EFFECT OF BUILDING ENCAPSULATED ROOF ON INDOOR COOLING AND ENERGY SAVING IN

PESHAWAR
University of IT and Emerging Sciences
Department of Civil Engineering

RESEARCH PROPOSAL - PRESENTATION AND FORMAT GUIDELINES

PROJECT TITLE: EFFECT OF BUILDING ENCAPSULATED ROOF ON

INDOOR COOLING AND ENERGY SAVING IN
PESHAWAR

GROUP MEMBERS NAMES REGISTRATION NO.

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RESEARCH SUPERVISOR:

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CO-SUPERVISOR (IF ANY):

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EFFECT OF BUILDING ENCAPSULATED ROOF ON INDOOR COOLING AND ENERGY SAVING IN
PESHAWAR

1.1 INTRODUCTION
During the last few years, guided by the national policies, the housing problems of the
farmer have been basically solved, but also higher demand of the indoor thermal
environment has been put forward. It directly leads to the change of energy structure in
rural areas, and the proportion of non-renewable energy increases gradually. From the
economic point of view, combined with the rural residential has a good micro
environment, passive technology is easier to implement. So it should make use of the
local climate as much as possible, and find solutions for rural residential housing to
decrease energy consumption and to improve the indoor thermal comfort to meet the
demand of user. Compared with other building envelope, In Reinforced concrete
structure, the surface temperature of the roof is the highest, and its heat transfer is
maximum in summer, so the rural residential roof is the key point of improving the
indoor thermal environment [1].According to the existing research, the thermal
insulation roof is a cheap passive strategy in hot climates. It can reduce the heat gain and
improve the indoor thermal environment, and is often identified as a valuable strategy
for making buildings more sustainable [2, 3]. According to the survey of rural areas of
Pakistan, there was more than 60% of the rural residential installation of air conditioning
[4].
Therefore, in this research work, the roof has also become an important part of the study
of rural building energy conservation [5]. In “Design standard for energy efficiency of
rural residential buildings” [6], the thermal performance of building envelope is
specified in detail. Limit value of Heat transfer coefficient of the roof is 0.8 ~ 1.0 W/ (m
K), and it need to take thermal insulation measures on roof. According to the living
habits of rural residents, they are more accustomed to use natural ventilation or other
passive ways to lower temperature. When the outdoor weather is too hot, they will
consider to open air conditioning and combine with night ventilation to reduce the indoor
temperature.
Then, the effect of intermittent air conditioning energy saving of the roof which using
the insulation measures is worthy of further study.
This research work is based on the above analysis, a new cooling and energy saving
scheme has been proposed to improve the indoor thermal environment by combining
different materials in the roof concrete. Specifically, sandwich core materials will be
used in the roof slab, so that the thermal induction capacity of the roof materials can be
enhanced and to reduce the heat transfer capacity of the building roof. As we know that,
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 EFFECT OF BUILDING ENCAPSULATED ROOF ON INDOOR COOLING AND ENERGY SAVING IN
PESHAWAR
about 70% of the heat can be transferred through roof material to the indoor structure,
to reduce such huge amount of heat transfer, especially in summer region in Peshawar,
some materials are introduced in the roof slab as a sandwiched and their performance is
evaluated.

The research problem

The main problems are:

 In summer, the high temperature around and above the structure, increase the
indoor temperature.
 No proper conservation of energy
 No passive transfer of heat in the summer region
 Use of air-conditions in region like Pakistan to reduce the indoor temperature
of the room, will increase the energy cost.
1.2 The purpose of the study
To evaluate the behavior of sandwiched panels i.e. Thermopore sheets, PVC pipes etc.
in the roof to check the heat transfer capacity of the encapsulated materials.
1.3 The objectives of the study
The main objective are:
 To investigate the thermal behavior of the slab in summer region in Peshawar
 To evaluate the sandwiched panels for heat resistance phenomenon
 To check the passive nature of sandwiched panels with Thermopore sheets and
PVC pipes
 To check the conservation of energy by providing thermal insulation panels in
the roof material of the structure.
 To reduce indoor energy consumption
1.4 The research questions
The research questions are:
 Why the RC materials are deficient to heat resistance in summer?
 Have the sandwiched panels increase the resistance to thermal insulation?
 Have the PVC pipes have any role in the thermal resistance?
 Have the Encapsulated panels play a role in energy conservation?

2 CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE & STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

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 EFFECT OF BUILDING ENCAPSULATED ROOF ON INDOOR COOLING AND ENERGY SAVING IN
PESHAWAR
2.1 Contribution to Knowledge (Academic Contribution)
This research work will provide a new field, in which the roof insulation will be made in the
materials of the roof. Sandwiched panels is a new idea for insulation. This will enhance the
energy conservation.

2.2 Statement of Significance (Practical Contribution)

This new idea of encapsulated panels will enhance the use of thermopore sheets and also its
in sandwiched panels, which not only contribute in thermal insulation but also make the
structure lightweight.

3. LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Building energy conservation is one of the hottest topic in recent world. A study published
by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development predicted that around 60%
reduction of energy consumption in buildings is possible by 2050 [1]. There are four
categories for building energy consumption classified by the differences of regional climate
and urban-rural economic gaps in the Chinese building sectors: a) space heating energy
consumption for urban buildings in northern China; b) non-heating energy consumption in
urban residential buildings; c) non-heating energy usage in urban public buildings; d) energy
usage in rural residential buildings[2]. With largest population and the rapid economic
development in the world, the numbers of building and construction floor areas in China
now is increasing faster than any other countries in the world. More than two billion square
meter floor areas of buildings have been increased per year since 2000 [3]. By the end of
2008, the total building floor area was about 43 billion square meters in China while 7.1
billion square meters for urban commercial buildings and others for residential buildings:
12.3 billion square meters in urban areas and 23.6 billion square meters in rural areas.
[4]From the statistics data above, it is clear that the floor area of rural residential building
accounts for more than 50% of the national total building floor area in China. This represents
a huge opportunity to cut down the building energy consumption and carbon dioxide
emissions in the rural areas. Along with the fast development of Chinese rural area in recent
10-20 years, the new built floor areas of rural residential buildings maintains at around 0.7-
0.8 billion m2 per year [5]. This means the living conditions and spaces in rural area has
been improved and the old patterns of energy consumption must be transformed to the new
one which is more sustainable. Taking the actual situation in the rural areas into account,
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 EFFECT OF BUILDING ENCAPSULATED ROOF ON INDOOR COOLING AND ENERGY SAVING IN
PESHAWAR
there are three main keys for the building energy conservation: a) applying passive energy
saving methods for the building envelops; b) adopting proactive techniques to increase the
efficiency of energy supply side; c) replacing commercial fossil fuels by using renewable
energy. More attention will be paid to the first key because it could save the most energy
comparing to others.

Panelized construction is a method where the building is subdivided into basic planar
elements that are typically constructed under some form of mass production then shipped
directly to the construction site and assembled into the finished structure. There are many
advantages for panelizing structures, including cost reductions, possible through mass
production, ease of assembly, a lower skill set required for field construction, quality control
and worker safety. Most of the existing panelized products are traditional ‘wood-based’
structures.

4. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

This section is divided in to the following sections.

a) Selection and procurement of materials

First of all, the relative materials will be selected from suitable sources. The materials
should be according to the specified codes. The materials include;

 Coarse aggregates
 Fine Aggregates
 PVC Pipes
 Thermopore sheet
 Bricks of reduced size
 Water
 Steel bars
b) Casting

In this section, suitable method will be used to cast the specified specimens for testing. In
this research work, a proper mix design will be prepared for normal.

After that, a reduced size room of normal residential building will be constructed. For this
room, 4 slabs will be cased. The detail of the slabs are:

1. Slab with normal concrete of reduced size

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 EFFECT OF BUILDING ENCAPSULATED ROOF ON INDOOR COOLING AND ENERGY SAVING IN
PESHAWAR
2. Slab of the same size with normal concrete and sandwiched with thermopore
sheets packets of size 4*4 inches
3. Slab of the same size with normal concrete and sandwiched with thermopore
sheets packets of size 6*6 inches
4. Slab of the same size with normal concrete and sandwiched with PVC pipes at
alternate distance of 6” properly.
c) Testing

After the preparation of the specimens, proper curing of the slabs are carried out. After
proper curing and the preparation of the prototype model of the room, the slabs are placed
on the room to investigate the effect of thermal insulation properly. The thermal insulation
behavior was properly checked with an instrument after each hours in the sunny days from
8:00 AM to 6:00 PM thoroughly. The results are calculate and the analysis is carried out
and compared with the normal concrete.

5. BUDGET AND FEASIBILITY

a. Proposed starting date 22 September,2017

b. Expected date of completion 31 August, 2018

c. Are facilities available for the project No?

d. Additional facilities required give details.
Yes
Instead of this, we are also interested in the evaluation of the strength behavior of the models,
but no proper instrument was available in CECOS University and in UET, it will cost around
80K to 90 K, which is out of the range of the poor student like us.

6. Work Schedule/Plan

7. REFERENCE LIST

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 EFFECT OF BUILDING ENCAPSULATED ROOF ON INDOOR COOLING AND ENERGY SAVING IN
PESHAWAR
[1] World Business Council for Sustainable Development (2009) Transforming the Market:
Energy Efficiency in Buildings. [Online]. Available at:
http://www.wbcsd.org/Pages/EDocument/EDocumentDetails.aspx?ID=11006&amp.
[2] Climate Policy Initiative (2011) Review of Low Carbon Development in China: 2010
Report. Available at: http://climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/review-of-low-
carbon-development-in-china-2010/.
[3] National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (2015) China Statistical
Yearbook 2015. Available at: http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2015/indexeh.htm.
[4] Li, J. (2016) 'Energy performance heterogeneity in China‫׳‬s buildings sector: A data-
driven investigation', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 58, pp. 1587-1600.
[5] Building Energy Conservation Research Centre, T.U. (2012) 2012 Annual Report on
China Building Energy Efficiency.
[6] Lapinskiene, V. and Martinaitis, V. (2013) 'The Framework of an Optimization Model
for Building Envelope', Procedia Engineering, 57, pp. 670-677.
[7] Chowdhury, A.A., Rasul, M.G. and Khan, M.M.K. (2008) 'Thermal-comfort analysis
and simulation for various low-energy cooling-technologies applied to an office
building in a subtropical climate', Applied Energy, 85(6), pp. 449-462.
[8] Tronchin, L. and Fabbri, K. (2008) 'Energy performance building evaluation in
Mediterranean countries: Comparison between software simulations and operating

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 EFFECT OF BUILDING ENCAPSULATED ROOF ON INDOOR COOLING AND ENERGY SAVING IN
PESHAWAR

Recommendation Engr.
of the Supervisor
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Recommendation of the Engr.

Co- Supervisor (If Any)
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Recommendation and Engr.

Signature of Final Year
Project Coordinator

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