Hence management is the art of

getting things done through

others in systematic and effective
manner.

Management is the process of getting things

done through others with the help of some basic
activities like planning ,organizing ,directing ,
coordinating and controlling
As activity
The activities of managers,
like communicating information
decision making and
maintaining interpersonal
relation to achieve goal is
Management concept
Theo Haimann
As a noun
• Management is a multipurpose
organ that manages a business,
manages a manager and manages
workers and works- Peter
Drucker
• All the managers from the chief
executive to the first line
supervisors and their functions
collectively known as
management
As discipline
• Management is a branch of
human knowledge drawn from
various sectors like psychology ,
social science, economics and
other professional disciplines.
• The term management is
considered as separate subject as
a specialized knowledge giving
idea principles laid down by the
management theory.
As process
• Management is the distinct
process consisting of planning, ,
actuating and controlling to
determine and to accomplish the
objectives by the use of people
and resources-George R. terry
• Management is the process of
converting inputs into outputs
through series of inter related
functions consisting planning,
organizing, staffing, directing
and controlling.
Features of management
 Goal oriented
 Universal activity
 Social process
 Dynamic activity
 Distinct process
 Both science and art
 A profession
 Multidisciplinary in nature
 Both tangible and intangible
Management as science
science is the systematized body of
knowledge,princ iple and truth which is
experimentally proved. The basic principles
of management are based on obserbation
and experiment and are applied in all types
of organizations,so it is a social science as it
deals with the people and their behaviour.
Management as a science
 Existence of systematized body of knowledge
 Basic principles and truth of universally
applicable
 Use of scientific methods of observation
 Principles based on experiment and research
 Establised cause and effect relationship
Management as an art

“Management is the art of getting

things done through and with people
in formally organized group”.
Koontz and Donnel
Management is the art of getting things
done through others. For this manager
has to play the role of artist.
Management as an art

Existence of practical
knowledge
Personal skill
Result oriented approach
Creativity
Improvement through
practice
Management as a profession

“A profession may be defined as an occupation

of a specialized and personal nature of
service for which there is a fee called a
professional charge is to be paid.”

In corporate sectors ,where the

management and ownership are
different, it is necessary to appoint
professional managers.
Management as profession

Specialized knowledge
Formal education and training
Representative of associations
Service elements/social obligation
Ethical standards
 Management and administration
Administration:-
“Administration is the function in the
industry concerned with the
determination of corporate policy, the
co-ordination of finance, production
and distribution and the settlement of
the organization under the control of
executive.”

thinking function
Management :-
it is the executive function that is
primarily concerned with carrying
out the broad policies laid down by
the administration.

Doing function
Management and administration
Top
level

Middle
level

Lower
level

management administrtion
Difference between management and
administration
Points of diffrence Management Administration

Nature of functions Operational and executive Thinking and decision making

Types of function Planning,Organizing,Staffing. Determination of obj.
directing,Controlling ..formulation of policies
Level of authority Operational level Top level
Applicable Business and social Government, cultural and religious
institution orgnisation
Ability Administrative /technical Administrative

Decision making Influence by opinion ,value Government policies, public

,views, ethics opinion, tradition , and culture
Status Employee for salary Investor for profit
Area of importance Supervisory or operational Higher or thinking level
level
Functions of management
The major functions of management involve planing,
organizing, staffing, direcing and controlling.

o
B

PODSCORB ……..
Planning
Planning is the process of thinking before doing any activity.

- Determination of organizational goal

- Making forecast for future activity and events
- Formulation of policies and procedures
- Preparation of schedule , programme ,
budget of work.
 organizing
Organizing is the process of identification of major
activities, grouping them on the basis of nature, and
assigning them to different departments.

….Identifications of major activities

-grouping them to manageable units
-assignment of work to different departments and
employees
-development of rules and regulation and procedures
-delegation of necessary authority
Staffing
Staffing is the recruitment, selection, appointment and
placement of right person to the right job.

