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Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Àofcnk
Fkicocncgoks - Vcpgs fk Ykdànuags ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////2
Vk`l < - [sg fk als vàls Xýbacnls//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6
Vk`l 2 „ Ykagncflf //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////4
<
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Ncnag ' bcncnaktl= Ykdànuag fk fgs rukfls pgr ag `kogs! lnncgolfg pgr ka ksiukrzg `usnualr fk
als pkrsgols quk ag gnuplo! ko plrtcnualr `kfclotk pkflaks g `locvkals/
2
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Lutg`þvca= Ykdànuag fk `gtgr quk scrvk! ogr`la`kotk! plrl ka trlospgrtk fk pkrsgols g ngsls! g fk l`bls l al vkz!
g plrl al trlnncþo fk gtrgs vkdànuags ngo lquka ico/ ^k kxnauyko fk kstl fkicocncþo ags vkdànuags kspknclaks/
@gtgncnaktl= @gtgr fk ncacofrlfl supkrcgr l ;8 n` >! y'g ngo uol vkagncflf `ìxc`l
supkrcgr l 6; j`'d/
Vurcs`g= Lutg`þvca fkstcolfg la trlospgrtk fk pkrsgols quk tkoel! pgr ag `kogs! nultrg
rukfls y quk tkoel! lfk`ìs fka lsckotg fka ngofuntgr! gndg palzls ng`g `ìxc`g/
Ykdànuag kspkncla= Ykdànuag! lutgprgpuaslfg g rk`ganlfg! ngonkbcfg y ngostrucfg plrl rklaczlr gbrls g skrvcncgs
fktkr`colfgs y quk! pgr sus nlrlntkràstcnls! kstì kxnkptulfg fk nu`pacr laeuol fk als ngofcncgoks tãnocnls kxcecfls
ko kstk Rkeal`kotg g sgbrkplsl pkr`lokotk`kotk ags aà`ctks kstlbakncfgs ko ka `cs`g plrl `lsls g fc`koscgoks!
lsà ng`g al `lqucolrcl leràngal y sus rk`gaquks/
>
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Lrnão=
g Ags ncnags/
g Xkltgoks y Loc`laks/
g Ngndks fk `cousvìacfg/
g Ags quk ncrnuako pgr k`krekoncl! pkrturblofg al ncrnualncþo! dlstl >/;88 je/
Ogtl= Xukfko cr ko ngau`ol fk fgs ags ncnacstls $tlotg pgr ka lrnão ng`g pgr al nlazlfl# y ags ncnag`gtgrks fk 2 rukfls
$sgag pgr ka lrnão#/
Xlrtks fk al vàl=
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Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Ogr`ls fk ngofuntl=
Xrgdcbcncgoks=
g
Ka ngofuntgr og pukfk uslr Cotkrokt! fvf! g `goctgrks slavg ka scstk`l EX^/
g Ncrnualr ngo ocvkaks fk du`g g rucfg pgr konc`l fk ag pkr`ctcfg/
g Ncrnualr ngo ka ksnlpk acbrk g sco scakonclfgr $cr sco tubg fk ksnlpk#/
Ncrnualncþo fk vkdànuags=
Yàls cotkrurblols= Kstls vàls kstìo sctulfls iukrl fk pgbalfg y ncrnualrk`gs pgr ka nlrrca fkrkndg ng`g ogr`l ekokrla/
Cotkrurblol fk > nlrrcaks y Fgbak skotcfg/ Cotkrurblol fk > nlrrcaks plrl ka `cs`g skotcfg
^k ncrnual pgr ka nlrrca fk al fkrkndl y sk ^k ncrnualrl pgr ka nlrrca fk al fkrkndl y pgfk`gs utcaczlr ags
pukfk utcaczlr ka nkotrla ko l`bgs skotcfgs sgag fk`ìs nulofg ag oknksctk`gs! `kogs ags vkdànuags ngo
plrl lfkalotl`ckotgs y nl`bcgs fk fcrknncþo l rk`gaquk fk `ìs fk 5` fk agoectuf y nl`cgoks fk `ìs fk
al czquckrfl/ >/;88Je kstgs og pgfrìo utcaczlr ka sctulfg `ìs l al czquckrfl/
Yàls urblols= ^go als vàls quk kstìo sctulfls fkotrg fk pgbalfg conaucfls als trlvksàls/
;
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Nlrrca Bus=
Cofcnl al prgdcbcncþo l ags ngofuntgrks fk ags vkdànuags quk og sklo fk trlospgrtk ngakntcvg fk ncrnualr pgr ka nlrrca
cofcnlfg/ Al `koncþo tlxc lutgrczl tl`bcão l ags tlxcs al utcaczlncþo fk kstk nlrrca/
Ko ags trl`gs ko quk al `lrnl balonl agoectufcola kstã ngostctucfl! ko ka alfg kxtkrcgr fk kstk nlrrca! pgr uol aàokl
fcsngotcoul! sk pkr`ctk su utcaczlncþo ekokrla kxnauscvl`kotk plrl rklaczlr laeuol `locgbrl quk og skl al fk plrlr!
kstlncgolr! nl`bclr ka skotcfg fk al `lrndl g lfkalotlr! fkmlofg sck`prk prkikrkoncl l ags lutgbusks y! ko su nlsg!
l ags tlxcs/
Nlrrcaks Kspknclaks=
Kstl tlbal `ukstrl uo pkquküg rksu`ko'ksquk`l fgofk fk uol `lokrl iìnca y rìpcfl pgfk`gs `k`grczlr als
ogr`ls quk dly quk rkspktlr ko ags nlrrcaks= Rkvkrscbaks! Lfcncgolaks y ko ^kotcfg ngotrlrcg la dlbctula/
Ngo kstg fkbk`gs ngoskeucr! lotk nulaquckr prkeuotl sgbrk kstgs nlrrcaks slbkr nuìaks sgo als gbacelncgoks nulofg
ncrnuak`gs pgr kaags/
R/L/^
9
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Bukog vl`gs l ng`kozlr kxpacnlofg kstgs nlrrcaks y plrl ksg quckrg quk gs icmãcs ko al prc`krl aktrl fk nlfl nlrrca
quk dk ngagnlfg ko ngagr vkrfk! ksls aktrls sc als muotl`gs igr`lo al plalbrl RL^ kstl plalbrl fkbãcs fk lprkofkral y
lsà nulofg gs slael laeuol prkeuotl rkalncgolfl ngo kstgs nlrrcaks fkbãcs lsgnclr al pgscncþo fk al prc`krl aktrl ko
kstl `ìecnl plalbrl! uo kmk`pag=
^c ogs prkeuotlo pgr uo nlrrca Lfcncgola! ogsgtrgs fkbk`gs fk pkoslr ko al plalbrl RL^ y lsgnclrag ngo al aktrl L $fk
lfcncgola# quk ko kstk nlsg gnupl ka skeuofg auelr fk al plalbrl RL^ y la gnuplr ka skeuofg auelr tckok 2
gbacelncgoks'rkstrcnncgoks! sc pgr kmk`pag ogs prkeuotlo pgr ka Rkvkrscbak la gnuplr ka prc`kr auelr $fk al plalbrl
RL^# sgag tckok < gbacelncþo y sc prkeuotlo pgr ka ^kotcfg ngotrlrcg la kstlr ko tkrnkr auelr al ^ puks tckok >
gbacelncgoks/
[ol vkz ngotrgalfg ksg ks sgag slbkr quk al prc`krl gbacelncþo ks ka lau`brlfg! al skeuofl al vkagncflf y al tkrnkrl al
rkstrcnncþo fk lnnksg/
Rkvkrscbak= Ogr`la`kotk ag kongotrl`gs ko vàls fk pgbalfg! kstlrìo skülaczlfgs ngo sk`ìigrgs fk nlrrca y
`lrnls vclaks fcsngotcouls fgbaks/ Al ncrnualncþo pukfk kstlr rkeualfl ko uo skotcfg g ko gtrg/
Lfcncgola= Kstk nlrrca ag pukfko uslr tgfgs ags vkdànuags kxnkptg ags gbacelfgs l ncrnualr pgr ka lrnão/
Al vkagncflf y lau`brlfg likntlo l tgfgs ags vkdànuags quk ncrnualo pgr al nlazlfl/
^kotcfg ngotrlrcg= Kstk nlrrca og sk pkr`ctk= lfkalotlr! fkspalzl`ckotgs altkrlaks y ltrlvkslr ngogs/
Ag pukfko utcaczlr=
Og ag pukfko utcaczlr=
5
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Vk`l 2 „ Ykagncflf
Vcpgs fk vkagncflf=
g Ykagncflf lfknulfl= ks lflptlr al vkagncflf l als ncrnuostloncls fka trìicng! al vcscbcacflf! al vàl! fka vkdànuag
y fka ngofuntgr! ks al vkagncflf pkrikntl ko tgfg `g`kotg/ Ncrnualr l al vkagncflf ngrrkntl og supgok uo
rckseg/
g Ykagncflf colfknulfl= ks og lflptlr al vkagncflf l als ncrnuostloncls/ Ks uol fk als prconcplaks nlusl fk
lnncfkotks/ Ncrnualr l al vkagncflf congrrkntl supgok uo ERLO rckseg/
g Ykagncflf kxnkscvl= ks supkrlr ags aà`ctks fk vkagncflf/
g Ykagncflf fk fcsküg= ks al vkagncflf `ìxc`l skeurl ko ngofcncgoks ilvgrlbaks skeýo ka trlzlfg fk al vàl/
g Ykagncflf `ìxc`l= Ks ka aà`ctk fk vkagncflf `ìxc`g fk al vàl/ Xgr kmk`pag ko pgbalfg ;8 j`'d/
g Ykagncflf ac`ctlfl= Ks uo aà`ctk fk vkagncflf pgr fkblmg fka `ìxc`g fkbcfg l laeýo pkacerg/
g Ykagncflf `àoc`l= Ks ag `ìs fksplncg quk pgfk`gs ncrnualr ngo skeurcflf/
g Ykagncflf logr`la`kotk rkfuncfl= Ks ncrnualr pgr fkblmg fk al vkagncflf `àoc`l/ Kstì prgdcbcfg sc og kxcstk
uo `gtcvg quk ag mustcicquk/ Ks ngrrkntg ko nlsg fk lvkràl! `la tck`pg! ltlsngs! ktn///
Kikntgs fk al vkagncflf=
g RKF[NK ka nl`pg vcsula $kikntg týoka#! quk ks `uy pkacergsg ko cotkrsknncgoks y ko fkspalzl`ckotgs
altkrlaks ko lutgpcstl g lutgvàl/
g Lu`kotl al iltcel y al lerkscvcflf/
g Fcs`couyk al nlplncflf fk rklnncþo/
g Fcicnuatl ka ngotrga fka vkdànuag/
g Fcs`couyk al nlplncflf fk lotcncplncþo/
4
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Og fkbg supkrlr…
Ng`plrtko al vàl
ngofuntgrks y pkltgoks!
ngo ags `cs`gs fkrkndgs/ Xukfg kongotrlr vkdànuags fk
irkotk la lfkalotlr/
Ko uo lnncfkotk l `ìs fk <28 j`'d ks `kogr al
[o ltrgpkaag l `ìs fk ;8 prgblbcacflf fk quk sgbrkvcvls y ks `ìs fciànca
j`'d ks `grtla ko uo Xukfko kotrlr loc`laks!
pkltgoks u gtrgs vkdànuags pgr ags ngotrgalr nulaquckr tcpg fk `locgbrl g sctulncþo
;8+/ cokspkrlfl/
altkrlaks fk al vàl/
[o ltrgpkaag l `ìs fk 48
j`'d ks `grtla nlsc <88+/
Vlbal fk vkagncflfks=
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Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Als nlrrktkrls ngovkoncgolaks sgo vàls sctulfls iukrl fk pgbalfg quk og sgo= lutgpcstls! lutgvàls g vàls plrl
lutg`þvcaks/
Nulofg ncrnuak`gs pgr uol fk kstls vàls tkok`gs quk lolaczlr 2 puotgs plrl slbkr nuìa ks su vkagncflf `ìxc`l=
Xuotg <= Ngotlr ags nlrrcaks fk ags quk fcspgok plrl nlfl skotcfg! sc al ngovkoncgola quk kstl`gs utcaczlofg tckoks 2 g
`ìs nlrrcaks plrl ka `cs`g skotcfg! al vkagncflf `ìxc`l skrì <88j`'d! sc sgag tckok uo nlrrca plrl nlfl skotcfg
38j`'d/
Xuotg 2= @crlr ka lrnão fk al vàl! sc tckok <!; `ktrgs y kstl plvc`kotlfg y trlosctlbak al vkagncflf `ìxc`l skrì
<88j`'d! sc ka lrnão `cfk `kogs g og kstl plvc`kotlfg al vkagncflf `ìxc`l skrì 38j`'d/
Kmk`pags=
^co lrnko g coikrcgr l <!;/ Lrnko fk <!;` g supkrcgr plvc`kotlfg Fgs nlrrcaks plrl uo `cs`g
^co fgs nlrrcaks plrl ka `cs`g skotcfg/ y trlosctlbak/ skotcfg/
Gtrls vkagncflfks=
<8
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Iukrl fk pgbalfg=
Congrpgrlncþo la trìicng=
Nulofg ogs congrpgrl`gs la trìicng fkbk`gs dlnkrag l uol vkagncflf quk ogs pkr`ctl fktkokrogs ko nlsg fk tkokr
quk nkfkr ka plsg/
La vkdànuag quk sk congrpgrl OG ^K AK NKFK KA XL^G pkrg ^C ^K AK ILNCACVL AL CONGRXGRLNCGO
Lfkalotl`ckotgs=
l# Nulofg uo vkdcn/ nl`bck fk fcrknncþo l al czquckrfl! ak pgfk`gs lfkalotlr pgr al fkrkndl fkotrg y iukrl fk pgbalfg/
b# Ko pgbalfg nulofg tkoel`gs 2 g `ìs nlrrcaks plrl ka `cs`g skotcfg y kstão fkac`ctlfgs/
n# Ko pgbalfg l ags trlovàls quk ncrnuako pgr ka nkotrg/
l# Nulofg sk lfkalotl FKOVRG fk pgbalfg dly quk fkmlr ngo ka gtrg vkdànuag uol skplrlncþo altkrla prgpgrncgola l al
vkagncflf y al londurl fk al nlazlfl/
b# ^c ka lfkalotl`ckotg ks I[KRL fk pgbalfg sk fkml=
<<
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
¡Ogtl, -Ng`g ogr`l ekokrla ngo uo vkdànuag fk `ìs fk >/;88 je og pgfk`gs lplrtlrogs la lrnão! oc pgokr ka
cotkr`ctkotk fkrkndg! plrl ilncactlr uo lfkalotl`ckotg/-
k# Ko cotkrsknncgoks! kxnkptg=
^c tkok`gs prkikrkoncl! sc pgfk`gs lfkalotlr/
Luoquk og tkoel`gs prkikrkoncl tl`bcão pgfk`gs lfkalotlr sc ka fk fkalotk ks=
uo vkdànuag fk 2 rukfls/
sc ks uol palzl g eagrcktl/
Nulofg ka fk fkalotk vl l nl`bclr fk fcrknncþo l al czquckrfl sk ak pukfk lfkalotlr pgr al fkrkndl/
5/ La lfkalotlr l=
Loc`laks Ykdànuags plrl pkrsgols fk `gvcacflf rkfuncfl
Xkltgoks Ncnag`gtgrks
Ncnags Ykdànuags fk trlnncþo loc`la
Fkbk`gs covlfcr ka nlrrca fk la alfg tgtla g plrncla`kotk! luoquk pcsk`gs uol aàokl ngotcoul/
4/ Og sk ngoscfkrl lfkalotl`ckotg nulofg uo vkdànuag vl `ìs rìpcfg quk gtrg ko kstgs nlsgs=
l# Ko vàls slturlfls $ltlsng#/
b# Ko nlrrcaks fk lnkakrlncþo! fk fknkakrlncþo g nlrrcaks B[^! BCNC/
n# Ags prgfuncfgs kotrk ncnacstls quk ncrnuako ko erupg/
<2
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
</ [ol fcstloncl plrl Og ngacscgolr ngo ka vkdànuag quk `k prknkfk $fkalotk# y pkr`ctcr la quk `k sceuk lfkalotlr`k
ngo skeurcflf/
2/ [ol fcstloncl plrl Og ngacscgolr ngo ka quk `k prknkfk $fkalotk# ko nlsg fk irkolfl fk k`krekoncl/
>/ [ol fcstloncl fk ;8 `ktrgs ngo ka vkdànuag quk ogs prknkfk $fkalotk#/
Al fcstloncl O½ < lrrcbl cofcnlfl sk lpacnl ko vàls cotkrurblols$iukrl fk pgbalfg# nulofg ags nlrrcaks kstão
fkac`ctlfgs$ngo aàokls# y og kstã prgdcbcfg lfkalotlr/
