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1 - CALCULATDN OF THE SENSKlVlTlES Assuming a proportional relation between the initial bus
injections F, and the parameterized change in bus injections
C. Constraints
where A' is the initial value of the load margin, and MG,,
The following constraints have been considered
and AFDo, the generation and demand redispatch,
The linear approximation of the load margin, bounded
respectively. by a security value 4., A residual variable has been
added to avoid infeasibility.
W . MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
OF THE PROBLEM
Total load shedding bounded by the maximum demand
This section details the mathematical formulation of each redispatch MDR , to avoLi the loss of accuracy. The
iteration of the load shedding algorithm. Firstly the notation is value of MDR must keep a balance between the loss of
introduced. Then the objective function and the constraints are accuracy and an excessive number of iterations
provided The power factor after the redispatch must be the same
A . Notation as the original in every load bus
The load shedding algorithm is formulated in term of both Generation-demandbalanct: equation
active and reactive power parameters and variables. Therefore, Limits of both active and reactive demand redispatch
the following notation has been adopted Limits of generation redispatch
I ) Parameters The residual variable H , must be a positive variable
PG,, : Initial active generation in bus i These constraints have been respectively formulated as
S G , : Sensitivity of the load margin 1 with respect to follows:
the initial active generation in bus i
described in Section 111. The optimization has been performed
~SC;APC,+
, CSD,,.APD0,
with a security value for the load margin of ?,=IS%, and a
+~ S .AQD,,
D + H~, 2 4, -a' (24) maximum total load shedding of 500 MW. In each iteration,
the maximum demand redispatch was MDR =25 MW.
The maximum relative gap hetween the post-optimization
- C A P D o l i MDR (25) load margin and its linear approximation: