also take Iman in His Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm).
Kalima Shahadat
Ash-hadu Allaa-ilaha-illallahu
wahdahu
Laasharika lahu wa-ash hadu anna
Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluhu.

There are two parts in Kalima Shahadat:

Part-I: Ash-hadu allaa-ilaha-illallahu wahdahu laa sharikalahu.
Meaning: I give testimony that there is no Lord but Allah Who
is One and Who has no partner.
Part-II: Wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluhu.
Meaning: And I further give testimony that Muhammad (Sm) is
His Slave and Prophet.
What we have learnt in Kalima Shahadat: There is none but
Allah is fit for getting ibadat from us. Allah is One and Unique.
He has no partner.
We have also learnt: Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) is His dearest
servant and Rasul. He is our model and guide to the right path.
The Prophet (Sm) has shown us the way to please Allah.
Iman Muzmal (Faith in brief)
We believe that Allah is One and Unique. He is the Owner

of all beautiful attributes. To believe in Allah, to believe in all
His attributes, to give verbal expression of these beliefs and to
accept all His orders and forbiddings are altogether called
Iman. Iman means faith or belief. Those who accept Iman are
12 Iman and Aqaid
called Mumins or believers.

By Iman we understand:
1. To Believe in Allah and in His attributes at heart.
2. To admit it verbally.
3. To comply with Allah's orders and forbiddings.
To accept these aspects of Iman is called Iman Muzmal.
Muzmal means aspects of Iman (faith) in brief.
Iman Muzmal:
Amantu billaahi kama hua
bi-asma-i-hee-wa sifatihee
wa qabiltu jamiya
Ahkamihee wa arkanihee
Meaning: I believe in Allah as He is and with all His names and

attributes. And I accept all His orders and commands, laws and
orders.
Iman Mufassal (Detailed faith)
In our previous lesson we have learnt about Iman Muzmal.

We will now know about Allah, the Almighty, His Rasul, the
Day of Judgement and some other aspects of Iman in detail. We

must believe these matters. To know all the aspects of Iman in
detail as well as to believe in them is called 'Iman Mufassal'.
Iman means faith or belief. Mufassal means detailed. Thus Iman
Mufassal means detailed faith or detailed Iman
Iman Mufassal (Detailed Faith):

Amantu billaahi wa malaikatihee wa
kutubihee wa-rasulihee wal yaumil
akhiri wal-qadri khairihee wa
sharrihee minal-laahi ta'ala
Wal ba'si ba' dal maut
Meaning: I have faith in Allah, His angels, His Books

(revealed) and His Rasuls. I also have faith in the Day of
Judgement, in the goodness and badness of fate and in the life
after death.
We accept seven aspects in Iman-Mufassal:
1. Allah;
2. Angels;
14 Iman and Aqaid
3. Kitabs (Heavenly Books);

4. Rasuls of Allah;
5. The Day of Judgement;
6. Fate (taqdeer);
7. Life after death.
The First Aspect of Iman: Faith in Allah

Allah, the Great, has created heaven, earth and all human
beings. He has created trees, plants, birds and animals, light and
air - everything of this world. He is the most Beneficient. Allah,
the Great, is one and unique. There is none to share with Him.
He knows all, sees all and hears all. He is Almighty. He exists
everywhere and everytime. Allah sees all that we do openly. He
also sees all what we do secretly. He knows all what we say. He
also knows all what we think. Nothing remains unknown or
secret to Him.
When we think good, do good and speak good, Allah becomes

pleased with us. And we get peace. If we think bad and do bad
work, Allah becomes displeased with us. Then we fall in
sufferings. Allah says to us: "You remember me, and I shall also
remember you." We get peace of mind when we remember
Allah.
The Second Aspect of Iman: Belief in the angels

Angels are a kind of creation of Allah. They are made of noor.
Noor means light. They always obey Allah. They never disobey
Him. There are a great number of angels. Of them, four angels
are greater. The names of the four are given below:
Hazrat Jibrail (A): He used to come to the Prophets

with the wahi of Allah. Wahi means the message of Allah.
Hazrat Mikail (A): He does the duties of distributing food and

giving rains.
Hazrat Azrail (A): He is the angel of death. He takes away the

souls of human beings, jinns and all living creatures.
Hazrat Israfil (A): At the order of Allah, he will blow the

trumpet on the doomsday. At this, all the creations will be
destroyed. Again, he will blow the trumpet and all creatures will
come to life by the will of Allah.
Moreover, there are two groups of famous angels. One group of

them keeps the records of good actions and bad actions of
human beings. They are called the Kiraman and Katibin
respectively. Another group of angels will ask questions about
Allah, His Rasul and Islam in the grave after our death. They
are called the Munkar and Nakir.
16 Iman and Aqaid
The Third Aspect of Iman : Belief in the Asmani

Kitabs (Heavenly Books)
We know that Hazrat Jibrail (A) used to come to Nabis and
Rasuls with wahi of Allah. Wahi means the message of Allah.
Sometimes His message came in the form of books. These are
called Asmanee Kitabs (Heavenly Books). These books contain
the teachings for the goodness and welfare of human beings.
They contain the guidance for the salvation of the human
beings.
There are 104 Heavenly Books. Four of them are big

and more important. They are the Tawrat, the Jabur, the Injil
and the Qur'an Majid. The rest hundred books are small. These
are called Sahifa. Sahifa means booklets. Of all the Heavenly
books, the Quran is the greatest one.
The Qur'an Majid was revealed on the greatest Prophet

Hazrat Muhammad (Sm). The Qur'an Majid is the book of
Allah. It is the latest of all Heavenly Books. It contains all the
words of messages and guidance for men of all times and of all
countries till time of the Doomsday. Hedayat means the way to
be good and to get the path of Allah.
The Fourth Aspect of Iman: Belief in the Nabi-Rasuls

of Allah
We enjoy the gifts of Allah. It was not known to us how we

should express gratitude to Allah for His gifts to us. We did not
know to express our gratitude to Allah and please Him.
Allah Subhanuta'ala kindly sent Nabis and Rasuls to us. They
informed us of the identity of Allah. They also taught us how
we should offer our ibadat and prayer to Allah. They showed us
the way how to please Him. Hazrat Adam (A) was the first
Prophet and the last was Hazrat Muhammad (Sm). Many other
prophets came in between these two prophets. Allah says,
"There is no human habitation where I did not send any
prophet." We will have faith in all the prophets.
In the Holy Qura'n we get the names of twenty-five Nabis and
Rasuls. We have already known the names of some of other
prophets excepting the great Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm).
They were:
Hazrat Adam (A),
Hazrat Nooh (A),
Hazrat Ibra'him (A),
Hazrat Ism'ail (A), and
Hazrat Yousuf (A),
18 Iman and Aqaid
Now we will learn the names of some other prophets.

They are:
Hazrat Hud (A),
Hazrat Salih (A),
Hazrat Lut (A),
Hazrat Ishaq (A),
Hazrat Yakub (A),
Hazrat Musa (A),
Hazrat Ayub (A),
Gradually, we will come to know about many other prophets.
We will pay our regards to all Nabis and Rasuls. We will build
up our life after their models.
The Fifth Aspect of Iman : The Day of Judgment
We see that a man is born as a little baby. The baby grows up
and gradually becomes old and dies. Some dies of illness. Some
dies by accidents. Some dies at the tender age and some dies in
the old age. All the living creatures like poultry, cattle, birds and
animals etc. die. Plants dry up and become lifeless after
sometime. Beautiful flowers fade away too.
If there is life, there is death. A day will come when everything
will come to an end. Nothing will exist then. That day is called
the Doomsday or Qiamat.
Allah declares: "All the creations will be destroyed but only

Allah will exist." He also says: "Every living being will have to
take the taste of death."
The Sixth Aspect of Iman : Belief in Taqdeer
Whatever happens in this world and in our life comes about by
the definite order or will of Allah. He has decided everything
beforehand. This pre-decision of Allah is called 'taqdeer'. We
have to deeply believe that nothing happens without the
decision of Allah that He has taken before. Allah rewards man
with success if he keeps good intention and tries to do good
deeds.
The Seventh Aspect of Iman : Belief in the life

hereafter
There is another world after death. This life after death is called
the Akhirat. This life in this world is the cornfield of Akhirat.
Take an example: The farmer who takes care of the field and
sows good seeds, reaps good crops. He becomes happy for his
work. But the farmer who does not take good care of his field
and neglects it, does not get good crops. He is not happy.
Similarly, if a man does good work and follow the Prophet
(Sm), he will be rewarded with heaven hereafter. There he will
enjoy eternel peace and happiness. Again, the man who does not
follow the way of Allah to please Him and does not do good
works will remain in hell forever. Hell is the place of hard
punishment. It is a place full of sorrows and sorrows. There he
20 Iman and Aqaid
will suffer from endless punishment and torture.

If we believe in the seven aspects of Iman-e-Mufassal, our Iman
(faith) will be complete and perfect.
In these aspects we will keep Iman
And build up our life in the light of Iman.
Exercise
Objective type questions:
Tick () the correct answer
1. Who has created us?
(a) father (b) mother
(c) parents (d) Allah.
2. Who is our sustainer?
(a) the soil (b) Allah
(c) parents (d) the ruler of the country.
3. Who is the owner of the sky and the earth?
(a) kings (b) man
(c) Allah (d) jinns.
4. What is the meaning of Qadeer?
(a) Ever-living (b) All-powerful
(c) Everlasting (d) The merciful.

5. What does Kalima mean?
(a) time (b) sentence
(c) stories (d) tunes
6. What does Shahadat mean?
(a) to sit for test (b) to observe
(c) to give testimony (d) to give away
7. What does Iman Muzmal mean?
(a) faith in detail (b) faith in brief
(c) earnest faith (d) verbal faith
8. What sort of material are angels made of?
(a) earth (b) light
(c) fire (d) air
9. Which angel used to come with wahi (orders of Allah)?
(a) Azrail (b) Mikail
(c) Jibrail (d) Israfil.
10. Which angels question the dead in the grave?
(a) Munkir-Nakir (b) Kiraman-Katibin
(c) Mikail (d) Israfil?
11. How many Heavenly Books are there?
(a) 100 (b) 4
22 Iman and Aqaid
(c) 104 (d) 110

Fill in the blanks:
(a) _________ falls from the sky.
(b) Allah has ___________ us.
(c) _______ is Allah's words.
(d) All living beings will take the ____________ of death.
Match the words with correct meaning drawing lines:
a. Salam The Lord
All-Powerful
b. Malik
Law-Giver
c. Qadeer Peace
d. Hakim
Match the correct answer by drawing lines:
a. Hazrat Daud (A) a) The Qur'an Majid
b. Hazrat Musa (A) b) The Injil
c) The Jabur
c. Hazrat Isa (A)
d) The Towrat.
d. Hazrat Muhammad (Sm)
Essay Type Questions

1. Write in short about the existence of Allah, the Great.
2. Describe some attributes of Allah.
3. Explain clearly the meaning 'Allah is Hakim', the (Law-
Giver).
4. Describe clearly the meaning 'Allah is Malik', the Lord of
everything.
5. Write the meaning of Kalima Shahadat with its
transliteration.
6. Give the meaning of Iman Mufassal in English.
7. Give the names of the great angels and describe their duties.
8. What do you understand by the Heavenly Books?
How many big and important Heavenly Books are there and
what are they?
9. Why were Nabis and Rasuls sent to this world? Who is the
first and who is the last of the prophets?
10. What do you understand by Akhirat or life hereafter? Write
in detail.
Class Work
(a) Write the following words in the box of your exercise book.
(b) Make a list of the Aspects of Iman Mufassal.

(c) Draw the picture of a minaret of a mosque.
Chapter II
Ibadat (Loyalty to Allah)
Allah Ta'ala has created us. We are alive at His Mercy. He has
created everything for us. And He has created us to remain loyal
to Him. Ibadat means shwoing loyalty to Allah, obedience to
Allah, to obey His orders. Ibadat means to abide by the orders
of Allah and His Rasuls. To offer salat (Namaj), to keep fasting
(Roza), to read the Holy Qur'an, in a word, to abide by all the
orders and forbiddings of Allah, come under ibadat. To do good
deeds is also ibadat. For example, nursing the sick, behaving
nicely with people, speaking the truth and helping the poor etc.
are ibadat.
Allah is pleased with those who do ibadat. We will get Allah's
mercy and forgiveness both here and hereafter if we do ibadat.
Allah says, "I have created jinns and mankind only that they
might do ibadat towards me."
Taharat (Purity)
Allah says, "Allah loves them who keep themselves physically

clean and mentally pure." Our great Prophet says, "Purity is part
of Iman (faith)."
Ibadat (Loyalty to Allah) 25
One needs to be clean and pure to perform salat. To remain

clean and pure is called 'taharat'. Taharat means cleanliness and
purity. Wuzu (ablution), gusal (taking bath) and doing tayammum
are the means and ways to keep cleanliness and purity. Those
who keep themselves pure and clean, put on clean clothes are
loved by all. If we are physically clean and mentally pure, we
feel good in body and mind, and we feel good to pay attention
to studies.
Wuzu (Ablution)
In the Holy Qura'n Allah has commanded us to make wuzu

before starting salat (namaz). There are many rules to follow for
keeping oneself clean and pure. Wuzu is the best of them.
Generally, the parts of the body which become dusty and dirty
is washed by making wuzu. Salat cannot be offered without
wuzu.
Farz items of wuzu
The compulsory (farz) items of wuzu (ablution) are as follows:
1. To wash face thoroughly;
2. To wash the hands well from the tips of the fingers upto the elbow;
3. To rub lightly at least over one-fourth of the hair of the head;
4. To wash the feet upto the ankles.

26 Religious Studies: Islam
Sunnat items of wuzu

Moreover, there are some other things to do. These are called
sunnat, which our Holy Prophet (Sm) used to do:
(1) To make niyat before making wuzu;
(2) To begin wuzu by saying Bishmillah;
(3) To brush the teeth;
(4) To wash the hands well upto the wrists;
(5) To clean the mouth by gargling;
(6) To clean the nostrils with a little water giving into them;
(7) To wipe the whole head over with wet hands;
(8) To wash all these parts of the body three times;
(9) To wash the right hand and the right foot first while washing
the hands and the feet.
(10) To maintain the serial in washing the parts of the body
during wuzu.
Our parents, elder brothers and sisters, teachers and the Imams
of the mosques can make wuzu correctly. We will observe them
and learn how wuzu is made perfectly.
The causes of losing wuzu:

Due to various causes, wuzu is lost. We have to be very careful
about these causes. Wuzu is lost for the following causes:
1. If any thing comes out through the urinary passage or anus;
2. If there is mouthful of vomiting;
3. If one sleeps leaning against something or lying on
something;
4. If one becomes senseless;
5. If blood or pus comes out rolling from a wound;
6. If one laughs loudly at salat (namaz);
Salat cannot be offered or the Holy Quran must not be touched
without wuzu. We must be careful of this. If wuzu is lost during
the offering of salat or reading of the Qur'an, we must make
wuzu again.
Gusal (Taking bath)
For a healthy mind and healthy body, we need purity and

cleanliness. The body becomes dirty and unclean for doing
various works. We then feel bad. Taking bath is the best way to
remove the dirt and impurity. To wash the whole body with
water is called to have bath. If we have bath, it removes bad
smell caused by sweating. We feel fresh bodily and mentaly
after having bath. It encourages us to work with a fresh mind
and body.
The rules of taking bath:

Before taking bath, we will have to wash our hands. Then we
will clean our body if there is any dirt or unclean things. We
will rinse our mouth and gargle three times. We will also clean
the nostrils by giving a little water inside them thrice. Then we
will wash the whole body thrice. In this way we will take bath.
The farz (compulsory) items of taking bath:

In bathing, there are three farz (compulsory) items. They are as
follows:
1. To rinse the mouth with gargle;
2. To clean the nostrils thoroughly with water;
3. To wash the whole body with water.
If any one of these is missed in taking bath, it will not be a bath
at all. We have to be careful that even a hair should not remain
dry while taking bath. We can keep a sound body if we take
bath regularly. To have bath is an order of Allah. It is also an act
of ibadat.
Ajan (Call to Salat)
The salat (namaz) which is a farz one is to be performed in a

jamaat (assembly). The Great Prophet (Sm) has emphasized to
perform the farz salat in a jamaat. But nobody knew how people
should be called to this jamaat. To solve this problem, one day
our Prophet (Sm) called a meeting and discussed this with his
companions. Some said that they would ring bell to call people
at the time of Salat. Some said to blow trumpet to call them.
Some others advised to light fire, and many other suggestions
also came. But the Prophet (Sm) did not like any of these
suggetions. It was late at night. Hazrat Abdullah Ibn Zaid, a
companion of the Holy Prophet (Sm), was in deep sleep. Then
he heard in a dream that an angel uttered the words of Ajan. In
the morning, he narrated the words of Ajan to the Prophet (Sm).
It was a matter of wonder that Hazrat Umar (R) also dreamt the
same dream. The Prophet (Sm) liked the words of Ajan very
much. He understood that these were revealed at the direction of
Allah. He told Hazrat Bilal (R) to say particular call to attend
the jamaat of salat. One who performs Ajan is called Muazzin.
The following are the words of Ajan:

Allahu Akbar (4 times)
Ash-hadu - Al-la ilaha illa-llah

(2 times)
Ash-hadu an-na Muhammadar
Rasulu-llah (2 times)
Hyya' ala -s- salah (2 times)
Hyya ala -l- falah (2 times)
Allahu Akbar (2 times)

Laa-ilaha-illal-lah.
Meaning:
1. Allah is Great, Allah is Great, Allah is Great, Allah is
Great
2. I testify that there is no lord but Allah,
I testify that there is no lord but Allah.
3. I testify that Muhammad (Sm) is the Rasul of Allah,
I testify that Muhammad (Sm) is the Rasul of Allah.
4. Come to salat, Come to salat.
5. Come towards welfare, Come towrds welfare.
6. Allah is Great, Allah is Great.
7. There is no lord but Allah.

In the Ajan for the salat of Fazr, the following call is added after
Hyya ala-l falah:
Asalatu Khairum mina-n-naum
Asalatu Khairum mina-n-naum
Meaning: Salat is better than sleep.
The following dua is to be read at the end of Ajan:

Allahumma rabba hadihi-d-
da'watit tammah
Wassatil qaimatih
Aati Muhammadani-l-wachwalah
Wal - fazilah wab - a'sumaqamam
Mahmoodani-l-laji wa- a'dtah
Innaka la tukhliful miyad.
The Muazzin calls for farz salat (compulsory salat) five times a
day. Ajan is also telecast in the television and broadcast through
the radio. We shall listen to Ajan attentively and learn how to
perform Ajan. Then we shall get ready for salat and offer it in time.
Iqamat
Ajan is to call people to the jamaat of salat. And Iqamat is the

announcement of the start of the salat. The words of Iqamat are
the same as words of Ajan. Only after saying Hayya ala al falah
the following words are to be uttered twice:
Qad qaa matis salah
Qad qaa matis salah
It means salat has already been started.

Tashah-hud
In salat, after finishing two rakats and also in the last sitting, the
performer of the salat sits up folding his knees and utters a dua
called Tashah-hud which is as follows:
Transliteration:
Attahiyyatu lil-lahi wassalawatu
wattwayyibatu assalaamu alaika
aiyyuhan nabiyyu wa rahmatul lahi
wa barakatuhu assalumu alaina
wa ala ibadillahis chwaliheen
Ash-hadu al laa ilaha illal-lahu
wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan
abduhu wa rasuluh.
Darood
Transliteration:
Allaahumma salli ala Muhammadyeo
wa ala aali Muhammadin
kama sllaita alaa Ibraahima
wala ali Ibraahima
innaka hamidum majeed.
Allahumma barik alaa Mummadyeo
waala aali Muhammadin
kama barakta alaa Ibraahima
walaa aali Ibraahima
inna ka hamidum majeed.
Dua Masura
The series of dua written in the Holy Qura'n and Hadiths are called
Dua Masura. It is good to read Dua Masura in salat which was read
by our Prophet (Sm) in salat. Dua Masura is also read outside salat
in different situations.
The following Dua Masura is read after reading Darood in salat:

Transliteration:
Allaahumma innee jwalamtu nafsi
julman kasirao walaa yagfiru
jjunuba illa anta fagfirli
magfiratam min-indika warharmni
innaka antal gafoorur raheem.
Salam
The last important part of salat is to say salam. After reading Dua
Masura, we have to turn our face first to the right over our right
shoulder and then to the left over our left shoulder to say salam.
The words of salam are as follows:
Assalaamu alaikum wa rahmatullah
Meaning: Peace be on you and also the mercy of Allah be on you.