Al fcstloncl O½ > sk lpacnl l vkdànuags quk `cflo `ìs fk <8 `ktrgs fk agoectuf $alreg# g pksko `ìs fk >/;88je/
<>
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
<6
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
@lrndl ltrìs=
Ouonl sk pukfk utcaczlr oc ko lutgpcstls oc ko lutgvàls/ ^à sk pukfk ko als fk`ìs nlrrktkrls pkrg sgag fk fgs igr`ls=
< OG sk pukfk rkngrrkr * fk <; `ktrgs OC covlfcr uo nrunk sc al utcaczg plrl kstlncgolr g cocnclr al `lrndl/
2 ^C sk pukfk rkngrrkr * fk <; `ktrgs y tl`bcão covlfcr uo nrunk sc al utcaczg plrl slacr fk uol nlaak sco
slacfl $nulofg og pukfg cr oc dlncl fkalotk! oc l al fkrkndl! oc l al czquckrfl! oc nl`bclr ka skotcfg#/
Co`gvcaczlncgoks=
XLRLFL= Ks al co`gvcaczlncþo vgauotlrcl quk furl @KOG^ fk 2 `coutgs y quk ka ngofuntgr og lblofgok ka vkdcn/ $^c
tk pukfks blmlr#/
K^VLNCGOL@CKOVG= Ks al co`gvcaczlncþo vgauotlrcl quk furl 2 `coutgs g @Ì^! G tl`bcão al quk furl `kogs fk 2
`coutgs y ka ngofuntgr sc LBLOFGOL ka vkdànuag/
Ko Lutgpcstl y Lutgvàls kstl prgdcbcfg plrlr y kstlncgolr kxnkptg quk ag dlel`gs ko ags auelrks dlbcactlfgs plrl
kaag/
Ko Nlrrktkrls Ngovkoncgolaks sk pukfk plrlr y kstlncgolr sc sk dlnk iukrl fk al nlazlfl y iukrl fka lrnão trlosctlbak/
^ck`prk ko ka alfg fkrkndg/
Ko Yàls [rblols y Vrlvksàls sk pukfk plrlr y kstlncgolr ko nulaquckr auelr sc og dly uol sküla g ogr`l quk ag
prgdàbl=
< ^c al vàl ks fk fgbak skotcfg= Ko ka alfg fkrkndg/
2 ^c al vàl ks fk skotcfg ýocng= Ko l`bgs alfgs/
XRGDCBCNCGOK^=
<;
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
>/ Ko fgbak ical $sc lfk`ìs ag dleg sco ngofuntgr sk ngoscfkrl `ìs erlvk#/
6/ Nlrel y fksnlrel/
Ogr`ls fk kstlncgol`ckotg=
</ Xlrlr ka `gtgr y lskeurlrsk fk quk og sk pukfk uslr ka vkdànuag sco oukstrl lutgrczlncþo/
2/ Lnncgolr ka irkog fk kstlncgol`ckotg/
>/ Ko pkofckotks lsnkofkotk= Xgokr al <ª vkagncflf $`lrndl#/
Ko pkofckotks fksnkofkotks= Xgokr `lrndl ltrìs/
6/ ^c aakvl`gs rk`gaquk= Ngagnl`gs nlazgs ko kstk g lpgyl`gs als rukfls ko ka bgrfcaag/
Ko sctulncgoks fk k`krekoncl=
Ko l`bgs nlsgs sk pgofrìo l ;8` ng`g @COC@G fka vkdànuag y quk skl vcscbak fksfk <88` ng`g @COC@G pgr ags
fk`ìs usulrcgs/
<9
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Ko kstrkndl`ckotgs=
Ko nlsg fk quk fgs vkdànuags sk konukotrko ko uo kstrkndl`ckotg! plrl slbkr nula plsl prc`krg sk lpacnlrl=
<5
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
>/- ^c og sk slbk qucko dl kotrlfg prc`krg! plsl ka quk tkoel `ìs fcicnuatlf fk `locgbrl/ Vlbal fk Grfko=
6/- ^c ags vkdànuags sgo fka `cs`g tcpg! plsl prc`krg ka quk tkoel quk flr `lrndl ltrìs `ìs `ktrgs/
;/- ^c tckoko quk flr `lrndl ltrìs ags `cs`gs `ktrgs! plsl prc`krg ka fk `ìs londurl! `lsl g agoectuf/
Ko pkofckotks=
Ko pkofckotks ka vkdànuag quk lsnckofk $subk# tckok prkikrkoncl ng`g ogr`l ekokrla! ^LAYG quk pukfl kstk aakelr l uo
lplrtlfkrg y kotrl ko ka plrl ilncactlr ka plsg l ags quk vckoko ko skotcfg ngotrlrcg/
<4
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Ko gbrls=
Nulofg al nlazlfl kstk ko gbrls! prkstlrk`gs ltkoncþo kspkncla`kotk l als skülaks ngagnlfls pgr ka pkrsgola fk gbrls
g sc kstìo kaags prkskotks l ag quk kaags ogs cofcquko/
Ncnacstls=
Loc`laks=
Ncrnualrìo ngo als skülaks au`cogsls y lnýstcnls l al vkz g sþag als au`cogsls/
Xukfko OG nu`pacr als ogr`ls fk trìicng y fkbk gbkfknkr sck`prk l ags lekotks/
Nulofg ags vkl`gs fkbk`gs ilncactlr ka plsg lplrtìofgogs k conausg fktkocãofgogs/
2/- Ykdànuags OG prcgrctlrcgs= sgo vkdànuags plrtcnualrks quk rklaczlo uo skrvcncg urekotk/
Fkbk`gs nu`pacr tgfls als ogr`ls fka trìicng y fkbk`gs cr skülaczìofgag ngo al auz fk k`krekoncl! plüukag!
nalxgo! ktn///
^ctulncgoks fk K`krekoncl=
<3
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
l# Xgr k`krekoncl=
Lplelr `gtgr! konkofkr auz k`krekoncl y pgscncþo y trcìoeuags/
Lblofgolr ka vkdànuag y `lrndlr l uo rkiuecg g slacr fka týoka/
28
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Vrlospgrtk fk `krnlonàls=
Ouonl sk pukfk supkrlr al `lsl `ìxc`l lutgrczlfl $@/@/L/#/ $Xksg tgtla quk og pgfrì supkrlr vukstrg vkdànuag
conaucfl al nlrel#
</-Vurcs`gs
Ko uo turcs`gs sk pukfko trlospgrtlr kqucplmks! pkrg kxnkpncgola`kotk sk lutgrczl trlospgrtlr nlrel quk og skl
kqucplmk y quk pukflo sgbrkslacr fka vkdànuag sgag XGR FKVRÌ^=
^c ks FCYC^CBAK <8+ $quk sk pukfk fcvcfcr! kmk`pag= uol bcncnaktl pgfràl`gs quctlrak uol rukfl plrl quk gnupk
`kogs#
^c ks COFCYC^CBAK <;+ $og sk pukfk fcvcfcr! kmk`pag= uol vcel fk dckrrg#
Ko l`bgs nlsgs sk pgofrì ka ploka fk rlyls rgmls y balonls tlotg fk fàl ng`g fk ogndk y lfk`ìs pgr al ogndk uol auz
rgml/
2<
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Agoectuf=
^c `cfko fk alreg ;` g `kogs! pukfk sgbrkslacr <'> $uo tkrncg# fk al agoectuf fka vkdànuag pgr fkalotk y pgr fktrìs/
^c `cfko `ls fk ;`! pukfk sgbrkslacr dlstl 2` pgr fkalotk y >` pgr fktrìs! pkrg quk og supkrk ko tgtla <2 `/
^c ka vkdànuag `cfk @KOG^ fk uo `ktrg fk londg $`gtgs#! og pukfk sgbrkslacr pgr fkalotk! pkrg sà pgr fktrìs
8!2;`/
Londurl=
^c ka vkdànuag `cfk fk londg <` g `ìs! pukfk sgbrkslacr dlstl 8!68` pgr nlfl alfg fka vkdànuag! pkrg sco supkrlr ko
tgtla 2!;;`/
^c ka vkdànuag `cfk @KOG^ fk uo `ktrg fk londg $`gtgs#! pukfk sgbrkslacr 8!;8` l nlfl alfg fka KMK fka vkdànuag/
^külaczlncþo fk al nlrel=
fk fàl og sk skülaczl/
fk ogndk sk pgok uol auz balonl/
22
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
OGR@L^=
vl bcko`gtgs!
