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IAS Mains Mathematics 2019 Expected Questions

1. Which of the following sets of vectors α= (a1 , a2, a3…an ) in Rn are subspaces of Rn(n≥3)?

All α such that a1 ≤0;

All α such that a3 is an integer;

All α such that a2 +4a3 =0;

All α such that a2 is rational.

2. Let C be the field of complex numbers and let n be a positive integer (n≥2).Let V be the
vector space of all n×n matrices over C. Which of the following sets of matrices A in V are
subspaces of V?

All invertible A;

All non-invertible A;

All A such that AB=BA, where B is some fixed matrix in V.

3. Prove that the union of two subspaces is a subspace if and only if one is contained in the
other.

Ans:

Therefore X+Y belong to X. then it means (X+Y)-X belong to X. i.e. Y belong to X. that is Y
contained in X.

4. Let V be the vector space of all functions from R into R; let Ve be the subset of even
functions , f(–x)=f(x); let Vo be the subset of odd functions, f(–x)=–f(x)

Prove that Ve and Vo are subspaces of V.

Prove that Ve +Vo =V.

Prove that Ve ∩ V0 = {0}.

5. In V3 (R),where R is the field of real numbers, examine the following sets of vectors for
linear independence:

{(1,3,2),(1,-7,-8),(2,1,-1)};

{(1,2,0),(0,3,1),(-1,0,1)}.

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6. Find a linearly independent subset T of the set S={α1, α2, α3, α4 } where α1 =(1,2,-1),α2 =
(-3,-6,3), α3 =(2,1,3),α4 =(8,7,7)єR3 which spans the same space as S.

7. Find whether the vectors 2x3+x2+x+1, x3+3x2+x-2, x3+2x2-x+3 of R[x], the vector space of
all polynomials over the real number field , are linearly independent or not.

8. Determine whether or not the following vectors form a basis of R3: (1,1,2),(1,2,5),(5,3,4).

9. Show that the vectors α1 =(1,0,-1),α2 =(1,2,1),α3 =(0,3,-2) form a basis of R3.Express each of
the standard basis vectors as a linear combination of α1 ,α2 and α3 .

10. Show that the set S={1,x,x2,……,xn} of n+1 polynomials in x is a basis of the vector space
Pn (R), of all polynomials in x (of degree at most n) over the field of real numbers.

11. “Corresponding to each subspace W1 of a finite dimensional vector space V(F),there exists
a subspace W2 such that V is the direct sum of W1 and W2 .” Prove the theorem.

12. Let V be the vector space of all polynomial functions of degree less than or equal to two
from the field of real numbers R into itself. For a fixed tєR, let g1(x) =1, g2 (x) =x+t, g3 (x) =
(x+t) 2.

13. Prove that {g1 , g2, g3} is a basis for V and obtain the coordinates of c0 +c1 x+c2 x2.

14. Show that the mapping T:V2 (R)―›V3 (R) defined as T(a,b)=(a+b,a-b,b) is a linear
transformation from V2 (R) into V3 (R).Find the range,rank,null space and nullity of T.

15. Let T: R3―›R3 be the linear transformation defined by: T(x, y, z) =(x+2y-z, y+z, x+y-2z).
Find a basis and the dimension of (i) the range of T; (ii) the null space of T.

16. Describe explicitly a linear transformation from V3 (R) into V3 (R) which has its range
spanned by (1, 0,-1) and (1, 2, 2).

17. Let T be a linear operator on V3 (R) defined by T (a,b,c)=(3a,a-b, 2a+b+c) for all
(a,b,c)єV3 (R).Is T invertible? If so, find a rule for T-1 like the one which defines T.

18. Let V(R) be the vector space of all polynomials in x with coefficients in R of the form f(x)
=a0 x0+a1 x+a2 x2+a3 x3 i.e. the space of polynomials of degree three or less. The differential
operator D is a linear transformation on V. The set B= {α1 … α4} where α1 =x0, α2=x1,
α3=x2, α4=x3 is an ordered basis of V. Write the matrix of D relative to the ordered basis
B.

19. Let T be the linear operator on R3 defined by T(a,b,c)=(3a+c, -2a+b, -a+2b+4c).

What is the matrix of T in the standard ordered basis B for R3?

Find the transition matrix p from the ordered basis B to the ordered basis B’={α1 ,α2 ,α3 },
where α1 =(1,0,1), α2 =(-1,2,1),and α3 =(2,1,1).Hence find the matrix of T relative to the
ordered basis B’.

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20. Find all (complex) characteristic values and characteristic vectors of the following
matrices:

1 1 1 (b) 1 1 1

111011

11100

21. Let T be the linear operator on R3 which is represented in the standard basis by the matrix

-9 4 4

-8 3 4

-16 8 7

Prove that T is diagonalizable.

22. Show that similar matrices have the same minimal polynomial.

23. Show that every square matrix is uniquely expressible as the sum of a symmetric and a
skew-symmetric matrix.

24. If A is a square matrix of order n, prove that | Adj (Adj A) | =|A|(n-1)ᴧ2

25. Find the rank of the matrix

2 -2 0 6

4202

A= 1 -1 0 3

1 -2 1 2 by reducing it to normal form.

26. Discuss for all values of k the system of equations

2x+3ky+ (3k+4) z=0,

x+ (k+4) y+ (4k+2) z=0,

x+2(k+1) y+ (3k+4) z=0.

27. Investigate for what values of α and µ the simultaneous equations

x+y+z=6, x+2y+3z=10, x+2y+αz=µ

Have (i) no solution, (ii) a unique solution, (iii) an infinite number of solutions.

28. Show that the three equations

-2x+y+z=a, x-2y+z=b, x+y-2z=c

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Have no solutions unless a+b+c=0, in which case they have infinitely many solutions. Find
these solutions when a=1, b=1, c= -2.

29. Show that if a diagonal matrix is commutative with every matrix of the same order, then it
is necessarily a scalar matrix.

30. Find the possible square roots of the two rowed unit matrix I.

31. Show that the matrix B’AB is symmetric or skew-symmetric according as A is symmetric
or skew-symmetric.

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