Designing an automatic taxing system

for parking

- I2C adapter for LCD 2004

Abstract -This article is related to an automatic taxing system for The block diagram of the automatic toll system for
parking. parking is presented in the picture below
In our days, finding an available parking space can be time
and fuel consuming. The automatic car parking system is a type
of parking that is designed to help the driver and administrators
of the parking status by putting screens to notify drivers of the
number of space available.
INTRODUCTION
Automated parking toll systems are based on advanced +
technologies, state-of-the-art technologies. They are the
intelligent solution for parking management. Implementing
an automated parking payment system using RFID
technology to monitor the entry and exit of parking cars has
20 X 4 LCD
certain advantages:
- The system offers comfort and safety to car owners who
have a subscription and use proximity cards, and can park + -
their car at any time only by presenting the card; M RFID READER
- It shortens the time spent searching for a parking space;
- Parking is easier to manage.
ATMEGA 328 MODULE
An automatic charging system for parking consists of:
 Entry unit;
 Exit unit; MOTOR
 Automatic parking;
 Parking barriers. DRIVER
For designing the automated parking payment system we
used the RFID module - MFRC522 containing a proximity
card. The user purchases this card by paying a subscription
(monthly, yearly). User IDs are pre-programmed in the
microcontroller. The card reader transmits the information
from the card to the microcontroller via the I2C serial
communication protocol. The microcontroller verifies the POWER SUPPLY
authenticity of the received and stored information. If the card
details correspond to the pre-programmed data, the car is
allowed to park.
 The system also has a 20x4 display that is activated
when the proximity card is used, displaying the Fig.1 - The block diagram of the automatic toll system for
following message: "Welcome!" Followed by the parking
user's name.
 The microcontroller also transmits the command to Used components
the SG90 micro servo that opens or closes the An automatic parking payment system is a built-in
barrier. system. A software microcontroller to control the hardware
The components of an automatic toll system for a parking was used. The system aims to identify a user of a proximity
lot are: card using RFID technology.
- Real Time Clock Module DS 1307 RTC The system has been designed so that by presenting the
- Micro servo motor SG90 proximity card by the user, the card reader transmits the
- Arduino Uno R3 Clone ATMEGA328P information to the microcontroller through the serial
- LCD 2004 with blue backlight communication protocol and it checks the authenticity of the
- RFID-MFRC 522 module card. When the card is valid, the "Access granted! Welcome
- Temperature and humidity sensor module to Parking Lot!" appears on the LCD screen. The green LED
turns on and the sound of the system-specific recognition of
the card is heard. Thus, by pressing a button, the barrier opens
and the car can enter or leave the parking lot.
Attempting to enter a parking space of a user holding a
card with an ID that is not recognized by the system activates
the red LED, while the audible warning is displayed at the
same time, and the following message is displayed: "Card not
recognized! Contact adminstration!", while the barrier is
blocked, not allowing access to the parking lot.
Fig.2 - The block diagram of the automatic toll system for
parking
We used the following components to control the system:
1. Real Time Clock Module DS 1307 RTC
Fig.3 – Real Time Clock Module DS 1307 RTC
The technical data of the module are as follows:
- Supply voltage: 4.5V - 5.5V
- Current consumption: 1.5 mA;
- CR2032 backup battery.
The internal clock is based on a 32,768 kHz quartz
crystal.
Conceiving the real time clock module DS1307 to the
Arduino development board, the following components were
used:
- SDA to Arduino analogue pin 4
- SCL to Arduino analogue pin 5
- 5V to the 5V pin of the Arduino plate
- the GND pin to the GND pin of the Arduino board
Fig.4 - Schematic of DS1307 Real Time Clock Module
connection to Arduino Uno Clone
2. Micro servo motor SG 90
This component of the automated parking system
is used in low-power applications and it is very reliable.
This is a DC motor and works by feeding it to an electric
power source. It is made of plastic for better maintenance
and low cost.
The technical characteristics are:
 Power supply: 4.8 V;
 Low current consumption;
 Frequency PWM: 50 Hz;
 Operating temperature: between 300C and +
600C;
Fig. 5 – Micro servo motor SG90
The scheme of the SG90 micro servo motor connection
at the Arduino Uno Clone is the following:
 4. LCD 2004 with Blue Backlight