6/ Als sumktl/ncnag`gtgrks y bcncnaktls pukfko aakvlr rk`gaquk! pkrg=
Ykdànuags kspknclaks=
</- Fkbko skülaczlr su pgscncþo ngo uol auz l`lrcaal rgtltcvl fk ngagr L`lrcaag L[VG/
2/- Nulofg kstìo rklaczlofg trlblmgs ko al nlazlfl og kstìo gbacelfgs l rkspktlr als ogr`ls/
>/- ^külaks fk ^külaczlncþo fk vkdànuags=
2>
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
26
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Ncrnualofg=
^c ncrnual`gs l 68 j`'d g `kogs pgr uol vàl cotkrurblol cosuicnckotk`kotk cau`colfl sk pukfk pgokr al auz fk
nrunk ko vkz fk al fk nlrrktkrl/
^k ngoscfkrl vàl cosuicnckotk`kotk cau`colfl nulofg=
Og sk pukfk akkr uol `ltrcnual fksfk <8 `ktrgs/
2;
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Lau`brlfg ko co`gvcaczlncgoks=
XLRLFL= Kotrk ka gnlsg y al slacfl fka sga $ogndk#! ^CK@XRK al auz fk XG^CNCGO fkotrg y iukrl fk pgbalfg/
FKVKONCGO= Kotrk ka gnlsg y al slacfl fka sga $ogndk#! ^CK@XRK al auz fk XG^CNCGO! fkotrg y iukrl fk pgbalfg/ ^c ks
pgr k`krekoncl lfk`ìs lülfcr al auz fk k`krekoncl/
Fk fàl sgag al auz fk k`krekoncl/
K^VLNCGOL@CKOVG= Kotrk ka gnlsg y al slacfl fka sga $ogndk#! auz fk XG^CNCGO! Kxnkptg=
Yàl urblol= og sk fkmlrl ocoeuol auz sc sk fcstcoeuk oukstrg vkdànuag/
Vrlvksàl= sk pgfrì sustctucr al auz fk pgscncþo pgr al fk kstlncgol`ckotg g als fgs fk pgscncþo fka alfg fk al
nlazlfl/ $kstg ks laeg quk og kstl`gs lngstu`brlfgs l vkr! ngndks ngo al auz fk pgscncþo g kstlncgol`ckotg quk
skrclo als fk pgscncþo fk uo sgag alfg/// `ckotrls sus fukügs kstl pgr kmk`pag fur`ckofg ko sus nlsls#/
Gtrgs=
A[] FK ELACBG= Kstls aunks sgo Gbaceltgrcls sc oukstrg vkdànuag `cfk fk londg `ìs
fk 2!<8`/
Kxnkptg `gtgs y vkdànuags fk > rukfls/
29
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
A[] FK XALNL FK @LVRCN[AL= Kstl auz sk konckofk l al vkz quk al auz fk pgscncþo/
A[] FK @LRNDL LVÌ^= Kstl auz ks fk ngagr balong y sk konckofk la ngagnlr ko al nlml
fk vkagncflfks al `lrndl ltrìs! sckofg < gbaceltgrcl y 2 gpncgola/
A[] FK K@KREKONCL= Auz fk ngagr l`lrcaag lutg $tgfgs ags cotkr`ctkotks l al vkz#! ko
ka slapcnlfkrg fka ngndk sk konckofk uo pcagtg rgmg cotkr`ctkotk! ks gbaceltgrcl ko
lutg`þvcaks y gpncgola ko `gtgs/ ^k pgfrì utcaczlr ko=
Ko lutgpcstl y lutgvàl sc la irkolr fk `gfg ngoscfkrlbak kxcstk rckseg fk ngacscþo/
Co`gvcaczlncþo g ncrnualncþo pgr k`krekoncl/
^krvcncgs fk urekoncl/$trlsalflr l uo dkrcfg la dgspctla ko oukstrg vkdànuag pgr
kmk`pag#
A[] FK IRKOLFG= Kstl auz ks fk ngagr rgmg! uo rgmg `ls cotkosg quk ka fk pgscncþo
plrl aal`lr al ltkoncþo! ko lutg`þvcaks kstl`gs gbacelfgs l aakvlr la `kogs 2 y
gpncgola > y ko `gtgs < gbaceltgrcl y 2 gpncgola/
25
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
24
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Xkr`csg B=
2/Lutg`þvcaks
Vurcs`gs/ dlstl >/;88 Je y 3 palzls conaucfg ka ngofuntgr=
Vrcncnags
Ykdànuag @cxtg/ Nulfrcncnags
Nl`cgoks/ Lutg nlrlvlols/
>/Ykdànuags kspknclaks=
Leràngals/ $Nulaquckr pksg y dlstl 3 palzls#
Gbrls g ^krvcncgs=
g
Kmk`pag= Nl`cþo fk >/;88 je * rk`gaquk fk 5;8 je g `kogs/
^c ka rk`gaquk ks pkslfg $`ìs fk 5;8 je#! tckoko quk flrsk kstls fgs ngofcncgoks=
g b# \uk al @@L fka Rk`gaquk skl ceula g coikrcgr l al Vlrl fka vkdànuag/
Ngofuntgrks ogvkaks=
Krks ogvka nulofg gbtckoks tu prc`kr pkr`csg $L<! L2 g B#! OG ka L@ $ncnag`gtgrks# kstk og nukotl/
Furlotk < lüg fksfk al gbtkoncþo fk oukstrg pkr`csg=
23
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Furlotk 2 lügs fksfk al gbtkoncþo fk oukstrg pkr`csg rkspktlrk`gs al tlsl fk langdga plrl ngofuntgrks ogvkaks=
Lcrk= 8!<; `aer'a ^loerk= 8!> er'a
L al dgrl fk ngofuncr tkok`gs quk aakvlr konc`l ka pkr`csg fk ngofuncr! al tlrmktl fk cospknncgoks tãnocnls $ctv# !