Munazat
To say something to Allah in an appealing tone with supplication

and manner is called munazat. The best time for the granting of
munazat is at the end of salat. Any good dua may be said during this
time. There are many munazats in the Holy Qura'n and Hadiths. A
short and beautiful munazat is given below:
Transliteration:
Rabbana aatina fi-d-dunya hasanatao
wa-fil-akhirati hasanatao
waqina ajaba-an-nar.
Meaning: O our Lord, grant us blessings on earth and in heaven and

save us from the torture of hell.
Salat
Salat or Namaz is the most important ibadat. There are some rules to
follow in salat. These are farz (compulsory) rules:
Ahkams of Salat
Before starting salat we have to maitain seven farz (compulsory)

things. These are called ahkam of salat. If we do not maintain these
ahkams rightly, our salat will not be accepted. The ahkams are as
follows:
(1) clean body,
(2) clean clothes,

(3) clean place for salat,
(4) covering of satar (the body) with clothes (from the navel upto the
below of the knee),
(5) facing towards Qiblah,
(6) making niyat and
(7) offering salat at the right time.
The male must cover with clothes upto the knee from the upper
place of the navel. The female must cover the whole body except the
face, hands upto wrist and feet.
Facing towards Qiblah means to turn face towards the Holy Kaaba
at the time of offering salat. The Qiblah is situated to the west from
our country. So we offer salat facing towards the west. Niyat means
to intend or to decide. Before starting every salat one must make
niyat of it. The niyat is thus : "I intent to perform two raka'at salat of
Fazr, which is farz, for the sake of Allah, facing towards the holy
Kaaba."
In this way, at the time of the salat of Juhr, Asr, Maghrib and Isha
one must make niyat in mind of the particular salat. During Salat in
a jamaat one has to think: "I offer my salat behind this Imam." For
each farz salat, there is a fixed time to offer it, and we are ordered by
Allah to offer salat in the right time. A salat becomes unacceptable if
it is not offered in the right time.
Our Holy Prophet has said, "To offer Salat in the first part of the
fixed time is best."
Waqt (Times) of Salat
It is Allah's order to perform salat in the right time. Salat is not

acceptable if it is not performed in the right time. Allah, the Great
says: "It is farz for the mumin to perform salat in the right
time."
Let us look at the waqts (times) of different salat.
Name of Salat Time

Fazr : Fazr starts at the end of night when morning light is seen in
the east of the sky. The time of it is over just before the
moment of the sunrise.
Zuhr : At noon when the sun is going to the west, the time of Zuhr
starts. And if the shadow of a stick is double the length, the
time of Zuhr is over.
Asr: As soon as the time of Zuhr ends the time of the salat of
Asr starts. It is over before the moment of the sun- set.
Maghrib : The time of Maghrib starts from just after the setting of the
sun. It is over as soon as the reddish tinge of the sun fades
away.
Isha : The time of Isha starts as the time of Marghrib ends. The
time for Isha continues upto the moment before the time of
Fazr. But it is better to offer Isha in the first half of the night.
The commands of Allah we shall obey,
In the right time our salat we shall say.
Arkans of Salat
There are seven farz items in salat, which are called arkans in salat.
They are as follows:
1. To start saying Takbir-e-Tahrima (i.e. AllahuAkbar).
2. Performing salat making qiam (i.e. by standing). (If one is unable

to stand, one can perform salat in a sitting position. Even one can
perform salat lying in bed if one is unable to sit.)
3. To read a part of the Holy Quran in salat (It is called Kiraat).
4. To do ruku.
5. To do sizdah.
6. Final sitting.
7. To complete salat by saying salam. If any of these arkans is not

done, salat will not be pertect. We should be very careful while
offering them. How to Perform Salat?
We know that salat is the best of ibadat. To perform salat five times
a day is farz (compulsory). In performing our salat, we have to
follow how Holy Prophet (Sm) used to perform salat.
Our Prophet (Sm) used to make wuzu (ablution) after brashing teeth
with a miswak. He would make niyat facing towards the Qiblah.
Then he would raise two hands upto the ears saying Allahu Akbar
and join both the hands upon the navel. He instructed women to join
the hands upon the chest. Then he would read sana, "Subhanaka
allaahumma wa bihamdika wa tabarakasmuka wata alaa jadduka
wa-laa ilaha gairuka." Then he would read 'Aujubillahi minash
shaitwanir rajeem' and 'Bismillaahir rahmaanir raheem.' Then he
would read sura Fatiha and some part (ayats) from the Holy Qura'n.
After this, saying 'Allahu Akbar' he would do his ruku. In ruku, he
would read 'subhana rabbial ajeem' (minimum three times). Then he
would again stand erect and saying 'samiallahuliman hamidah'. Then
offer saying 'rabbana lakal hamd' he would utter 'Allahu Akbar' and
place his forehead and nose on the ground in sizdah. In this position
he would say the words 'subhana rabbial a'laa' three time sat the
minimum and rise up saying Allahu Akbar and sit placing hands on
his knees and then again go down in sizdah and say the same words
'subhana rabbial a'ala' three times minimum. He would rise and
stand again uttering Allahu Akbar. This was the second raka'at, and
it should be completed in the same manner as the first, reading with
sura Fatiha and some part (ayats) from the Holy Qura'n and do ruku
and sizdah. But after the second sizdah, he would sit up with folded
knees and read duas called Tashah-hud, Darood and Dua Masura.
Then he concluded his salat by turning his face right and left saying
'assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah'.
If the prayer consists of three or four rakaats, he stood again after

saying two rakaats with tashah-hud and did exactly as he did in the
previous rakaat. In the last sitting whether it came after second
rakaat or the third or the fourth as the case might be, after the
Tashah-hud, the Prophet (Sm) read the Darood and Dua Masura and
ended the salat saying salam.
The Holy Prophet (Sm) used to perform compulsory salat in jamaat.

We also should perform salat in jamaat. The muktadi (the performer
of salat who performs it behind the Imam) does not have to read the
verses from the Quran when he is in jamaat.
The Salatul Jumuah
The Jumua day (i.e. Friday) is the best day of the week. In the Holy
Quran Allah the Great, says, "When Ajan is heard for the salat of
Jumuah, go quickly to perform salat and leave your trading. And
when the salat is ended, spread yourself over the land and seek the
rahmat of Allah.
In mosques, jamaats of salat are held five times a day. There the
people of the same locality gather to offer farz (compulsory) salat.
Thus they meet each other and know about themselves. It creates
chances to help each other in times of problem.
The Salatul Jumuah is held with a big gathering on Friday at a Jam-

The rules of performing the Salatul Jumuah

It is sunnat to offer four rakaats salat of 'Qablal Jumuah' before the
farz salat is offered. Four rakaats salat of Ba'dal Jumuah is offered
after the farz salat as sunnat. Moreover, if one gets time it is good
for him to offer nafl (extra) Salat. The Salatul Jumuah is offered on
Fridays in a jamaat at a mosque in place of Salatul Zuhr. Salatul
Jumuah cannot be offered without a jamaat.
Two Ajans are held for Salatul Jumuah. The first Ajan is held given
from the minaret or from the outside of the mosque. After the people
have gathered, another Ajan is given for this salat inside the mosque.
At this time, the Imam is sitting on the mimbar (a small platform).
When the Ajan is finished the Imam stands up and offers his two
khutbas (speeches consecutively). In between the two khutbas he
sits for a very short time. Khutba means a speech. In the Khutba
various aspects of Islam are discussed.
It is wajib (obligatory) to listen to the Khutba. During this time

talking and doing anything and even offering nafl (extra) salat are
haram (forbidden). At the end of the Khutba we are to offer two
rakaats of farz salat with the Imam. We have to make niyat before
starting farz prayer saying, "I intend to perform two rakaats of farz
salat of Jumuah facing towards the Kaaba with this Imam and utter
Allahu Akbar"
Salatul Jumuah consists of ten rakaats in total. Four rakaats of

Qablal Jumuah which is Sunnat, then two rakaats of Farz, and then
four rakats of Ba'dal Jumuah which is Sunnat are performed in
Jumuah.
The rewards for the Salatul Jumuah
Many rewards for the Salatul Jumuah are narrated in the Holy
Hadiths. Our Holy Prophet (Sm) says, "One who enters the mosque
first of all for Salatul Jumuah, Allah, the Great will reward him the
sawab (reward) of sacrificing a camel. The second man will have the
reward of sacrificing a cow. Then the third one will have the reward
of sacrificing a goat."
The Prophet (Sm) also says, "One who offers Salatul Jumuah all his
small vices will be forgiven by Allah till the next day of Salatul
Jumuah."
It is sunnat to take bath, to wear good clothes and use ataron the day
of salatul Jumuah. On this day (Friday) to offer two rakaats of farz
Jumah is given in place of salatul Zuhr which is also farz.
The Salatul Eid
Eid means joys and happiness. Every year the Muslims of the world
celebrate the two Eids. There are two great religious festivals for the
Muslims. The first is called the Eidul Fitr. The second is called the
Eid-ul-Adha. On the Eid day the Muslims of the whole locality
gather at the Eidgah where they meet and enquire about one
another's well-being and embrace one another and forget all kinds of
differences. Everybody share joys and happiness in the social
intercourse. The Muslims of all social positions offer two rakaats of
Salatul Eid to express gratitude to Allah. It is wajib to offer salatul
Eid. The Holy Prophet (Sm) says, "Every nation has its own
religious festival. Ours is the Holy Eid."
Poet Kazi Nazrul Islam says:
"O my heart, after Ramajan, the Eid full of joy is come,
Now it is your duty to merge yourself for Allah's sake."

