ELECTRONICS

- the branch of physics and technology concerned with the design of circuits using
transistors and microchips, and with the behavior and movement of electrons in a
semiconductor, conductor, vacuum, or gas.

- deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum
tubes, transistors, diodes, integrated circuits, optoelectronics, and sensors,
associated passive electrical components, and interconnection technologies.

BRANCHES OF ELECTRONICS
1. Digital electronics
- is an Electronics that uses binary numbers of 1 and 0 to represent information.

- are electronics that operate on digital signals.

- deals with digital signal which is discrete signal. It works in two levels either ON/OFF
/Cutoff, High /Low,True/False so it has two states only.

2. Analogue electronics.

- deals with Analog Signal which is a continuous signal , means it varies continuously with
time. Most of the signals in nature are of analog in nature.

3. Microelectronics

- is a subfield of electronics relates to the study and manufacture of very small electronic
designs and components. These devices are typically made from semiconductor
materials.
- the design, manufacture, and use of microchips and microcircuits.

4. Circuit design.
As circuit design is the process of working out the physical form that an
electroniccircuit will take, the result of the circuit design process is the instructions on
how to construct the physical electronic circuit.

5. Integrated circuits.
An integrated circuit, or IC, is small chip that can function as an amplifier, oscillator,
timer, microprocessor, or even computer memory. An IC is a small wafer, usually made
of silicon, that can hold anywhere from hundreds to millions of transistors, resistors, and
capacitors.

6. Power electronics.
- is the application of solid-state electronics to the control and conversion of electric
power.
- is the study of switching electroniccircuits in order to control the flow of electrical
energy. Power Electronics is the technology behind
switching powersupplies, power converters, power inverters, motor drives, and motor
soft starters.

7. Optoelectronics.

-is the study and application of electronic devices and systems that source, detect and
control light, usually considered a sub-field of photonics.

8. Semiconductor devices.
- is an electronic component that exploits the electronic properties of semiconductor
material, principally silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide, as well as organic
semiconductors. Semiconductor devices have replaced vacuum tubes in most
applications.