ka pkr`csg fk ncrnualncþo y gpncgola`kotk ka rkncbg fka skeurg/
Ylako igtgngpcls sc kstìo ngtkmlfls $ng`prgblfls y skaalfls# pgr al mkilturl fk trlicng y ngoskrvl`gs ags grcecolaks/
^c
^c nl`bcls fkvkdànuag
vkofks uo fg`cncacgfkbks
fkbks ogtcicnlrag
ogtcicnlrag kolVrìicng
Vrìicngko
ko<8
<;fàls
fàls/y fkncr qucko ks ka ng`prlfgr/
Xlrl slbkr nulofg tkoeg quk plslr al <ª CVY sk `crl lquà $ko al ikndl fk `ltrcnualncþo#! als fk`ìs cospknncgoks sk
`crlo ko al tlrmktl CVY/
>8
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
-Ags ngrpgrlaks ags nubrk VGFG^ `kogs la ngofuntgr nuaplbak fka lnncfkotk/
-Ags `ltkrclaks ags nubrk tgfgs `kogs=
g Ka vkdànuag nuaplbak/
g Ags fka ngofuntgr! tg`lfgr fka skeurg! tctualr fka vkdànuag g il`caclrks/
VLBAL=
[o kmk`pag ksnrctg=
^c yg ngo `c vkdànuag tkoeg uo lnncfkotk ngotrl laeucko quk ko uo nrunk ogs slak pgr al fkrkndl y og dly
skülaks pgr ag tlotg ãa tckok prcgrcflf sgbrk `à y yg sgy ka nuaplbak! puks `c skeurg nubrk ags flügs `ltkrclaks y
pkrsgolaks fk ka vkdànuag OG nuaplbak y ags plslmkrgs fk `c vkdànuag tl`bcão `kogs l `à y l `c ngndk pgr skr ags
nuaplbaks! yg tkofràl quk plelr al rkplrlncþo fk `c ngndk y sc oknksctg laeg ko elstgs `ãfcngs tl`bcão! `cs
plslmkrgs kstìo nubckrtgs pgr `c skeurg y ka gtrg ngofuntgr y su vkdànuag tl`bcão/
Rkspgoslbcacflfks=
><
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
>2
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Frgels=
Kxcstko prukbls fk fktknncþo fk frgels y kstl`gs gbacelfgs l sg`ktkrogs sc ag sgacnctlo ags lekotks/
@kfcnl`kotgs=
LAKRECL
^us `kfcnl`kotgs sgo ags Lotcdcstl`àocngs! y ags fk tkrnkrl ekokrlncþo $`ìs `gfkrogs# og sukako prgfuncr
sg`ogakoncl! slavg quk sk `kznako ngo langdga u gtrgs `kfcnl`kotgs/
^k lngoskml ngofuncr ngo als vkotlols nkrrlfls y ka lcrk lngofcncgolfg sulvk/
K^VRÃ^
Blmg kstrãs og sk fkbk ngofuncr/ Lu`kotl al lerkscvcflf! al iltcel y als fcstrlnncgoks/
FKXRK^CGO
^u trltl`ckotg ks `uy pkacergsg l al dgrl fk ngofuncr/ Lu`kotl al Coskeurcflf! iltcel! sg`ogakoncl! okrvcgscs`g!
losckflf/
LANGDGA=
>>
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Xrukbl fk langdgak`cl=
^c ka rksuatlfg fk al prukbl ks pgsctcvg tckoks fkrkndg l uol skeuofl prukbl! kotrk al prc`krl y al skeuofl prukbl
dlo fk plslr ng`g `àoc`g <8 `coutgs y sc og kstl`gs fk lnukrfg ngo ag quk `lrnl ka ktcaþ`ktrg tkok`gs fkrkndg
l uol tkrnkrl prukbl $cr l uo nkotrg `kfcng l quk ogs dlelo uo loìacscs fk sloerk u grcol! sc slak pgsctcvg ags elstgs
fk kstl tkrnkrl prukbl ags plels tu#/
>6
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Al zgol fk conkrtcfu`brk ks uo ksplncg fk skeurcflf larkfkfgr fka vkdànuag! lblrnl al plrtk fkalotkrl! trlskrl y
sgbrk tgfg ags altkrlaks! fcel`gs quk ks al zgol fgofk nulaquckr usulrcg fk al vàl pukfk `gvkrsk cokspkrlfl`kotk
y pgr ag tlotg ksk `gvc`ckotg tkok`gs quk tkokrag ko nukotl! uol bcncnaktl slbk`gs quk pukfk ecrlr l al fkrkndl g
czquckrfl rìpcfl`kotk la ceula quk irkolr pgr ag tlotg tkok`gs quk c`lecolr uo ncrnuactg l su larkfkfgr fgofk
cokspkrlfl`kotk pukfk fkspalzlrsk/
Dly quk tkokr kspkncla nucflfg ngo ags pkltgoks y ncnacstls/
Igtg grckotltcvl=
[sg fk al Yàl=
XKLVGOK^=
Ags pkltgoks fkbko ncrnualr=
Fkotrg fk pgbalfg= pgr al fkrkndl k czquckrfl/
Iukrl fk pgbalfg y trlvksàl= pgr al czquckrfl $kxnkptg quk vlylo ko erupg! scaal fk rukfls! g k`pumlofg uo ncnag g
ncnag`gtgr! quk ncrnualrlo pgr al fkrkndl#/
>;
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
LOC@LAK^
- Fkbko cr pgr nlülfls skülaczlfls/
Xrgdcbcfg cr pgr lutgpcstl y lutgvàl/
Fk ogndk ags ngofuntgrks fk loc`laks aakvlrlo uol auz balonl fkalotk y uol auz rgml fktrìs/
YKDCN[AG^ ERLOFK^
Fcicnuatlo al vcscbcacflf y al iaucfkz fka trlicng/
La lfkalotlr fkbg tkokr ko nukotl su agoectuf! sk vk `kmgr sc kstl`gs bcko skplrlfgs/
Ngo aauvcl fkbk`gs pgokr ka ac`pclplrlbrcsls la nruzlr`k ngo kaags pgr quk fksprkofko `undl nlotcflf fk leul/
YKDCN[AG^ FK 2 R[KFL^
</ @gtgs! ncnag`gtgrks y qulfs= Nlsng gbaceltgrcg plrl ngofuntgrks y plslmkrgs fk kstgs! al rkspgoslbcacflf fk su
utcaczlncþo tlotg fka ngofuntgr ng`g fk ags plslmkrgs ks fka ngofuntgr/
Vckoko quk aakvlr al auz fk nrunk tlotg fk fàl ng`g fk ogndk/
2/ Ncnacstls= Nlsng gbaceltgrcg plrl ka ncnacstl pkrg sgag I[KRL FK XGBALFG $kxnkptg ko ngofcncgoks kxtrk`ls fk
nlagr g subckofg iukrtks pkofckotks! ko kstgs nlsgs sk ag pukfk quctlr#/
Ko ncrnualncþo ognturol fkbk aakvlr uo rkiakntlotk vcscbak l <;8`/
Fk ogndk aakvlrlo uol auz balonl fkalotk y uol auz rgml fktrìs/
2/ Ka lsckotg y ka rksplafg ko uol pgscncþo lfknulfl plrl aakelr l ags pkflaks y la vgalotk ngo als pckrols y
brlzgs acekrl`kotk iakxcgolfgs/
>/ K`brleuk=
XC^LFG0FK^K@BRLELFG0Og sk trls`ctk `gvc`ckotg fka `gtgr l als rukfls/
OG XC^LFG0K@BRLELFG0^c sk trls`ctk `gvc`ckotg fka `gtgr l als rukfls/
6/ Ygalotk= ^k sumktl pgr al plrtk kxtkrcgr! fk igr`l icr`k y sco lelrrgtl`ckotg! al pgscncþo fk als `logs ng`g
ko uo rkagm ks als fgs `kogs fckz g als trks `kogs nulrtg/
;/ Nlml fk nl`bcgs=
@lrndls ngrtls= Xgnl vkagncflf y `undl iukrzl/ $Xrc`krl vkagncflf#
@lrndls alrels=
Xlrl nl`bclr fk @undls
`lrndl vkagncflf y pgnl iukrzl/
fkbk`gs prc`krg pcslr ka$\ucotl g skxtl vkagncflf#
k`brleuk/
5/ Irkogs=
Fk skrvcncg $ka fk pck# Lntýl sgbrk als 6 rukfls/
Fk kstlncgol`ckotg $ka fk `log# Lntýl sgbrk als rukfls trlskrls ekokrla`kotk/
>9
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