The Rules of Offering Salatul Eid

The Salatul Eid is a salat of two rakaats. It is to be performed
following an Imam. At first we shall stand in rows behind an Imam.
We shall make niyat of the salat. Following the Imam, we shall raise
our both hands upto the ears and join the hands together on the navel
saying 'Allahu Akbar'. We shall then say the words of sana. Now
following the Imam we shall say takbir (i.e. Allahu Akbar) three
times. At the first two times of this takbir we shall not join the hands
together. After the third takbir, we shall again join the hands on the
navel. Then the Imam will loudly read Suratul Fatiha and then any
other sura as is done in other salats. After this, he will perform ruku
and sizdah. We shall do the same following him.
In the second rakaat, the Imam will again loudly read Suratul Fatiha
and then any other sura. He then will loudly say the takbir (i.e.
Allahu Akbar) three times. We shall also follow the Imam. Now we
shall raise both the hands upto the ears but not join them together on
the navel. Then we shall perform ruku after saying takbir (i.e.
Allahu Akbar) at the fourth time.
After this, we shall perform sizdah as we do in other salats. We shall
then read tashah-hud, darood, dua masura in a sitting position and
end the salat following the Imam by saying salam. After the end of
the salat, the Imam will offer two Khutbas. To listen to the Khutbas
is wazib.
The Eidul Fitr
The first day of the month of Shawal is fixed for the Eidul-Fitr. It
comes after the fasting in Ramazan. Eid means joys and happiness.
Fitr means to break fasting. The Muslims express their gratitude to

Allah for giving them ability to keep fasting for long one month.
It is not only a day of joys and happiness. On this day, we should go
to our neighbours, the poor and the distressed to know their
conditions. Everbody has to try to make widows and orphans happy.
On this day fitra (charity) is to be given by the rich to the poor. It is
made wazib to pay fitra. This should be done so that no one should
remain hungry on this day of joys and happiness. To keep fasting on
the Eid day is made haram (forbidden). The deeds of sunnat on this
day are as follows:
(1) To take bath in the morning;
(2) To use otto;
(3) To wear clean clothes;
(4) To take some sort of sweet-meat;
(5) To perform Salatul Eidul Fitr at the Eidgah.
It is wazib to offer two rakaats of Salatul Eidul Fitr with an Imam. In
this Salat there are six additional wazib takbirs. After offering two
rakaats of Salat the Imam delivers two Khutbas. Khutba means
speech. It is made wazib to listen to the Khutba. During the Khutbas
talking is forbidden.
The Eidul Adha
The second Eid of the year is called Eidul Adha. Adha means
sacrifice. In the light of Islam this day is very important. On this
day, at the command of Allah, Hazrat Ibraahim (A) was ready to
sacrifice his son Ismail (A). Sacrifice is made wazib on Eidul Adha
to remind the Muslims about the great sacrifice made by Ibraahim
(A). The 10th Zilhajj is fixed for Eidul Adha. Just like that of the
day of Eidul Fitr, we have to take bath in the morning and wear
clean clothes and use ator. Then we have to go to attend the jamaat
of wazib Salat at the Eidgah. The Imam will deliver two Khutbas
after the salat is ended. It is made wazib to listen to the Khutba. It is
good not to eat anything before this salat on this day. On the way to
go to and return from the Eidgah, it is sunnat to utter takbir loudly.
But on the day of Eidul Fitr, takbir should be read silently. The
Takbir of Eid is thus:
Allaahu Akbar, Allaahu Akbar, La-ilaha-illallahu Allaahu Akbar,
Allahu Akbar, wa lillaahil hamd.
To utter takbir is made wazib from the Fazr of the 9th Zilhajj to the
Asr of the 13th Zilhajj. The matter of the sacrifice of animals comes
after the end of the salat. We shall keep one portion of the meat for
the ourselves, and one for relatives and the third one to distribute
among the poor and the distressed. In this way all can share the joys
of Eid with others. This helps grow a good social relation. We shall
implement this great lesson of Eid in our life. We shall enjoy this
Eid all together. We shall spread over this lesson in the society.
Exercise
Objective type questions
Tick () the correct answers-
1. What is it called in wuzu to wash hands upto elbow?
(a) sunnat, (b) farz c) nafl (d) wazib
2. How many farz events are there in wuzu?

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
3. How many arkans are there in salat?
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 d) 7
4. How many waqts (times) are there in salat?
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 6 (d) 3
5. How many Eids are there in a year?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
6. What is it to listen to Khutba?
a) sunnat (b) wazib (c) farz d) mustahab
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Purity is ______ the faith.
(b) Taharat means ________ .
(c) ________ is the be performed before salat.
(d) ________ cannot be performed without wuzu.
(e) Eid means _________ .
(f) To keep fasting on Eid day is __________ .
(g) ___ rakat is farz in salatul Jumuah.
Essay type questions
1. What do you understand by Ibadat?
2. What benefit do you get if you keep yourself clean?

3. What are the Farz of wuzu?
4. What are the rules of taking bath?
5. How many Farz are there in taking bath?
6. What is the difference between Ajan and Iqamat?
7. Write a munajat in English.
8. What are the ahkams of salat?
9. How many arkans are there in salat? What are they?
10. Write down the names of salats of five times.
11. How many rakaat's are there in salatul Bitr?
12. Write what you understand by salatul Jumuah?
13. Describe two characterstics of Salatul Jumuah.
14. How many Eids are there in a year? Write the names of them.
15. What do you mean by Eidul Fitr?
Class Work
1. Make a list of the deeds of wuzu in order.
2. The students will perform ajan and the teacher will listen and
help them if they need.
3. Make a list of arkan and ahkam of salat.
4. The students will perform salat according to the rules and if

necessary, the teacher will show them the way to perform salat.
Chapter - III
How to learn the Qur'an Majid?
The Qur'an Majid is the Kalam of Allah. 'Kalam' means the word or
the saying of Allah. It also means the message of Allah. The Holy
Qur'an was revealed to our Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm)
through Jibrail(A), an angel of Allah. This is the latest Divine Book.
But it was not revealed at a time. Its different parts were revealed in
different times and at different places.
The Holy Qur'an says how we should live in this world peacefully
and how we can get peace hereafter. It tells us the way how we will
show loyalty to Allah. It also says which acts are good and which
are bad. It informs us for which acts we will be rewarded and for
which we will be punished. We all should act according to the
sayings of the Holy Qur'an. We should abide by all that the Holy
Qur'an tells us to do and not to do.
The Qur'an Majid is the holiest book of Allah. This should not be
read or recited incorrectly. Because, its meaning is changed when it
is read incorrectly. We shall learn to read the Holy Qur'an correctly
and teach others to read it correctly. It is farz to recite some verses
from the Holy Qur'an in our salat. Farz means compulsory. Salat
becomes incorrect if some verses from the Qur'an is not recited in it.
So recitation of the Holy Qur'an must be correct.
Prophet (Sm) says, "The best person amongst you is he who
learns the Holy Qur'an and teaches it to others."
Arabic Alphabet
The language of the Holy Qur'an is Arabic. We shall have to learn

Arabic to read the Holy Qur'an. To learn Arabic, we shall have to
know the harafs (letters) of the Arabic language. We must know
them in such a way so that we do not make any error. There are 29
letters in the Arabic language. All the Arabic letters together are
called the Arabic alphabet. One is to read or write Arabic from the
right to the left. Let us try to learn the Arabic alphabet.
The following are the Arabic alphabet:
(zim) (sa) (ta) (ba) (alif)
(ra) (jhal) (dal) (kha) (h'a)
(dwuad) (chwad) (sheen) (seen) (jha)
(fa) (gwain) (a'yin) (jwa) (twa)
(nun) (meem) (lam) (kaf) (qwaf)
(yia) (hamja) (ha) (wao)

How to learn the Qur'an Majid? 51
Give the pronunciation of the Arabic harafs

(letters) in English:
Now colour the harafs (letters):

Fill up the blank boxes with Arabic harafs

(letters) :
Different Forms of Arabic Harafs (letters):

Together at last in the middle at first letter


Arabic harafs (letters) with 'harkat' and formation of

words
We know that 'Jabar' , 'Jer' and 'Pesh' are called 'harkat'.
1. If there is one jabar on a letter the pronunciation will be like - 'Aa'.
Alif one jabar - 'aa'

Ba one jabar - 'ba'
Ta one jabar - 'ta'
We will now read the following words with jabar:

Noon jabar na, chwad jabar chwa, ra jabar ra = nachwara
2. If there is one jer under a letter, the pronunciation will be like - 'i' (that is, like 'e')
Examples:
Alif one jer - 'i' Dal jer - 'di'
Ba one jer - 'bi' Jhal jer - 'jhi'
Ta one jer - 'ti' Ra jer - 'ri'
Now we will pronounce the words given below with jabar and jer:
Lam jer li, meem alif jabar ma - Lima
3. If there is one 'pesh' on a letter the pronunciation will be like - 'wu'

Examples:
Alif one pesh -'wu' Dal pesh - 'du'
Ba one pesh - 'bu' Jhal pesh -'jhu'
Ta one pesh - 'tu' Ra pesh-'ru'
Now we will pronounce the words with one pesh on a letter:

Kaf pesh ku, ta jer ti, ba jabar ba = Kutiba.
Arabic letters and words with 'tanbeen'

Use of 'double jabar' or 'double jer' or 'double pesh' is called 'tanbeen'.
'Tanbeen' means to make a sound of 'noon'. If there is double jabar or
double jer or double pesh on an Arabic letter, it sounds as if there is a
'noon' at the end of it. As ? ba one jabar 'ba', but ba with double jabar
will be pronounced as 'baan'.
Now we will read the following chart with tanbeen:
Alif with double jabar = 'aan' noon with double jabar =
Alif with double jer = 'een' naan'
Alif with double pesh = 'wun' noon with double jer = 'neen'
Alif with double jabar, double jer noon with double pesh = 'noon'
noon with double jabar, double
and double pesh = 'aan een
jer and double
wun' pesh = 'naan neen noon'
Arabic words with tanbeen:

Arabic letters and words with zajam

We know that the Arabic letters with zajam are called 'Sakin'.
As-
= Alif lam jabar = al
= Fa ya jer = fee
= Qwaf lam pesh = Qwool
Zajam generally look like this '^' but it can also be written like this
Now we will read the following with zajam:
Now put zajam on the letters which are without it:
Arabic letters and words with 'tashdeed':

The letter which is pronounced twice being at the same place is called tashdeed.
The sign of tashdeed is thus ?
Alif noon jabar an, noon jabar na = Anna
= Alif noon jabar an, noon jabar na = Anna
= ra ba jabar rab, ba jabar ba = Rabba

Now read the following 'tashdeed':
Look at the following and put tashdeed with harkat:
Formation of Arabic Words

Read the following chart for correct pronunciation and making new words:
Chart - I
Words with two letters
Now make words with these letters:
Chart - II
Words with three letters
Now make words with the following letters:
Chart - III
Words with four letters
Chart - IV
Words with five letters

Chart - V
Words with six letters
Read the following sentences and give their meanings:

Allah is the Lord.
Allah is Almighty.
Allah is the Law-Giver.
Allah is the Peace-Giver.
I am a student.
She is a student.
Write the following sentences:

How are you? Who are you?
I am well. I am a Muslim
In the Qur'an Majid, some letters are to be read in a long accent
(sound). This sort of accent is called madd.
As for exmple:
There are three letters of madd. They are as follows:
1. If there is one alif after jabar, then it is read in a long accent.
= maa - ja-a
= qaa - la
2. If there is a yia with zajam after jer, it is read in a little long accent.
As- = kee -la = fee -ha
3. If there is a wao with zajam after pesh, it is read in a little long accent.
?????? = qoo - loo, ??????? = soo - moo
Again, there are two types of madd- (1) small madd and (2) big madd
If there is a small madd on a letter, it is read in a long accent.
If there is a big madd on a letter, then it is to be read in a longer accent.