Fig. 6 - The scheme of the SG90 micro servo motor

connection at the Arduino Uno Clone

3. Arduino Uno R3 Clone ATMEGA328P Fig. 8 – LCD 2004 with Backlight Blue

It is a small platform (6,8 cm / 5,3 cm), an open - This liquid crystal display is an electronic display
source platform, based on flexible and easy to use hardware module that can display up to 80 characters on 4 lines. The
and software. Owing to the built-in signal processor, this LCD has an I2C backpack that allows connection to Arduino
platform is capable of taking environmental information by using two pins.
using certain sensors (temperature, detection, etc.) and can act In order to conceal the LCD on the Arduino
on the environment by using motors, actuators and other development board, two threads are needed outside the GND
types of mechanical devices. and the supply line: SDA and SCL.
The signal processor runs a code written in a Wire connection is done as follows:
programming language that is very similar to C ++.  SDA port A bit 4
Arduino Uno uses a USB cable to connect to the  SCL port A bit 5
computer's USB port. It can also be powered from an external  5V at the 5V pin of the Arduino plate
source (plug) using an external power supply.  the GND pin at the GND pin of the Arduino board
This board uses the ATMEGA328P microcontroller
and is very useful in designing various electronic projects.
The technical data are as follows:
 Operating voltage: 5V;
 Power supply jack: 7-12V;
 I / O in 14-Pin;
 PWM in 6-Pin;
 ADC in 8-Pin;
 Flash memory: 3.2 KB (8 occupied by bootloader);
 Communication: TWI, SPI and UART;
 Frequency of operation: 16 MHz.

Fig. 9 - Scheme of the LCD connection to the Arduino Uno

Clone
Fig. 7 - Arduino Uno R3 Clone ATMEGA328P
 5. RFID Module - MFRC522
This RFID module is based on an integrated
MFRC522 circuit, a 13.56 MHz writing and reading circuit.
The technical features of this module are as follows:
 Power supply voltage: 3.3V;
 Sleep current: 80uA;
 Idle current: 10 - 13 mA;
 Maximum current: 30 mA;
 Operating Frequency: 13.56MHz.
The module contains a rectangular card such as a bank
card, as well as a keychain card.
Fig. 10 – RFID module – MFRC522
The RFID system consists of a reader, a radio
frequency transponder and a data processing system. It can be
used by connecting it to a computer or a microcontroller.
The reader contains electronic components that emit
and receive a signal from the proximity card. It has an
antenna connected that can be integrated into the reader case
or separately.
This system uses a low power radio frequency field
and does not require direct proximity card readiness with the
reader.
Fig. 11 - Scheme of the RFID Module Connection -
MRFC522 at the Arduino Uno Clone
6. DHT Temperature and Humidity Sensor Module
11
This sensor is compatible with the Arduino
development pads, a high-performance temperature and
humidity sensor that ensures high reliability and excellent
stability. The dimensions of this sensor are: 32 mm x 14 mm.
While relative humidity is measured by a capacitive
sensor, the temperature is measured using a thermistor with a
negative temperature coefficient (NTC). The sensing
elements of the sensor are pre-calibrated and the output is
provided as a digital signal.
Fig. 12 – DHT Temperature and Humidity Sensor Module 11
Fig. 13 - Scheme of DHT temperature and humidity sensor
module 11
7. I2C adapter for LCD 2004
This module is mounted directly on the LCD. It
contains a potentiometer for adjusting the contrast. For I2C
communication only two wires are needed to communicate
with the development pad. The threads are necessary for the
clock and data.
  Active 3V buzzer

Fig. 14 – I2C adapter for LCD 2004

Other components used are:

 Green 3 mm led with diffused lenses Fig. 17 – Active 3V buzzer

 Button and resistor of 220Ω

Fig. 14 - Green 3 mm led with diffused lenses

 Red 3 mm led with diffused lenses

Fig. 18 - Button and resistor of 220Ω

Fig. 15 – Red 3 mm led with diffused lenses

 Life-Turning Nano-Tech Battery for Transmitter

Fig. 16 - Life-Turning Nano-Tech Battery for Transmitter Fig. 19 – Image of the bare stage automatic parking system

Fig. 20 - Auto parking system image
Fig. 21 - Auto parking system image
Fig. 22 - Picture of the message display for a valid ID card
Automated parking toll systems are based on advanced
technologies, state-of-the-art technologies. They are the
intelligent solution for parking management.
Implementing an automated parking payment system
using RFID technology to monitor the entry and exit of
parking cars has certain advantages:
 The system offers comfort and safety to car owners
who have a subscription and use proximity cards,
and can park their car at any time only by presenting
the card;
 It shortens the time spent searching for a parking
space;
 Parking is easier to manage;
Parking access control is also increased by including
the automatic system and the barrier.
1. Borza P., Gerigan C., Ogruțan P, Toacșe GH.,
Microcontrollere - Aplicații, Editura Tehnică București,
2000
2. Romanca M., Microprocesoare și microcontrolere,
Editura Universității Transilvania din Brașov, 2015
3. Romanca M., Ogruțan P., Sisteme cu calculator
încorporat. Aplicații cu microcontrollere, Editura
Universității Transilvania din Brașov, 2011
4. Mckinnon M., Arduino – complete beginners guide for
Arduino – Everything you need to know to get started,
2016
5. Monk S., Programming Arduino – Getting started with
sketches, McGraw-Hill Companies, 2012