NAMA: Ahmad Supianor

KELAS: X MIPA 2

Past Tense

Definition of Past Tense

In grammar, past tense refers to a verb-tense combination whose sole purpose is to state an action
to have happened in the time that has passed. It is second to present tense, in which the action
takes place in the present moment. A sentence in past tense always uses the second form of verb.
A sentence in past tense does not need any auxiliary, except when it is in negative or interrogative
form, in which case, it uses “did not” or “did” in negative and interrogative forms respectively.

Function: to tell about activity that began in the past and ended in the past too. We usually use
simple past tense when the adverb of time in the sentence is specific when the adverb is not specific
we can use simple perfect tense.

Patterns of simple past tense are:

 (+) S + V2 + ….

 (-) S + Did not + V1 + ….

 (?) + S + V1 + ….

The symbol …. It can be change by adverb, object, or nothing.

V2 same as past form of the verb, there are two type of v2, there are regular verb and irregular verb.
Regular verb just be added “d or ed”. Suffix “ed” just use if the last character of the words t or d.
irregular verb can be guest.

For the examples of the irregular verb of V2:

1. Bring ~> brought

2. Read ~> read

3. Write ~> wrote

4. Bear ~> bore

In simple past tense we usually use adverb of time to know when we do our past activity. The adverb
of time that we usually use are yesterday, just now, this morning ……… day ago, ………..week ago,
………….years ago, last……. , etc

Examples of simple past tense:

1. (+) Yesterday I went to the book store with my parents.

(-) Yesterday I did not go to the book store with my parents.

(?) Did you go to the book store with your parents yesterday?

2. (+) She lost her purse just now.

(-) She did not lose her purse just now.

(?) Did she lose her purse just now?

3. (+) My father was a banker at English Bank in 1992.

(-) My father was not a banker at English Bank in 1992.

(?) Was my father a banker at English Bank in 1992?

Present Perfect

Definition of Present Perfect

Present perfect is the form of a present tense that expresses an action having started in the past and
completed recently, or an action that continues in the present. It is also known as “present
perfective tense.” Present perfect is a combination of the past participle (ending in -n, -d, or -ed) of
the main verb, and some form of an auxiliary, such as “has” in the case of a singular subject, or
“have” in the case of a plural subject.

Function of Present Perfect

Present perfect tense implies a connection of the past with the present. Therefore, it is mostly used
in literature, newspapers, TV, radio reports, letters, and conversations. It helps habitual and ongoing
situations to be shown happening in the present time. It does not specify a particular time in the
past for an event or action. It simply shows that a task has been executed at an unspecified time
which is very good for short stories and novels in which time is not specified
Examples of Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense can be used with expressions that are unspecific in time:

I have lost my purse.

We have seen this movie already.

He has broken his leg.

There has been an accident.

Some examples of present perfect tense used to express an unfinished period of time are:

We haven't seen her today.

They have been to the mall twice this month.

She has watched that show three times this week.

Examples of using present perfect in talking about events that happened in the recent past but the
effect of the recent event is still felt in the present include:

The children have made a mess in the kitchen.

He has started a new job.

She has finished her chores.

Present perfect tense can be used in questions as well. Here are some examples:

Where have I left my sandals?

Have you visited England?

Has she met John?

Definition of Recount Text

Literally, recount means “to tell.” So recount text can be interpreted as “Text that tells”. If referring
to the information in school books (Read: Junior High School / Senior High School). Recount text
is a text that tells the reader about one story, action or activity. Its goal is to entertaining or
informing the reader. But Inside Recount Text there is no complication just like in Narrative Text.

Generic Structure of Recount Text

# Orientation : tells who was involved, what happened, where the events took place, and when it
happened.
# Events : tell what happened in chronological sequence.
# Re-orientation : consists of optional-closure of events/ending.
Poto psr of Recount Text
The purpose of a recount is to list and describe past experiences by retelling events in the order
in which they happened. Recounts are written to retell events with the purpose of either informing
or entertaining their audience (or both)

In a simple word the purpose of recount text is To retell past experience

Language Feature of Recount Text
– Using the simple past tense, past continuous tense, past perfect tense, and past perfect
continuous tense.
– Using temporal sequence, e.g. On Saturday. On Monday, On Sunday
– Focus on specific participant, e.g. I (the writer)
– Using the conjunctions, such as: then, before, after, etc.
– Using action verb, e.g. went, stayed

Contoh Recount Text tentang Travel on the train for the First Time beserta terjemahannya.

Travel on the train for the First Time

Last year, I was Eighteen years old. I had graduated from my senior high school and I wanted to
continue my education in Yogyakarta. . . I lived with my family in Cirebon during eighteen years
So, I would live alone there and it was new experience for me.
I went to yogyakarta by train, Before I came to the train station, I did not know how to check-in.
All procedures were so new to me. Fotunately, a security guard helped me and gave me some
directions to check-in. After that I entered to the train and sat on the chair.
I listened to the song and I was Really enjoy when I was in the train. After 5 hours in the train ,
finally I arrived in Yogyakarta. I would start my new life in yogyakarta. I was really excited to start
my new adventure my new city.
Watching Movie

My sister and I went to see a film last night. It was an American movie called The Lost Flight. It
showed how people can quickly change when they have to look after themselves in the jungle. It was
an interesting film about a plane which crashed on a small empty island in the Pacific Ocean.
Although the passengers were safe, nobody knew where the plane had crashed. So the passengers
had to learn how to hunt for food in the jungle and how to catch fish from the sea to eat. After a few
weeks, the passengers were eating raw fish and meat.
After they had been on the island for two months, three of the men made a boat and sailed away to
find help. But their boat sank and they were drowned.
The film ended without saying whether the passengers were rescued or not. But my sister and I
enjoyed the film.