As-
Madd has also other shapes. ? Such as:
1. Jabar in the erect position on the letter: ??

If there is a sign like on a letter, it is to be read in a long accent. As-
= Twa with erect Jabar Twaa and Ha with erect jabar haa
=Twaahaa(together).
Now let us read the following words:
2. Jer in the erect position under a letter:

If there is a sign like this ? under a letter, it is to be read in a long accent:
As-
???? - Ba jer bi, ha jer hee = Bihee
Now we read the following words with erect Jer:
?????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ? ????????? ? ???????
3. Reverse pesh:
We know that pesh is like this But reverse pesh is written like this
If there is any reverse pesh on a letter it has to be read in a longer accent.
Now we will read some words with reverse pesh.
Let us also read the following words:
Tazbeed
The language of the Qur'an Majid is Arabic. We shall have to learn

Arabic and the correct pronunciation of its letters. It is essential to
read the Holy Qur'an with correct pronunciation. It keeps the
meanings correct and thus our salat also becomes correct. At this,
Allah becomes pleased with us. If the reading is not with correct
pronunciation, the meaning will be changed. Salat too will not be
done correct. So we ought to read the Holy Qur'an correctly. There
are some rules to read the Holy Qur'an correctly, and these rules are
called Tazbeed. The method of pronunciation of the verses (ayats)
and their letters and words is called Tazbeed. The literal meaning of
Tazbeed is to make something decent, to arrange well, to make best
etc.
Allah Ta'ala says, "You recite the Holy Qur'an slowly and
correctly".
The Holy Prophet (Sm) says, "You'll get ten rewards for every letter
if you recite the Qur'an Majid".
Makhraz
Arabic letters are pronounced from the different places of the mouth,
such as throat, tongue, teeth and lips etc.
Makhraz means the place of coming out from or the place of

pronunciation. The place of pronunciation of an Arabic letter is
called 'Makhraz'. There are 17 makhrazes for the Arabic letters.
Idgaam
The meaning of Idgaam is to join together. Two letters which are

placed side by side are to be read joining together and this kind of
reading is called Idgaam'.
For example: (fahum muslimoon).
Here the letter meem ( ) of the first word has become idgaam with
the letter meem (?) of the second word. It means they are jointed
together. As-aaaaaaaaa = mir rabbi. Here noon has been idgaam
with ra. That means they are joined together. ( meem
misslihi). Here noon is idgaam with meem. It means they are joined
together.
There are six letters of idgaam.
As -
If noon is sakin at the end of any word or tanbeen comes here and if
the first letter of the next word is any letter of idgaam that noon
sakin and tanbeen should be read with idgaam with that letter.
Now we will read the following words with idgaam :
Mayiaqwulu Meem mar qwadina Gafurur raheem
Walam Yiakullahu Inkuntum mu'mineen Mirrizkin

Ijhar
The meaning of Ijhar is to express, to make clear. It means to

pronounce clearly according to the makhraz of the letter. If after
noon sakin and tanbeen, there is any of the letters of halqi, then
noon sakin and tanbeen should be read without goonnah and ikhfa
but should be read according to makhraz clearly, and this sort of
reading is called 'Ijhar'. There are six letters of halqi
As-
Sura Al - Fatiha
Makki, Ayats (verses) 7
(Bismillaa hir Rahmaanir Raheem)

Transliteration
Al-hamdu lillaahi rabbil a'lameen-
Ar Rahmaanir raheem-
Maaliki yi-aomiddeen-
Eyakana' budu wa-eyakanastayeen-
Ihdinas chiratal mustaqeem-
Chiratwallazina an amta alaihim-
Gairil magdwubi alaihim-
Waladdwaaleen. -ameen-
Sura An-Nasr
Madani, Ayat - 3
Transliteration
Ijazha-a nach rullahi wal fathu
Wa-ra-aytan-nasa yiad khuloona fee
dinillaahi afwajaa-Fasabbih
bihamdi rabbika wa-stagfirhu
Innahoo kaana tawabaa
Sura Al-Lahab
Makki, Ayat - 5

Transliteration
Tabbat yia da aabi lahabieu wa-tabba
ma-a agnaa-an-hu maluhu wama kasab
Sa yiachla -naaran - jaata lahabieu
Wamra atuhu h'amm'a latal h'atab
Fee-jee diha h'ablum meem masad.
Sura Al- Ikhlas

Makki, Ayate - 4
Transliteration
Qul hu wallaahu ah'ad
Allaa hus chwamad
lam yia-lid-wa-lum yu lad
Wa lam yia kullahu kufuwan ah'ad
Exercise
Tick () the correct answers:
1. Whose Kalam is the Holy Quran?
(a) The Kalam of Allah (b) The Kalam of the Prophet (Sm)
(c) The Kalam of Jibrail (A) (d) The Kalam of man
2. Which book was revealed to Hazrat Muhammad (Sm)?
(a) The Torah (b) The Bible/Injil
(c) The Qur'an Majid (d) The Jabur
3. How many alphabet are there in Arabic?

(a) 30 (b) 29
(c) 28 (d) 32
4. How many makhrazes are there in Arabic alphebet?
(a) 17 (b) 21
(c) 17 (d) 15
Fill in the blanks:
(a) The Qur'an Majid is the Kalalm of ___________ .
(b) The Place of the pronunciation of a letter (haraf) is called __.
(c) The madd letters (harafs) are _________ .
(d) The language of the Qur'an Majid is _____.
Match the signs with the words on the left by drawing line from
the right:
(a) Jabar
(b) Pesh
(c) Erect Jabar
(d) Big madd
Essay type questions
1. What did the Prophet (Sm) say about the recitation (Tilawat) of
the Holy Qur'an?
2. What is harkat? Give an example.
3. What is Tanbeen? Give an example of each.

4. What is Zajam? Give an example.
5. What is madd? How many letters of madd are there? Give

example.
6. What is Tajbeed? Why should we learn it?
7. What is makhraj? How many makhrazes of Arabic letters are

there?
8. What is Idgaam? Give examples.
9. What is the Ijhar? Which are the letters of Ijhar? Give names.
10. Write one word each in Arabic taking 3, 4, 5 and 6 letters.
11. Write Sura Al-Fatiha from your memory.

12. Write Sura Al-Nasr in English transliteration.
13. Write Sura Al- Lahab in English transliteration.
14. Recite Sura Al-Ikhlas and write it in English
transliteration from your memory.
Class Work
Everyday one of the students will read out Sura Al -Fatiha, Sura Al-
Nasr, Sura Al-Lahab, Sura Al-Ikhlas. The rest of the students will
listen to him/her. If needed, the teacher will help them.
Chapter -IV
Akhlaq (Character)
Akhlaq is an Arabic word. It means character, nature, behaviour,

conduct etc. There are two kinds of Akhlaq:
(1) Akhlaq-e-Hameeda and
(2) Akhlaq-e-Zameema.
(1) Akhlaq-e-Hameeda is a kind of Akhlaq that is praised by all. As

for example, good character, good nature, good qualities etc. come
under Akhlaq-e-Hameeda. Offering salat, fasting, doing good work,
speaking the thruth, nursing the sick, beahving well with all, saying
salam to one, remaining neat and clean etc. belong to Akhlaq-e-
Hameeda. Similarly, to entertain guests, to respect the seniors, to
love the juniors, to help the poor and the distressed etc. also come
under Akhlaq-e-Hameeda.
The Great Prophet (Sm) says: "The greatest gift of Allah to man
is good character."
Everybody loves the man who speaks sweetly, behaves nicely and
does good work. Good Akhlaq of children brings reputation for their
parents. Everybody prays to Allah for this kind of good children.
Teachers of a school love those students who have nice behaviour
and conduct. If a man has good character, he lives a happy life in
this world. He will also get salvation hereafter. To become a true
mumin, a man must have good character.
The Great Prophet (Sm) says: "True mumins are those who
have good character.
(2) Akhlaq-e-Jameema is that which is hated by all. Bad character,

bad nature, bad habit etc. belong to Akhlaq-e-Zameema. As for
example, telling lies, abusing, stealing, hijacking, doing terrorism,
gambling - all these deeds are hateful, and these belong to Akhlaq-e-
Zameema. Everybody hates his misdeeds. Nobody loves those who
do these bad deeds. Allah, the Great, does not love them too. Even
their parents and relatives do not love them. All the people of the
society hate them. For a good character one should have good
qualities. As for example, to respect the parents and teachers, to
behave well with the neighbours, to speak the truth etc. are good
qualities.
The Character of our beloved Prophet Muhammadur Rasulullah (Sm)
was the best. We are his followers. We must mould our character in
his model.
Muhammad (Sm) had the best character, yet he would pray to