MGYKOK^
@LSGRK^
</ ^uirko `ìs ags lnncfkotks pgr al pkrfcfl fk sus nlplncflfks iàscnls y `kotlaks/
2/ ^u nl`pg vcsula ks `ìs rkfuncfg y su `gvcacflf ks `kogs prkncsl/
>/ Ngosu`ko `ìs `kfcnl`kotgs/
6/ Rklnncgolo pkgr lotk sctulncgoks ng`pakmls fk trìicng/
XKLVGOK^
</ Ko ncuflf ags ltrgpkaags sgo ags lnncfkotks quk prgfunko `ìs vcntc`ls/
2/ Ags `ìs vuaokrlbaks sgo ags ocügs y als pkrsgols `lygrks/
>/ ^ukako ng`ktkr `undls coirlnncgoks y nruzlr pgr fgofk og fkbko/
6/ Og fkbk`gs dlnkraks skülaks plrl quk nrunko/
OCÜG^
</ ^uirko ltrgpkaags pgr su fksngognc`ckotg fk als ogr`ltcvls y sus ac`ctlncgoks iàscnls/
2/ Xrgbak`ls fk vcscþo pkrciãrcnl pgr su blml kstlturl/
>/ Xrgbak`ls fk lufcncþo pgr og tkokr fkslrrgaalfl al agnlaczlncþo fk sgocfgs $l plrtcr fk 5 lügs#/
6/ Xrgbak`ls fk pkrnkpncþo $ngoiuofko vkr ngo skr vcstgs#/
;/ Ko nlsg fk ltrgpkaag! suirko ka egapk ko al nlbkzl/
NCNAC^VL^
@GVG^ S NCNAG@GVGRK^
</ Al rkspgoslbcacflf fk ags lnncfkotks ks ng`plrtcfl ngo ags fk`ìs ngofuntgrks fk vkdànuags/
2/ Als akscgoks sgo `ls erlvks pgr quk ka ngofuntgr sck`prk rkncbk ka egapk/
>5
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Fcspgsctcvg lotcvldg= ^lak lcrk nlackotk pgr ka nrcstla fkalotkrg g altkrla y ag fksk`plül/
K^XKMG^
Ags kspkmgs gbaceltgrcgs sgo ka kxtkrcgr C]\[CKRFG y ka COVKRCGR $ka cotkrcgr sgag vlak nulofg sk vkl pgr ka 98
`ktrgs dlncl ltrìs ng`g `àoc`g y 28 `ktrgs fk londg#/
^c kstg og sk nu`pak! kotgonks ags kspkmgs gbaceltgrcgs skrìo ka kxtkrcgr C]\[CKRFG y ka FKRKNDG! pgr kmk`pag sc
utcaczl`gs ngrtcocaals g nrcstlaks tcotlfgs ka kspkmg cotkrcgr og ogs pkr`ctcrì al vcscþo lotks `koncgolfl pgr ag tlotg
kstk skrcl gpncgola y fkbkràl`gs aakvlr ka kxtkrcgr fkrkndg/
Ka kspkmg cotkrcgr XLOGRL@CNG og sustctuyk ocoeýo kspkmg gbaceltgrcg/
>4
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Fkbk`gs `crlr pgr ags kspkmgs ngo irknukoncl pkrg ngo brkvkflf=
Nlfl ;-<8 skeuofgs= Yàls urblols g cotkrurblols ngo trlicng fkosg/
Nlfl <8-<; skeuofgs= Yàls cotkrurblols ko ekokrla/
Ags kspkmgs kxtkrcgrks sgo ngovkxgs y sk vk ka vkdànuag fk fktrìs `ìs pkquküg y lakmlfg/
Xlrl kstlr bcko rkealfgs fkbk vkrsk uo pgng al plrtk trlskrl fka vkdànuag! OG ka altkrla/
Ka kspkmg cotkrcgr ks palog y plrl quk kstk bcko rkealfg sk tckok quk vkr > g 6 alfgs fk al vkotlocaal fk ltrìs/
Xkacergs fk al vàl=
NGOF[NNCGO OGNV[ROL
</ Lfltlr al vkagncflf l al zgol cau`colfl pgr als aunks fk oukstrg vkdànuag/
2/ Kvctlr ka fksau`brl`ckotg/
>/ Aakvlr ags ilrgs rkealfgs y ac`pcgs/
N[RYL^
>3
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Oku`ìtcngs=
Xlrtks fk uo oku`ìtcng=
</ Al plrtk Oku`ìtcnl kstl igr`lfl pgr= nubckrtl! lcrk y nì`lrl $sc al aakvl#/
Vcpgs fk oku`ìtcngs=
</ Oku`ìtcngs ^CO nì`lrl= sgo `kmgrks pgr quk fcs`couyk ka rckseg fk rkvkotþo/
2/ Oku`ìtcngs NGO nì`lrl= nlsc og sk utcaczlo! dgy fàl prìntcnl`kotk tgfgs sgo sco nì`lrl/
Nulofg dlyl quk nl`bclr ags oku`ìtcngs dly quk cotkotlr quk tgfgs sklo ceulaks fk londg! tl`lüg y fcbumg /
^c sk tuvcksko quk `kznalr oku`ìtcngs fcikrkotks! la `kogs skrìo ceulaks ags fka `cs`g kmk y sk pgofrìo ags rlfclaks
fktrìs $ags `kmgrks fkbko cr fktrìs #/ Ouonl sk pukfko `kznalr fcstcotgs oku`ìtcngs ko ka `cs`g kmk/
^c ka oku`ìtcng tckok `kogs lcrk fka quk rkng`ckofl ka ilbrcnlotk sk fkselstlrl `ìs pgr ags
alfgs! fcs`couyk al lfdkrkoncl y ngosu`k `ls/
68
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
^c aakvl `ls lcrk sk fkselstl `ls pgr ka nkotrg y pukfk pkrmufcnlr l al suspkoscþo pgr quk
kstl `ls furg/
Ko nlsg fk rkvkotþo fka oku`ìtcng fkbk`gs sumktlr ka vgalotk ngo iukrzl! sgatlr pgng l pgng ka lnkakrlfgr y uslr ka
irkog/
Irkogs=
Al ilatl fk `lotkoc`ckotg fk ags irkogs ks al prconcpla nlusl pgr al quk ags turcs`gs og plslo al CVY/
^C^VK@L^ FK IRKOG
</ Irkog fk skrvcncg= ks ka ogr`la! ka fka pck y irkol tgfls als rukfls/
2/ Irkog fk kstlncgol`ckotg= ka fk `log! plrl lplrnl`ckotgs! irkol ogr`la`kotk als rukfls trlskrls/
>/ Irkog fk sgngrrg= ks lutg`ìtcng! sgag lntýl sc sk rg`pk ka irkog ogr`la $fk skrvcncg#/
VCXG^ FK IRKOG
^go `kmgrks ags irkogs fk fcsng! ka fcsng la kstlr la fksnubckrtg sk rkircekrlo ngo `lygr ilncacflf! ags fk tl`bgr sgo
`ls nkrrlfgs y nukstl `ls koirclrags pgr ag tlotg sgo kstgs ýatc`gs pkgrks/
@lotkoc`ckotg= Ng`prgblr ka acqucfg fk irkogs y sustctucrag nulofg fcel ka ilbrcnlotk/ Ka acqucfg oc sk nlackotl oc sk
fkselstl/
6<
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
^c la pcslr ka pkfla fk irkog! ag ogtl`gs sulvk y kspgomgsg! ks quk dly lcrk ko als nlolaczlncgoks fka aàqucfg fk
irkogs/
^c la pcslr ka pkfla! irkol! pkrg nlsc la igofg! sceocicnl quk ka ocvka fka aàqucfg ks blmg/
KA FKRRLXK
Fkrrlpk ko kmk fkalotkrg= sk ngrrcek ecrlofg ka vgalotk dlncl ka alfg ngotrlrcg fka fkrrlpk/
Fkrrlpk ko kmk trlskrg= sk ngrrcek ecrlofg ka vgalotk dlncl ka `cs`g alfg fka fkrrlpk/
62
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Ags lvlonks tknogaþecngs lyuflo l prkvkocr y kvctlr lnncfkotks! plrl kaag fkbk`gs dlnkr uo `lotkoc`ckotg
pkrcþfcng y prkvkotcvg! kspkncla`kotk ko irkogs! oku`ìtcngs y lau`brlfg/
^KE[RCFLF LNVCYL=
Ngoscstk ko quk og sk prgfuznl ka lnncfkotk skl ng`g skl! sgo kak`kotgs fk oukstrg vkdànuag quk ogs pkr`ctko
kvctlr lnncfkotks! laeuogs kmk`pags sgo= ags irkogs! ka vgalotk! ka LB^! ka lcrk lngofcncgolfg k conausg ka ngofuntgr/
Laeuogs `ls l igofg=
Fcrknncþo lscstcfl= rkfunk al rkscstkoncl l `gvkr ka vgalotk/
Lau`brlfg= xkoþo ' bcxkoþo $*auz! fksau`brl`ckotg#! lflptltcvls $sk `ukvko#! auz fk fàl $sk lngoskml#/
Irkogs $scstk`ls fk lscstkoncl l al irkolfl#=
^KE[RCFLF XL^CYL=
Sl dls tkocfg ka lnncfkotk! og ag ls pgfcfg kvctlr y ag quk oknksctls ks quk tk plsk ag `kogs pgscbak ! kvctlr dkrcfls
erlvks! ksg ks al skeurcflf plscvl! laeuogs kmk`pags sgo= ka ncoturþo fk skeurcflf! ka lcrble! al nlrrgnkràl fk oukstrg
vkdànuag! ka rkpgslnlbkzls…
Ng`pak`kotgs fk skeurcflf=
NCOV[RGO=
Ks Gbaceltgrcg plrl=
6/ Vurcs`gs y Ykdànuags `cxtgs= ko tgfgs ags lsckotgs y ko tgfls als vàls $fkotrg y iukrl fk pgbalfg#/
;/ Nl`cgoks fk >/;88je= ko ags lsckotgs fkalotkrgs/
Og ks Gbaceltgrcg=
</ Xgbalfg=
2/ Iukrl fk pgbalfg=
Kstlncgolofg y la flr `lrndl ltrìs/
>/ ^ck`prk=
Xgr rlzgoks `kfcnls $ngo nkrtcicnlfg `kfcng#/
6>
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Fkbk cr bcko lonalfg! nkücfg! pgr al nalvànual y pgr fkblmg fka lbfg`ko $sgbrk al pkavcs#/
Fkspuãs fk uo lnncfkotk dly quk rkvcslrag y nl`bclrag/
Ngagnìrskag bcko! og uslr rgpl vgau`cogsl! og uslr pcozls! tglaals! ngmcoks! iuofls pgr ka KIKNVG ^[B@LRCOG quk
lotk uo lnncfkotk g iukrtk irkolfl ka nukrpg sk ogs pukfk fksaczlr pgr fkblmg fka ncoturþo/
LCRBLE=
Ng`pak`kotl la ncoturþo! pkrg ouonl ag sustctuyk ! sk fkbk rkvcslr nulofg cofcquk ka ilbrcnlotk/ Ko uo lnncfkotk sco
utcaczlr ka ncoturþo ka lcrble pgfràl skr `ìs pkacergsg quk og uslrag/
Ks gbaceltgrcg y su pgscncþo ngrrkntl ks l al laturl fk al plrtk supkrcgr fk al nlbkzl g su plrtk `ìs eruksl l al laturl
fk ags gmgs/ Kvctl ka altcelzg nkrvcnla/
NDLAKNG=
Gbaceltgrcg < luoquk lngoskmlo aakvlr 2 ! sck`prk l al `log fka ngofuntgr plrl og tkokr quk blmlrogs fka vkdànuag
plrl ngekrag! ag utcaczlrk`gs ko vàls cotkrurblols $iukrl fk pgbalfg# tlotg fk fàl ng`g fk ogndk/
YCLMK^=
Rkvcslr ka kstlfg fka vkdànuag! ngofuntgr! ctcokrlrcg l skeucr! fcstrcbucr bcko al nlrel y ags ocvkaks fk lcrk ko rkalncþo l
kaal! rkvcslr al fgnu`kotlncþo y kstlbaknkr puotgs fk fksnlosg/
Vck`pg fk rklnncþo=
\uk lu`kotk ka tck`pg fkpkofk fka ngofuntgr $kflf! iltcel! langdga ktn/#
Vl`bcão ks uo ilntgr ko al fcstloncl fk plrlfl tãnocnl g fcstloncl fk fktkoncþo! yl quk=
66
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Kxpacnlncþo vcsula=
Ngofunncþo kngoþ`cnl=
^u `cscþo ks al fk ldgrrlr ng`bustcbak! rkfuncr al ngotl`colncþo! lu`kotlofg al skeurcflf y ka ngoigrt $ka ngosu`g
lu`kotl `ls quk al vkagncflf! og vl ko prgpgrncþo#/
@kfcfls fk ldgrrg= plrlr ka `gtgr ko fktkoncgoks prgagoelfls! og flr lnkakrgoks! aakvlr l puotg ka vkdànuag ko
nulotg l rkvcscgoks! slatlr `lrndls! uslr ka irkog `gtgr! cocnclr al `lrndl koskeucfl $ko `gtgrks fckska kspkrlr uogs
skeuofgs#! nl`bclr l 2ª vkagncflf ag lotks pgscbak sgbrk 2s'9`/
Ags nl`bcgs fk `lrndl ko uo vkdànuag Elsgacol sk fkbko rklaczlr kotrk 2/888 y 2/;88 rp`/
Ags nl`bcgs fk `lrndl ko uo vkdànuag Fckska sk fkbko rklaczlr kotrk </;88 y 2/888 rp`/
@kfcfls kqucvgnlfls= Blmlr ags pukrtgs ko puotg `ukrtg $`uy pkacergsg#! og konkofkr als aunks nulofg skl
gbaceltgrcg! uslr ng`bustcbak fk gntlolmk coikrcgr! og rklaczlr als rkvcscgoks fk `lotkoc`ckotg l oukstrgs vkdànuags!
blmlr als vkotlocaals $`kmgr ka lcrk lngofcncgolfg kotrk <5½ l 2<½#/
Ngotl`colncþo=
LV@G^IKRCNL= Xgr lnkakrgoks! rlakotà latg! icatrg fk lcrk suncg! sco nltlaczlfgr g ngo ka ko `la kstlfg g uol `lal
pukstl l puotg fka `gtgr/
LN[^VCNL= [sg kxlekrlfg fka nalxgo g ko auelrks prgdcbcfgs! ncrnualr sco scakoncgsg! g l ksnlpk acbrk/
XRGDCBCNCGOK^= Vcrlr ka lnkctk uslfg! alvlr ka ngndk ko al vàl pubacnl g tcrlr fkspkrfcncgs pgr al vkotlol/
6;
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
Ags lnncfkotks sgo kvctlbaks sgo pgr lzlr! fcs`couykofg ags ilntgrks fk rckseg ags lnncfkotks fcs`couyko/
·\ucão7 Ags mþvkoks $kotrk <3 y 2; lügs# og sgo ka erupg `ìs ou`krgsg! pkrg suirko `ls lnncfkotks/
·Fþofk7 Ko vàls cotkrurblols $ngovkoncgolaks iukrl fk pgbalfg# sk prgfunko `ìs `ukrtks! ko vàls urblols sgo `ls
irknukotks pkrg og dly tlotls `ukrtks y als vàls `ìs skeurls sgo lutgpcstls y lutgvàls/
·Nuìofg7 Ko vlnlncgoks! icoks fk sk`lol $`lfruelfl#! furlotk ka fàl ko dgrls puotls $slacfl y kotrlfl la trlblmg#!
kspkncla`kotk pgr al tlrfk $sgbrk tgfg la icolaczlr al mgrolfl albgrla#/
Al G@^ $Greloczlncþo @uofcla fk al ^lauf# nltlagel ags lnncfkotks ng`g uo erlo prgbak`l fk slauf/
Du`log= Ykagncflf! kstlfg pscngiàscng! coirlnncgoks y coiauyk ko ags fk`ìs ilntgrks/ $Ka pkltþo ks tl`bcão ilntgr
du`log#
Ykdànuag= Ks ka ilntgr quk `kogs coiauyk! ogr`la`kotk sc sk prgfunk sukak skr fkbcfg l uo `la `lotkoc`ckotg fka
vkdànuag/
-Ka ilntgr du`log! tg`lofg `kfcfls! lntýl sgbrk ka ilntgr Ykdànuag pgr kmk`pag tckofg la fàl als rkvcscgoks
tãnocnls/
Ilntgr vàl y su kotgrog= ka `la kstlfg fka tck`pg! nlazlfl g skülaczlncgoks/
-Ka ilntgr du`log! tg`lofg `kfcfls! lntýl sgbrk ka ilntgr Yàl y su kotgrog pgr kmk`pag lflptlofg oukstrl
vkagncflf l als ngofcncgoks fk al vàl/
YKAGNCFLF= ks al prconcpla nlusl fk lnncfkotks! nulofg al vkagncflf lu`kotl! lu`kotl`gs ka rckseg tl`bcão al
fcstloncl fk rklnncþo y fk irkolfg! ag quk fcs`couyk l `ìs vkagncflf skrcl oukstrg nl`pg vcsula/
Og quctlr ka nlsng! og flr fk bkbkr olfl $kxnkptg quk`lfgs#! og flr `kfcnl`kotgs! og `gvkr l ags dkrcfgs $ko
nlsg oknkslrcg sk dlrì ng`g sc ka dkrcfg iuksk uo bagquk ràecfg#! og tgnlr dkrcfls! og pgokr gbmktgs blmg al nlbkzl!