-Determination of manpower required in department

-Recruitment, selection ,appointment of right person
-Management of developmental programme eg. Training
-Development of evaluation , promotion and transfer
procedure
-Providing proper remuneration
Directing
Directing is concerned with
providing instruction , guidance
and inspiration to workers for
achieving common goals. it also
involve activities like supervision
, coordinating , motivation
,leadership and communication.
 i.Supervision
Supervision refers to the direct and
immediate guidance to the
subordinates to ensure the execution
of assigned works.
Optimum utilization human and
physical resource
To provide guidance to subordinate
To increase efficiency
To reduce the cost
II. motivation
Motivation is the process of developing
feeling among workers to do their work in
best efficiency.
 To stimulate subordinates
 To fulfill their basic and social needs
 To achieve organizational goals
 They are either financial or non financial
iii. leadership
Leadership is the art of influencing on the
behaviour and performance of the
subordinates.
-to persuade subordinates to work
together
-to achieve the organizational goal
-to influence the attitude of worker
-to increase the beliefs
IV communication
Communication is the transmission of
information from one person to another or
from one place to another place to achieve
objectives.
 To exchange idea, facts opinion
 To follow the information
 To achieve organizational goal
v. Coordination

Coordination is the process of orderly

arrangement of group efforts to provide
unity of action for the attainment of
common goal
 To integrate all the units
 To bring uniformity of performance
 To achieve the objective of organization
 To build the team spirit
Controlling
Controlling is the process of comparing actual
performance achieved with that of planned
performance and taking corrective measure if
there is deviation.
 Setting standard for the designed work
 Measuring actual performance with the
predetermined objectives
 Locating deviation between actual and planned
performance
 Analyzing the causes of deviation
 Taking corrective action to achieve goals
 Levels of management
The management hierarchy is divided into different
level to bring smoothness and uniformity in different
branches of organizational is called level of
management. They are :-
 The upper level/top level management
 The middle level/intermediate level
management
 The first/lower level management
Levels of management
Middle level
(departmental heads)

Lower level
Top level(BOD,CE, (superintendents,
officer) supervisors,)

Level of
management
Level of management
Level of management
 Top Level of Management
 The Top Level Management consists of the
Board of Directors (BOD) and the Chief
Executive Officer (CEO). The Chief Executive
Officer is also called General Manager (GM)
or Managing Director (MD) or President. The
Board of Directors are the representatives of
the Shareholders, i.e. they are selected by the
Shareholders of the company. Similarly, the
Chief Executive Officer is selected by the
Board of Directors of an organization.
The main role of the top level
management is summarized as
follows
 The top level management determines the objectives, policies and
plans of the organisation.
 They mobilises (assemble and bring together) available resources.
 The top level management does mostly the work of thinking,
planning and deciding. Therefore, they are also called as the
Administrators and the Brain of the organisation.
 They spend more time in planning and organising.
 They prepare long-term plans of the organisation which are
generally made for 5 to 20 years.
 The top level management has maximum authority and
responsibility. They are the top or final authority in the
organisation. They are directly responsible to the Shareholders,
Government and the General Public. The success or failure of the
organisation largely depends on their efficiency and decision
making.
Middle Level of Management
 The Middle Level Management consists of the
Departmental Heads (HOD), Branch Managers, and the
Junior Executives. The Departmental heads are Finance
Managers, Purchase Managers, etc. The Branch
Managers are the head of a branch or local unit. The
Junior Executives are Assistant Finance Managers,
Assistant Purchase Managers, etc. The Middle level
Management is selected by the Top Level Management.
The middle level management
emphasize more on following
tasks :-
 Middle level management gives recommendations (advice)
to the top level management.
 It executes (implements) the policies and plans which are
made by the top level management.
 It co-ordinate the activities of all the departments.
 They also have to communicate with the top level
Management and the lower level management.
 They spend more time in co-ordinating and communicating.
 They prepare short-term plans of their departments which
are generally made for 1 to 5 years.
 The middle Level Management has limited authority and
responsibility. They are intermediary between top and lower
management. They are directly responsible to the chief
executive officer and board of directors.
Lower Level of Management
The lower level management consists
of the Foremen and the Supervisors.
They are selected by the middle
level management. It is also called
Operative / Supervisory level or
First Line of Management
The lower level management
performs following activities
 Lower level management directs the workers / employees.
 They develops morale in the workers.
 It maintains a link between workers and the middle level
management.
 The lower level management informs the workers about the
decisions which are taken by the management. They also inform
the management about the performance, difficulties, feelings,
demands, etc., of the workers.
 They spend more time in directing and controlling.
 The lower level managers make daily, weekly and monthly plans.
 They have limited authority but important responsibility of
getting the work done from the workers. They regularly report and
are directly responsible to the middle level management.
 Along with the experience and basic management skills, they also
require more technical and communication skills.