Allah: "O Allah, you have made my physical form beautiful. You
please make my character beautiful too."
We all will pray to Allah for a beautiful character.
To honour the parents
Our parents are the nearest persons to us. They bring up us with love
and affection. They are to suffer much for us. They make sacrifice
Akhlaq (Character) 75
for us. They feed us even by starving themselves if necessay. At the

time of our illness they give us nursing day and night. They pray to
Allah for our recovery from illness.
It is our duty to listen to them and to behave well with them. Allah
Ta'ala says: "You must pray only to me and behave well with the
parents." The Great Prophet (Sm) says: "If the father remains
pleased with the son, then Allah, the Great, also remains pleased
with him." If the father is not obeyed by his son, then Allah does
not remain pleased with him. The Great Prophet (Sm) also says:
"The Jannat of the children lies under the feet of the mother."
Once a Sahabi (follower) of the Great Prophet (Sm) said to him: "O
the Rasul of Allah both my parents are alive. Of whom will I take
care more?" The Great Prophet (Sm) said: "Take care of your
mother". In the same way he asked the same question three times to
the Great Prophet (Sm). And three times the Prophet (Sm) replied:
"Take care of your mother". When he asked the same for the
fourth time the Prophet said: "Take care of your father". We can
understand by this that Allah becomes very pleased if we take care
of the mother and give honour to her. We will also respect our
parents and pray to Allah for them.
Allah has ordered us to pray to Him for our parents. There is one
dua for this: "Rabbir hamhuma kama rabbayani sagira". The
meaning: "O Allah, show kindness to my parents as they brought
up us with love and affection in our childhood." We will listen to
our parents, obey their orders and behave well with them. We will
never hurt them. We will take care of them and pray to Allah for
them.
To honour the teachers
Teachers are also our near and dear ones as our parents are. The
parents bring up us. Teachers give us the light of knowledge. They
teach us how to read and write. We learn from them about different
subjects of knowledge and science. They build up us as real human
beings. We will also honour them as we do to our parents.
Our Great Prophet (Sm) came as a teacher. Teaching is a very

honourable and noble profession. The Great Prophet (Sm)
established a school in Makkah named Darul Arkam. He was a great
teacher there. He would pay respect to the scholars and teachers.
Some of the arrested persons in the battle of Badar knew how to
read and write. He set them free in exchange of teaching some
Muslims of Madinah.
A teacher not only teaches us how to read and write. He also teaches
us to learn good manners, courtesy, good behaviour etc.
Alamgir was an emperor of Delhi. His son would study under a

teacher. He would respect his teacher very much. He obeyed him
and took care of him. One day the emperor saw that his son was
pouring water on the feet of the teacher and the teacher was cleaning
his feet with his own hands. Then the emperor called for the teacher
to his court. The teacher got afraid. He thought that he oredered the
emperor's son to pour water on his feet. Perhaps for that reason the
emperor might be angry with him.
The teacher met the emperor. The emperor told him that his son
seemed that he had not learnt good manners. He only poured water
on your feet. Why did he not clean your feet with his hands?
The teacher became surprised hearing the words of the emperor. His
mind was filled with joy. He said: "Your majesty, you are really
great. You have enhanced the honour of a teacher."
We will also respect our teachers. We will say salam to them. We

will obey their orders and forbiddings. We will study attentively.
Teachers, the superiors, give us the light of education,
We'll take care of them and give them position.
To honour the elders and love the youngers
Our parents love us. The elder brothers and sisters give us their
affection. The grandfathers and the grandmothers also have their
affection for us. In childhood days they caressed us. They brought
up us. The teachers of the school teach us and love us. We will
honour them all. We all will obey them. The senior students and the
neighbours also love us. They are honourable persons. We will
honour them too.
At home there are servants. We will honour them. We will behave

well with them. In buses, trains, launches, steamers etc. many old
men travel. Sometime for want of seats they keep standing. Then we
will stand up and leave the seats for them. They will be pleased at
this and will pray to Allah for us.
We will love our younger brothers and sisters. We will love them all
who are younger to us and read in the lower classes. We will teach
them good lessons. The Great Prophet (Sm) would love the
youngers very much. He honoured the elders. Allah becomes
pleased if one honours the elders and love the youngers. The great
Prophet (Sm) says: "He who does not honour the elders and love the
youngers is not my Ummat (follower)."
We all will honour the elders and love the youngers. Then we will
be able to live togther peacefully.
To behave well with the neighbours
Our Great Prophet (Sm) says: "The man will not enter the heaven
for whose bad conduct his neighbours are not safe." He also says:
"The man is the best one amongst you who is the best one to his
neighbours."
Those who live around us are our neighbours. Besides, the co-
passengers of the launch, the steamer, the bus, the train are like the
neighbours. The hostel-mates in a hostel are also like the neighbours
to a hostel boarder. We all live together in the society. There are
many advantages to live in the society. One is benifited by the others
and gets help at times of danger. If any danger comes, the
neighbours come forward. We will behave well with the neighbours
and live together. We will help them at the time of danger. When
they are ill, we will take care of them. We will give food and clothes
to the poor neighbours. We will also help them giving money. We
will never do anything by which the neighbours may suffer. We

will not throw rubbish here and there. We will not listen to the radio
and casette with high sound. As a result, love and good relationship
will grow among the neighbours.
If we have a bad neighbour, yet we will behave well with him. Imam
Abu Hanifa (Ra) would remain devoted to gathering knowledge and
engaged in ibadat. His nearest neighbour was a cobbler. He was
addicted to singing loudly and making hue and cry. At this the Imam
became annoyed. One day he heard no hue and cry. The Imam
became anxious. He thought enquire the man was in danger. He
tried to about him. He came to know that the police arrested him and
kept under their custody for some offence. The Imam got him
released on bail under his responsibility. The cobbler became
ashamed of his bad conduct. He begged pardon to the Imam. After
that he never created any problem. By showing good behaviour even
a bad neighbour becomes a good one.
We will behave well with a neighbour. At times of danger, we will

help him. We will not do any harm to the neighbour's pet animals
and birds. We will not do any harm to his plants and trees. We will
never do anything for which a neighbour falls in difficulty.
Nursing the patient
Nursing the patient is a principle of Islam. The Great Prophet (Sm)

gave special importance to nursing patients. The Great Prophet (Sm)
says: "Give food to the hungry people, nurse the patient and free the
man who is indebted." The Great Prophet (Sm) would look after the
patient if he was even a man of other religion or a bad enemy.
Sometimes we fall ill. An ill man becomes weak and feels helpless.
He feels unwell. At this moment those who stay near him, should
help him and give nursing to him. They should manage medical
treatment for him.
One old woman was the neighbour of the Great Prophet (Sm). Every
day she would spread thorns on his way. She would laugh from a
distant place if thorns ran into the feet of the Great Prophet (Sm).
One day the Great Prophet (Sm) could not see thorns on his way and
thought whether the old woman was ill. He himself went to her
house to know about her. He found that the old woman was really
ill. Then he nursed her, and she was recovered. The old woman
became ashamed of her misdeed. From then she never put thorns on
the way.
Every day we meet many people. We will say salam to whom we

meet and ask them how they are. We will ask: "How are you?" The
people whom we do not meet, we will enquire of them and try to
remove their problems, if any.
Our beloved Prophet (Sm) would sit turning his face towards his
sahabis (followers) after salat. He then would ask them how they
were. He tried to remove the problem if they had any. We will take
care of the patients and ask about their well-being and enquire about
them.
Speaking the truth
To speak the truth is a great virtue. The man who speaks the truth is
called a truthful man. Everybody trusts and loves a truthful man.
The truthful man is also dear to Allah. The Great Prophet (Sm) was
a truthful man from his boyhood. So he was dear to all.
No body trusts or loves him who tells a lie. Telling lies is the root of
all sins. Allah becomes displeased with him who tells lies.
The Great Prophet (Sm) says: "Truth sets a man free and lie ruins
him." He also says: "Truth leads a man to the path of virtue."
One day a man came to the Great Prophet (Sm) and told him: "I
steal and tell lies and also do many other bad deeds. It is not possible
for me to give up all these bad deeds altogether. You tell me to give
up one bad deed." The Great Prophet (Sm) told him not to tell lies.
The man said: "It is a very easy task.'' Later, it was found that it was
not possible for him to do any bad deed. Because he thought that if
any body asked him of any offence, he would not be able to tell a
lie. If he spoke the truth about that offence he would be ashamed
and would get punishment. In this way, he could save himself from
all kinds of bad deeds only by giving up telling lies.
We'll speak the truth always,
And we'll never tell lies.

Keeping promise
Keeping promise means to act according to the given commitment.

Every foley trusts and like one who keeps words or promises. Allah
Ta'ala becomes pleased with the person who keeps words. The
Prophet (Sm) says: "He is not a religious man who does not keep
words."
The Holy Prophet (Sm) and his companions used to keep promise at
any cost.
There was a ruler in a province of Iran. His name was Hormuzan.

He was a tyrant and betrayer. In a battle, he was arrested by a band
of Muslim soldiers. He was brought before Caliph Umar (R). Umar
(R) said, "O Hormuzan, you killed many Muslims. You also
destroyed many houses of the inncocent people. Death sentence is
the punishment for you. Do you have anything to say before death?"
Hormuzan wanted water to drink. He was given water. He then said,
"Caliph, please give me a word that I will not be killed before I
drink water." Umar (R) gave him word. Cunning Hormuzan threw
away the water and said, "I will not drink water and you also cannot
kill me now."
The Muslim soldiers wanted to kill him. But Umar (R) said, "No,
that cannot be done. The word of a Muslim is much valuable. I have
to keep my commitment even if I have to pay a high price.
Hormuzan cannot be killed. He is now free."
Hormuzan became charmed at this high ideal of Islam. He then

embraced Islam.
We'll always keep our words
And we'll never break promises
Not to be greedy
Not to be greedy is a fine virtue of character. Greed becomes a cause

of a man's sufferings, sorrows and unhappiness. Man is engaged in
various kinds of bad deeds and vices due to greed. A greedy man is
never happy and gets no peace of mind.The more he gets, the more
he wants. We can save ourselves from many vices and diseases if we
keep away ourselves from greed.
The Holy Prophet (Sm) says: "Beware of greed. Greed destroyed

your former generations."
The Divine Book Jabur was revealed on Daud (A). His voice was
very sweet. He could recite the Revealed Book sweetly. Every
Saturday even sea-fish used to come to the shore to hear it from him.
Saturday was their day of Ibadat. It was forbidden by Allah to catch
fish on that day. But some greedy people did not pay heed to this.
On that day they set a trap and caught fish. Allah then sent
punishment on them. They are destroyed.
It is said, " Greed begets sin and sin begets death."
We shall keep ourselves away from the greed of bad deeds.

Not to waste
Many a time we waste many things. As for example, we take so

much food that we don't need and throw that away. To misuse
something needlessy is called wastage. It is a great sin.
Allah says: "Those who make wastage are the brothers of satan."
We keep the light and the fan on and keep the water tap open
uselessly. It causes much wastage. Some keeps the gas oven
burning to save a match stick. Have we ever thought of how much
valuable gas is wasted in this way? All these are wastage. Gas,
water-all these are the gifts of Allah. We shall have to answer to
Him for these acts of wastage.
Some people play with fireworks and crackers which is also wasting
away of money. Again, this causes many dangers like getting fire in
houses. Some fire the haystacks out of fun which may cause
accidents. This is a kind of wastage. Some smoke cigarettes which is
also wastage. It also affects our health badly.
We'll obey Allah's all orders,
And never do wastage of any kinds.
Not to backbite
Not to backbite is a special virtue of character. To speak ill of

others, to speak bad things behind one's back that spoils one's
reputation-all these are gibat in Islamic terminology. Making gibat is

a heinous crime just like eating the flesh of a dead brother.
To find out faults with others is a bad deed. Those who are good
people never go to find out faults with other people. But those who
are bad people find out faults with others.
Allah says: "Do not find out faults with others."
Gibat creates enmity with each other and ruins peace in the society.
No one likes a person who backbites other people.
In this respect the Holy Prophet (Sm) says: "The backbiter will not
enter heaven."
It's a sin to backbite and so also to hear it,
We'll never backbite nor shall we bear it.
Exercise
Tick () the correct answers
1. Which do you call good behaviour and good conduct?
(a) Ibadat (b) Akhlaq
(c) Iman (d) Dua
2. Which one is the great blessing of Allah to a man?
(a) Property (b) Children

(c) Beautiful face (d) Good character
3. Who are our nearest persons?
(a) Neighbours (b) Parents
(c) Brothers and Sisters (d) Friends
4. Under whose feet the paradise (jannat) of the children lies?
(a) the father (b) the teacher
(c) the mother (d) the elders
5. Who helps us grow up as real human beings?
(a) Father (b)Mother
(c) Teacher (d) Neighbour
6. Which emperor enhanced the dignity of teacher?
(a) Akbar (b) Babar
(c) Alamgir (d) Shah Jahan
7. To whom shall we pay our honour?
(a) youngers (b) elders
(c) friends (d) the rich
8. To whom shall we show our affection?
(a) the poor (b) the relatives
(c) the elders (d) the youngers

9. Where does man live?
(a) in market (b) in port
(c) in society (d) in jungle
10. Whenever we are in trouble who comes first to help us?
(a) neighbours (b) relatives
(c) friends (d) the rich
11. Who said, "Nurse the sick?"
(a) Allah (b) Holy Prophet (Sm)
(c) Doctor (d) The wise
12. Who used to spread thorns on the way of the Prophet (Sm)?
(a) a mad man (b) a boy
(c) a girl (d) an old woman.
13. What did our Prophet (Sm) do when he came to know about
the illness of the old woman?
(a) nursed her (b) became pleaset
(c) used abusive words (d) cursed her
14. What do we call him who speaks the truth?
(a) The faithful (b) A person who is entrusted with

something
(c) The truthful (d) One who practises austerity.
15. What does truthfulness give man?
(a) riches (b) friends
(c) freedom (d) misery
16. Which Caliph had talked with Hormuzan?
(a) Abu Bakr(R) (b) Ali (R)
(c) Umar (R) (d) Usman (R)
17. What did Hormuzan want before his death?
(a) milk (b) water
(c) honey (d) fruit
18. "The more he gets, the more he wants." who is he?
(a) a poor man (b) a greedy person
(c) a rich man (d) a beggar
19. To which Prophet the Jabur kitab was revealed?
(a) Musa (A) (b) Isa (A)
(c) Ibrahim (A) (d) Daud (A)
20. What do you call it when anything is wasted unnecessarily?
(a) wastage (b) breach of trust
(c) austerity (d) miserly

21. Those who make wastage are called satan's _________
(a) friends (b) followers
(c) brothers (d) disciple
22. To find fault with others is called __________
(a) criticism (b) jealousy
(c) envy (d) backbiting
23. To speak ill at the back of someone is called _______
(a) violation of trust (b) gibat
(c) blame (d) quarrel.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) We all live together ________ .
(b) There are many ________ living in a society.
(c) We will behave _______ with the neigbours.
(d) Garbages should not be ________ anywhere and everywhere.
Essay Type Questions

1. What should we say in our Munajat to have good character?
2. What do our parents do for us?
3. How should we behave with our parents?
4. What did a companion of the Holy Prophet (Sm) ask him?

5. What dua should we say in our prayer for our parents?
6. What do our teachers do for us?
7. Why was Emperor Alamgir dissatisfied?
8. "Your Majesty, Emperor Alamgir, you are really great." Who

said that and why?
9. How should you behave with your teacher?
10. Write in short the story written in your book about how a
teacher should be respected.
11. What is your duty towards your elders?
12. How will you behave with your youngers?

13. What did our Holy Prophet (Sm) say about paying respect to
the elders and affection to the youngers?
14. Who are our neighbours?
15. What did our Prophet (Sm) say about behaving with our
neighbours?
16. What are your duties to the neighbours?
17. Write in short the story of Imam Abu Hanifa's behaviour with
his neighbour.
18. What will you do if someone is ill?
19. Write an ideal story from our Prophet's (Sm) life about his
nursing a sick person.
20. Who is called a truthful person? What is the idea of a man

about him?
21. What did the Holy Prophet (Sm) say about truth and
falsehood?
22. What do people think of the person who tells lies?
23. "Truth leads to the path of virtue." Write a story in this

connection.
24. What do you understand by 'keeping promise'?
25. What did Umar (R) promise to Hormuzan?
26. What harm does it make if one is greedy?

27. What did our Holy Prophet (Sm) say about greed?
28. What did the greedy people do during the time of Daud (A)
and what punishment came upon them?
29. What do you understand by wastage?
30. What does Allah Ta'ala say about the person who is habituated
with wastage?
31. How does the wastage of gas, electricity and water occur?
32. Describe the bad effects of wastage.
33. What do you understand by backbiting? What sort of crime is

it to speak gibat of others?
34. What are the bad effects of speaking ill of others?
35. What does Allah Ta'ala say about gibat (backbiting)?
36. What does the Holy Prophet (Sm) say about

gibat(backbiting)?
Class work
(a) Make a list how you will show your honour to your parents.
(b) The students will clean the classroom once a week.
(c) Make a list of things how you will show your obedience to
your teachers.
(d) Make a list how you will show honour to the elders.
(e) Make a list how you can perform your duties towards your
neighbours.
(f) Make a list how you can nurse a sick person.
(g) Make a list of the good virtues to form character.

Chapter -V
Nabi and Rasul

(The Prophets)
Who are Nabi and Rasul?

Allah Ta'ala sent Nabi and Rasul to invite and guide people to the
path of Allah. One Messenger (one angel) from Allah would come
to them. The Messenger would teach the Nabi and Rasul the way
how to guide people to the path of Allah. The Nabi and Rasul have
taught us how we should offer ibadat to Allah and pray to Him.
They were fully honest and ideal greatmen. They were specially
lovable servants to Allah.
Allah, the Great, revealed the Heavenly Books to a number of

Prophets (A) through the angel Jibrail (A). They are called Rasuls.
Of them, those who did not have any Heavenly Books are called
Nabis. They had to follow the previously revealed Heavenly Books
to guide the people.
The life and ideals of Hazrat Muhammad (Sm)

The birth and identity of the Prophet (Sm):
Our Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) was the last and greatest
prophet. He was the most lovable Rasul to Allah. He was born in
570 A.D. He was born in the respectable Quraish family of Makkah.
His father's name was Abdullah and mother Amina.
The Prophet (Sm) in youth and his life in Makkah:

The Prophet (Sm) was an orphan. His grandfather Abdul Muttalib
was a leader of the Quraish, and he was brought up by him. After his
death Abu Talib, the Prophet's (Sm) uncle, took care of him. Abu
Talib was also a leader of the Quraish. The Great Prophet like other
boys of Arabia used to tend goats in the grazing fields and help his
uncle in his business. Gradually, he took the charge of running the
big business of Hazrat Khadija (R).
His Marriage:
The Prophet (Sm) married Hazrat Khadija (R) at the age of twenty-
five. Hazrat Khadija(R) was then forty years old.
The condition of Arabia at that time:

At that time, the people of Arabia forgot Allah. They used to
worship hundreds of gods and goddeses and a lot of idols. Even they
kept 360 idols in the Holy Kaaba. They began quarrels, fights and
bloodsheds among themselves even for trifling matters. These
continued for years together. They engaged themselves in the vile
crimes like murder, theft, dacoity, looting and snatching. Gambling,
drinking, usury were day to day affairs in the society. Slaves and
womenfolk were oppressed. Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) had a mind to
stop these kinds of bad activities. So he consulted with his friends
and formed a peace organization called Hilful Fuzul.
Nabi and Rasul 95
The good qualities of the Prophet (Sm):

The Holy Prophet (Sm) was a man of very good virtues. He was
gentle, tender, polite and modest. He was an owner of highly good
character. He used to speak the truth always. He had honesty,
truthfulness and gracious nature. So the people of Makkah called
him Al-Amin. Al-Amin means most trustworthy and a most reliable
custodian. Everybody used to trust him. All kept their valuable
things under his custody. He never broke their trust. The Great
Prophet (Sm) lived a very simple life. He remained pure, neat and
clean.
The Prophet's (Sm) attainment of Nabuwat

(Prophethood):
The Holy Prophet (Sm) attained Nabuwat (prophethood) at the age
of forty. Hazrat Jibrail (A) came to the cave of Hira in Holy Makkah
with the message of Allah. Jibrail (A) informed him that Allah had
chosen him as a Nabi and Rasul.
Preaching Islam in Makkah by the Holy

Prophet (Sm):
Then the Prophet (Sm) started preaching Allah's chosen religion
Islam. He preached, "Allah is one and unique. Hazrat Muhammad
(Sm) is His Nabi and Rasul". He told the people to offer ibadat to
none but Allah. But the non-believers and the idolators (mushriqs)
became angry at this. They all became enemies to him. They started
unspeakable oppression, torture and tribulation even upon his
companions. At last, he and many of his Sahabies (companions)
migrated to Madinah in 622 A.D. At that time he was fifty-two years

old. In Madinah, he lived peacefully together with the people of
different communities. They accepted him as the chief leader of
Madinah. The Great Prophet (Sm) sent messengers to all the races of
Makkah and Madinah and other regions.
The messengers reached the dawah (invitation) of Islam to them.