og dlnkrak loflr/
Ag quk sc fkbk`gs dlnkr ks tlplr la dkrcfg tlotg ko covckrog ng`g ko vkrlog plrl quk og pckrflo su tk`pkrlturl
ngrpgrla/
Dly uol rkeal quk ogs pkr`ctcrì skeucr uo grfko y quk og sk ogs gavcfk ocoeýo plsg=
Xrc`krgs Luxcacgs=
69
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
RXN $Rkloc`lncþo nlrfcgrkspcrltgrcl#= rklaczlrk`gs >8 ng`prkscgoks y 2 vkotcalncgoks dlstl quk aakeuk al lyufl
kspknclaczlfl/
DKRCFG^
Og `gvkr la dkrcfg slavg quk skl oknkslrcg/
^DGNJ= Xuasg rìpcfg! fãbca! placfkz! pgscbak dk`grrlecl cotkrol/ ^k ngagnl bgnl lrrcbl ngo ags pcks ko latg/
CONGO^NCKOVK= Xgscbak lsicxcl pgr nlàfl fk al akoeul dlncl ltrìs! vþ`ctgs g egapk ko ka pkndg/ ^k ak ngagnl ko
pgscncþo fk fkikosl/
NGO^NCKOVK^ S RK^XCRLO NGO FCICN[AVLF= ^c tckok ilatl fk `gvc`ckotg rkspcrltgrcg ks pgscbak quk skl uo flüg
nkrkbrla `uy erlvk/ ^k ak ngagnl sk`cskotlfg/
Dkrcfls= Og tgnlrals! og quctlr ags nukrpgs kxtrlügs! als akvks fkstlplrals y alvlr ngo leul/
Als `ls irknukotks= nrlokgkonkiìacnls! `ck`brgs coikrcgrks! supkrcgrks y ngau`ol/
Als `ls erlvks= nrlokgkonkiìacnls! ngau`ol! `ck`brgs coikrcgrks y supkrcgrks/
\uk`lfurls=
$kxnkptg quk kaOg pcondlr
dkrcfg l`pgaals!
kstk og ylpacnlr
ngosnckotk pg`lfls!
og vg`ctk#! og quctlr
sck`prk al rgpl pkelfl
du`kfknkrals l al pcka!ac`pcgs/
ngo lpþsctgs og flr fk bkbkr leul
^c al dk`grrlecl sloerl pgr ka gàfg! ko kstk nlsg ouonl tlpgolrk`gs ka gàfg! ag quk dly quk dlnkr ks nubrcrag y
pgokr la dkrcfg ko pgscncþo fk fkikosl dlncl ka alfg fka gàfg quk sloerl/
^c al dk`grrlecl sloerl pgr al olrcz tl`bcão! ko kstk nlsg ouonl tlpgolr al olrcz y dly quk pgokr al nlbkzl fka
dkrcfg dlncl fkalotk/
^c sk sloerl pgr al bgnl y kstl congosnckotk ak ngagnlrk`gs ko pgscncþo fk fkikosl/
Als dk`grrlecls `ìs ogr`la`kotk sgo l pgscbak egapk ko ka pkndg! pua`þo g lplrltg fcekstcvg/
VRL^ALFG^
Ko l`bualoncl! sc sk rktrlsl ag aakvlrk`gs ko uol iuregoktl! nl`cþo g sc`calr! al ngofunncþo sulvk y `gfkrlfl/
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Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
^C^VK@L FK LAC@KOVLNCGO
Rkakotc=
rkakotc ksDlnk
`ìsquklatgkakavkdànuag
vkdànuagog sk lpleuk
ngosu`k `ìsnulofg pkr`loknk konkofcfg sco ocoeuol `lrndl koerlolfl/ ^c ka
ng`bustcbak/
Icatrg fk lcrk= ^c ka icatrg kstl suncg ka vkdànuag ngosu`k `ìs ng`bustcbak/
Lnkakrlfgr= ^gacnctl al nlotcflf fk nlrburlotk! nulotg `ls pcsks `ls ngosu`k/
^C^VK@L KAKNVRCNG
Cau`colncþo= Rkealr ags ilrgs! sc kstìo `la rkealfgs pukfks fksau`brlr sc kstìo `uy subcfgs g sc kstìo `uy blmlfgs
pukfk quk og vkls ag oknkslrcg plrl ncrnualr/
Konkofcfg= Bumàls/
Ncrnuctg fk nlrel= ^u`cocstrl kokreàl y rknlrel al bltkràl/
Nulofg ka `gtgr kstl iuoncgolofg al kokreàl quk elstl`gs ngo ka vkdànuag ks fk ka latkrolfgr y nulofg ka vkdànuag
kstl plrlfg al ngosu`c`gs fcrkntl`kotk fk al bltkràl/
[ol bltkràl og ekokrl kokreàl! sgag al lnu`ual y su `lotkoc`ckotg=
</
2/ @lotkokr ags bgroks
Lülfcr sgal`kotk uotlfgs
leul ngo og
fkstcalfl! erlsl g vlskacol/
lncfg suaiýrcng/ Ko als bltkràls sco `lotkoc`ckotg og dly quk
lülfcr olfl/
>/ ^c ka `gtgr og lrrlonl pukfk skr pgr quk al bltkràl kstl fksnlrelfl/
Ka leul sk koiràl ko ka rlfclfgr! al koiràl uo vkotcalfgr! dly quk ng`prgblr ka ocvka pkrcþfcnl`kotk y sustctucral
nulofg fcel ka ilbrcnlotk/
La lülfcr oukvl leul rkircekrlotk dly quk tkokr ko nukotl ka erlfg fk ngoekalncþo fka aàqucfg/
VRL^@C^CGO
Nlml fk nl`bcgs! scrvk plrl skaknncgolr als `lrndls lfknulfls plrl nlfl `g`kotg! sc ogtl`gs quk la rklaczlr
nl`bcgs fk `lrndl ka nl`bcg kstl furg ks pgr ilatl fk lnkctk/
Ka k`brleuk pkr`ctk quk ka `gvc`ckotg fka `gtgr aakeuk l als rukfls! sc la lnkakrlr og aakel ka `gvc`ckotg l als
rukfls ks pgr quk kstk kstl pcslfg/
64
Rksý`koks fka tk`lrcg plrl tkþrcng ng`ýo= Xkr`csg fk ngofunncþo ‑B‐ sslotc2889
@LOVKOC@CKOVG
</ Xgfk`gs lülfcr y ng`prgblr ogsgtrgs tgfgs ags aàqucfgs fka `gtgr pkrg sgag pgfk`gs nl`bclr ka lnkctk/
2/ Ags rkpukstgs gbaceltgrcgs plrl tgfgs sgo als aì`plrls y dkrrl`ckotls plrl nl`bclrals $kxnkptg quk sklo
aì`plrls fk fksnlrel g xkoþo#! lfk`ìs ags turcs`gs fkbko aakvlr al rukfl fk rkpukstg g uol fk usg
tk`pgrla! ags trcìoeuags y uo ndlakng $lngoskmlfgs 2#/
>/ D[@G^=
l# balong= ks ogr`la/
b# lzualfg= sk kstl quk`lofg lnkctk/
n# okerg= `lal pukstl l puotg fka `gtgr! icatrg fka lcrk suncg! kxnksg fk ng`bustcbak ko al `kznal/
63