2. Travelling Around The World

Deri saved his money and spent two months traveling around the world. He wrote his journey in his
diary.
I spent a week in New York and then flew to London and enjoyed several weeks in Europe.
When I had seen the sights in Europe, I took a train to Istanbul and visited many places in Asia.
First, I flew from his home in Mexico City to New York City. After through Asia, I went to south
America and finally back home to Indonesia.
Deri felt tired but he was very excited and wanted to travel again.

3. Going to School
My mother got me ready for school then I had to wait for her to brush my hair and place every strand
in just the perfect position.
I had to show her my shoes that I had cleaned the night before and my school bag had to be neatly
put on my shoulder before I could
get near the door. Only after my mother was totally satisfied, would I be allowed to rush out of the
frontdoor.
I would leave home at 8 am on the dot and make my way down the lane. After a walk of about 700
metres I would be able to see the tall steeple of the
school.
The playground would be full in the summer and the noise would make me want to rush into the yard
and get into a good game of football before the bell
went.

4. My Great Day of Proposing Girl

I woke up at about five o’clock yesterday. It wasn’t a regular day, because I was about to propose a
girl.
After praying and taking a bath, I had my early breakfast. At about nine o’clock I was in my office but
my soul wasn’t there. I was thinking about the lines that I had to say to her.
At one o’clock, I had my lunch but I wasn’t enjoying it either. So, I practiced the lines to almost all girls
I met at my lunch. Yes, I was a little bit crazy. Finally, it was three o’clock. I remembered all my lines. I
wrapped my works and got ready to pick her up and of course proposed her.
I met her at four o’clock, took a little walk and went to a movie. At seven, we had a romantic dinner. I
thought it was the perfect time to ask her to be my wife. Then I said the lines that I practiced the whole
afternoon.
She smiled. I reached my pocket to get a ring and put it around her finger. Then she said “Yes.” After
driven her home I went back to my house.
Definition of Narrative Text
Narrative Text is one of 13 types of English text (genre) born from the Narration as well as
Recount Text, Anecdote Text, Spoof Text. Then, the definition of narrative text is an imaginative
story to entertain people

Perhaps you need to know that the narrative text, in the writing and composition lecture is usually
called narration, which is one of type of text in a literary language. Usually, the narrative text
contains good stories of fiction, non-fiction stories, animal stories (fable), folktales, fairy tales,
myths, legends etc. In a simple word everything about the story is included in narrative text.
Generic Structure of Narrative Text
# Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are
introduced.
# Complication : Where the problems in the story developed.
# Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved.
# Coda / reorientation (optional) – lesson from the story
Purpose of Narrative text
The Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader with a story.
Language Feature of Narrative Text:
– Past tense (killed, drunk, etc)
– Adverb of time (Once upon a time, one day, etc)
– Time conjunction (when, then, suddenly, etc)
– Specific character. The character of the story is specific, not general. (Cinderella, Snow White,
Alibaba, etc)
– Action verbs. A verb that shows an action. (killed, dug, walked, etc)
– Direct speech. It is to make the story lively. (Snow White said, ”My name is Snow White”). The
direct speech uses present tense.

Kinds of Narrative Text

fable
folktales
fairy tales
myth
legend
Example of Narrative Text
True Friends

Once upon a time, there were two close friends who were walking through the forest together.
They knew that anything dangerous can happen any time in the forest. So they promised each
other that they would always be together in any case of danger.
Suddenly, they saw a large bear getting closer toward them. One of them climbed a nearby tree
at once. But unfortunately the other one did not know how to climb up the tree. So being led by
his common sense, he lay down on the ground breathless and pretended to be a dead man.

The bear came near the one who was lying on the ground. It smelt in his ears, and slowly left the
place because the bears do not want to touch the dead creatures. After that, the friend on the
tree came down and asked his friend that was on the ground, “Friend, what did the bear whisper
into your ears?” The other friend replied, “Just now the bear advised me not to believe a false
friend.”

Moral of the Story- A true friend in need is a friend indeed.

Fox and Cat

One day a cat and a fox were having a conversation. The fox, who was a conceited creature,
boasted how clever she was. ‘Why, I know at least a hundred tricks to get away from our mutual
enemies, the dogs,’ she said.

‘I know only one trick to get away from dogs,’ said the cat. ‘You should teach me some of yours!’
‘Well, maybe someday, when I have the time, I may teach you a few of the simpler ones,’ replied
the fox airily.

Just then they heard the barking of a pack of dogs in the distance. The barking grew louder and
louder – the dogs were coming in their direction! At once the cat ran to the nearest tree and
climbed into its branches, well out of reach of any dog. ‘This is the trick I told you about, the only
one I know,’ said the cat. ‘Which one of your hundred tricks are you going to use?’

The fox sat silently under the tree, wondering which trick she should use. Before she could make
up her mind, the dogs arrived. They fell upon the fox and tore her to pieces.

Moral : A single plan that works is better than a hundred doubtful plans.

The Ant and the Dove

One hot day, an ant was seeking for some water. After walking around for a moment, she came
to a spring. To reach the spring, she had to climb up a blade of grass. While making her way up,
she slipped and fell unintentionally into the water.

She could have sunk if a dove up a nearby tree had not seen her. Seeing that the ant was in
trouble, the dove quickly put off a leaf from a tree and dropped it immediately into the water near
the struggling ant. Then the ant moved towards the leaf and climbed up there. Soon it carried her
safely to dry ground.

Not long after at that, there was a hunter nearby who was throwing out his net towards the dove,
hoping to trap it in this way.
Guessing what he should do, the ant quickly bit him on the heel. Feeling the pain, the hunter
dropped his net and the dove flew away quickly from this net.
The morality: One good turn deserves.

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