But the Quraish with many other races opposed the Muslims. Many
battles took place at Badr, Uhud, Khandaq and at many places.
Finally, Islam was victorious.
The Holy Prophet's (Sm) good conduct and

showing dignity to labour:
The Holy Prophet (Sm) loved all the high and low, the rich and
poor,
Nabi and Rasul 97
and the servants and maid servants in the same manner. He had
sweet behaviours to slaves. He never hated or abused or beat them.
He purchased many slaves from others and set them free. Hazrat
Anas (R) said, "I had served the Prophet (Sm) for ten years but he
never scolded me saying, 'Why didn't you do this or that'?" He
would himself do his own work. He would wash his own clothes and
clean his house. He would collect dry firewood for cooking and
milked goats. The holy mosque "Masjid-e-Nabawi" was constructed
after his Hijrat (migration) to Madinah. During that time he himself
carried stones. In the Battle of Khandaq, he himself dug the trenches
and carried the mud away.
The Holy Prophet (Sm) said, "Those who work for you, are your
brothers. Whatever you eat, feed them the same. Give them the
same quality of dress as you wear. Help them when there is a
hard work." He also said, "Pay the labourer for his labour
before the sweat of his body is dried up."
Devotion to mother and showing dignity to women:

In those days, people would oppress the womenfolk. Baby daughters
were buried alive. Mothers were not given due honour and behaved
like servants. Women did not inherit the father's or the husband's
property after his death.
The Holy Prophet (Sm) gave special emphasis to look after mothers
and honour and respect them. He gave due dignity to women. He
declared women's right to the father's and husband's property left by
them. The Holy Prophet (Sm) gave high dignity to womenfolk. He
said, "Paradise for a child lies at the feet of a mother".
Kindness and forgiveness of the Holy Prophet (Sm):

The Prophet (Sm) was the model of kindness and forgiveness. He
used to show kindness and forgiveness to all. He never took revenge
upon his enemy even if he got him within his reach. Rather he
forgave him. As a result, even the non-believers were impressed by
his generosity and embraced Islam in a body.
The Quraish of Makkah gave him and his companions unbearable

torture. But he declared general amnesty to them after his victory of
Makkah.
The Prophet's (Sm) kindness to animals:

The Prophet (Sm) loved birds and animals very much. He did not
like to trouble any animals or creatures unnecessarily. Cattle, goats,
chicken etc. are domestic pets. He urged people to give them food
and water timely. Once a companion of the Prophet (Sm) came to
him with a young bird. The mother bird was crying and flying over
his (companion's) head. The Prophet (Sm) rebuked him for this act
of cruelty and asked him to leave the young bird to its nest.
The life and character of the Prophet (Sm) is the best model for us.
Allah says:
(Surely in the life of the Prophet there lies the best model for
you.)
We are the Ummat of the Holy Prophet (Sm). We will follow him in
all the activities of our life.
Nabi and Rasul 99
Death of the Prophet (Sm):

The Holy Prophet (Sm) died on the 12th Rabiul Awal of the 11th
Hijjri. According to English calendar, he died on the 7th June in 632
AD at the age of 63. He is the last Nabi and Rasul. No other Nabi or
Rasul will come to earth upto the doomsday. His holy grave is at the
Masjid-e-Nababi.
The names of some other Nabi-Rasuls:

Our Holy Prophet (Sm) is the last Nabi and Rasul. No more Nabi or
Rasul will be sent by Allah in this world. Many Nabis and Rasuls
came to the world before him. In Class III, we came to know some
of them. The names of some other Nabis and Rasuls are given
below:
1. Hazrat Hud (A)
2. Hazrat Salih (A)
3. Hazrat Lut (A)
4. Hazrat Ishaq (A)
5. Hazrat Yakub (A)
6. Hazrat Shuaib (A)
7. Hazrat Ayub (A)
8. Hazrat Musa (A)
9. Hazrat Ilyas (A)
10. Hazrat Al-Yasa (A)
11. Hazrat Julkifal (A)
12. Hazrat Jakariah (A)
We will pay our respect to all the Nabis and Rasuls. We will say
'Alaihissalam' when we will utter any of their names. We must
believe that all of them were sent by Allah. But we will follow our
Prophet (Sm). In the way of life, we will follow him and his guidance.
Hamd-e-Ilahi
-- Kazi Nazrul Islam
O my Lord, please listen to the munajat of my heart,

My heart utters Thine holy name all day and night.
I pray to Thee so that my ear can hear Thine Kalam,
And my eyes can see the ayats of the Holy Qur'an.
If I am in distress in any moment,

I want to utter the Kalima all day and night.
And, O my dear Lord, I earnestly pray to Thee
That my hands be devoted to sweep Thine mosque.
My dear Lord, I feel Thine presence

Everytime of my weal and woe
I feel Thine presence in my eyes and heart,
And to my thirsty soul, Thou art the spring of A'be-hayat.

Nabi and Rasul 101
Na't-e-Rasul (Sm)
-- Farrukh Ahmad
O our Nur Nabi Hazrat,
We are your dear ummat.
O our kind hearted Prophet,
You are the sun of light.
You have offered us your love
And showed us the path of life.
We need to follow the path shown by you,
We need to speak about you,
We need to get Iman and Izzat
In the light offered by you.
We, the people of the world, love you
And we get courage by loving you.

Exercise

Tick () the correct answers:
1. When was the Holy Prophet (Sm) born?
(a) 575 AD. (b) 570 AD.
(c) 550 AD. (d) 560 AD.
2. In which family was the Prophet (Sm) born?
(a) Gifar (b) Aws
(c) Quraish (d) Khajraj
3. How was the character of Muhammad (Sm)?
(a) average (b) good
(c) best (d) ordinary
4. Who taught us how to offer ibadat and prayer?
(a) Islamic Scholars (b) Teachers
(c) Nabis and Rasuls (d) Disciples.
5. The Heavenly Books were revealed on________
(a) Nabis (b) Rasuls
(c) Islamic Scholars (d) Muftis
6. The name of the father of our Prophet (Sm) was-
(a) Abdul Muttalib (b) Abu Talib
(c) Abdullah (d) Abul Hashim
Nabi and Rasul 103
7. How many idols were there in the Holy Kaaba?

(a) 365 (b) 370
(c) 361 (d) 360
8. At what age did the Prophet (Sm) get married?
(a) at 25 (b) at 40
(c) at 24 (d) at 35
9. At what age Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) performed Hijrat?
(a) 50 years (b) 52 years
(c) 51 years (d) 55 years
10. Who was called Al-Amin?
(a) Hazrat Abu Bakr (R) (b) Hazrat Omar (R)
(c) Hazrat Musa(A) (d) Hazrat Muhammad (Sm)
11. The best of ideals for the Muslims is _____
(a) Ibraahim (A) (b) Musa (A)
(c) Adam (A) (d) Muhammad (Sm)
Fill in the blanks:
(a) The name of the father of our Holy Prophet (Sm) was________
(b) ____________ means the most trustworthy.
(c) ____________ lies under the feet of a mother.
(d) We are the ___________ of the Holy Prophet (Sm).
Essay - type questions

1. Where is the birth place of our Prophet (Sm)?
2. What are the names of the parents of our Prophet (Sm)?
3. Whose title was 'Al-Amin'?
4. At what age did the Prophet (Sm) get Nabuwat (Prophethood)?
5. What did the Prophet (Sm) say about behaving with the
servants?
6. What is said by Allah about the character of the Prophet (Sm)?
7. To whom did our Prophet (Sm) send messengers and what for?
8. What did the Prophet say about the dignity of womenfolk?
Class Work
1. Make a list of ten ideal qualities of the Holy Prophet (Sm).
2. Make a list of the names of seven Nabi and Rasuls.
THE END

Class Four Islam

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Prescribed by National Curriculum and Textbook Board as a Textbook (Bangla version)

RELIGIOUS STUDIES: ISLAM

Md. Abul Kalam Shamsuddin

NATIONAL CURRICULUM & TEXTBOOK BOARD, DHAKA

[All rights reserved by the publisher]

Md. Hemayet Uddin Howlader

Website version developed by Mars Solutions Limited

Prof. Md. Mostafa Kamaluddin

The meaning of 'Iman' is faith. As a religion, Islam has

Who is Allah, the Great?

To have Iman, we must know about Allah. Allah is He who

natural things and beings we see on earth. It is He who looks

Allahu Khaliqun. Allah is Khaliq. The word 'Khaliq' means

Allah, the Lord

Allahu Malikun. Allah is Malik. Malik means lord. Allah is the

Whatever we see in this world belongs to Allah. In the sky, we

Allah, the All-Powerful

Allahu Qadeerun. Allah is Qadeer. Qadeer means All-Powerful.

owner of unlimited power. He has the power to do everything.

If Allah, the Great, wishes to do good to anybody, no one can

Allah, the Law-Giver

Allahu Hakimun. Allah is Hakim. Hakim means the law-

We believe that Allah is the sole Owner of everything. He says, "Allah

Allah, the Peace -Giver

Allahu Salamun. Allah is Salam. Salam means peace. Allah

Allah is the Giver of peace and happiness. He gets peace of

Kalimatu Shahadatin. Kalima means sentence or saying or

Laasharika lahu wa-ash hadu anna

Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluhu.

There are two parts in Kalima Shahadat:

Iman Muzmal (Faith in brief)

We believe that Allah is One and Unique. He is the Owner

called Mumins or believers.

Amantu billaahi kama hua

Meaning: I believe in Allah as He is and with all His names and

Iman Mufassal (Detailed faith)

In our previous lesson we have learnt about Iman Muzmal.

Day of Judgement and some other aspects of Iman in detail. We

Iman Mufassal (Detailed Faith):

kutubihee wa-rasulihee wal yaumil

akhiri wal-qadri khairihee wa

sharrihee minal-laahi ta'ala

Wal ba'si ba' dal maut

Meaning: I have faith in Allah, His angels, His Books

We accept seven aspects in Iman-Mufassal:

3. Kitabs (Heavenly Books);

The First Aspect of Iman: Faith in Allah

When we think good, do good and speak good, Allah becomes

The Second Aspect of Iman: Belief in the angels

Hazrat Jibrail (A): He used to come to the Prophets

Hazrat Mikail (A): He does the duties of distributing food and

Hazrat Azrail (A): He is the angel of death. He takes away the

Hazrat Israfil (A): At the order of Allah, he will blow the

Moreover, there are two groups of famous angels. One group of

The Third Aspect of Iman : Belief in the Asmani

There are 104 Heavenly Books. Four of them are big

The Qur'an Majid was revealed on the greatest Prophet

The Fourth Aspect of Iman: Belief in the Nabi-Rasuls

We enjoy the gifts of Allah. It was not known to us how we

Now we will learn the names of some other prophets.

Allah declares: "All the creations will be destroyed but only

The Seventh Aspect of Iman : Belief in the life

will suffer from endless punishment and torture.

(c) Everlasting (d) The merciful.