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SECTION A

1. Attempt all questions in brief. 2 x 7 = 14

a. Explain the “tonne of refrigeration”.
b. What do you mean by DART?
c. Write the chemical name of refrigerants R-12 and R- 123.
d. Why flash chamber and liquid suction heat exchanger are incorporated in VCRS?
e. What will be the effect of superheating and sub-cooling on the C.O.P of VCRS system?
f. Define sensible heat factor.
g. Discuss the advantages & disadvantages of VAR system over VCR system.

SECTION B

2. Attempt any three of the following: 7 x 3 = 21

a. A cold storage plant is required to store 20 tonnes of fish. The fish is supplied at a
temperature of 300C. The specific heat of fish above freezing point is 2.93 kJ/kg K. The
specific heat of fish below freezing point is 1.26 kJ/kg K. The fish is maintained at – 80C.
The freezing point of fish is -40C. The latent heat of fish is 235 kJ/kg. If the plant requires 75
kW to drive it, find:
(i) The capacity of the plant
(ii) Time taken to achieve cooling
Assume actual C.O.P of the plant as 0.3 of the Carnot C.O.P

b. A regenerative air cooling system is used for an air plane to take 20 tonnes of refrigeration
load. The ambient air at pressure 0.8 bar and temperature 100C is rammed isentropically till
the pressure rises to 1.2 bar. The air bled off the main compressor at 4.5 bar is cooled by the
rammed air in the heat exchanger whose effectiveness is 60 %. The air from the heat
exchanger is further cooled to 600C in the regenerative heat exchanger with a portion of the
air bled after the expansion in the cooling turbine. The cabin is to be maintained at a
temperature of 250C and a pressure of 1 bar. If the isentropic efficiencies of the compressor
and turbine are 90% and 80% respectively, find:
(i) Mass of the air bled from cooling turbine to be used for regenerative cooling.
(ii) Power required for maintaining the cabin at required condition.
(iii) C.O.P of the system.
Assume the temperature of air leaving to atmosphere from the regenerative heat exchanger as
1000C.

c. Explain the working of practical aqua ammonia vapour absorption refrigeration system.
How do we ensure pure ammonia at the entry to the condenser? Discuss the significance and
working of aqua heat exchanger.

d. The following data refer to air conditioning of a public hall:

Outdoor conditions = 400C DBT, 200C WBT
Required comfort conditions = 200C DBT, 50% RH
Seating capacity of hall = 1000
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 Amount of outdoor air supplied = 0.3 m3/min/person
If the required condition is achieved first by adiabatic humidifying and then cooling, Find:
(i) The capacity of cooling coil and surface temperature of the coil if the bypass factor is 0.25
(ii) The capacity of the humidifier and its efficiency
e. Explain the working of thermostatic expansion valve with the help of neat sketch diagram.

SECTION C
3. Attempt any one part of the following: 7x1=7
a. Explain, with a neat sketch, the working principle of boot-strap evaporative type of air
refrigeration system. Draw T-s diagram for the system.
b. A dense air refrigerating machine operating on Bell-Coleman cycle operates between 3.4
bar and 17 bar. The temperature of air after the cooler is 150C and after the refrigeration is
60C. If the refrigerating capacity is 6 tonnes. Calculate:
(i) The temperature of air after compression and expansion
(ii) Air circulation per minute
(iii) Work of compressor and expander
(iv) Theoretical C.O.P
(v) Rate of water circulation required in the cooler in kg per minute if rise in temperature is
limited to 300C

4. Attempt any one part of the following: 7x1=7

a. Describe, with the help of schematic and p-h diagrams, the working of a two-stage
compression system with water intercooler, liquid intercooler and a liquid flash chamber.

b. In order to keep food stuff in better condition, a food storage locker requires 20 tonnes of
refrigeration. The evaporation temperature is -80C and condenser temperature is 300C. The
refrigerant used in refrigeration plant is Freon -12. This is subcooled by 50C before entering
to the expansion valve. The vapour is superheated to 60C before leaving the evaporator coil.
The compressor employed is of two cylinders, single acting having stroke equals to 1.5 times
of bore. The speed of compressor is 900 rpm. The compression process is assumed to be
isentropic. The specific heat of vapour refrigerant is 0.597 kJ/kg K.
(i) Draw T-S and p-h diagram.
(ii) R.E per kg of refrigerant.
(iii) Mass flow rate of refrigerant circulated.
(iv) Theoretical piston displacement.
(v) Power input to the compressor if mechanical efficiency is 0.9.
(vi) C.O.P
(vii) Bore and stroke of the compressor if volumetric efficiency is 90%.
The values of enthalpies are given:
Inlet to compressor: 356 kJ/kg; Outlet of compressor: 377 kJ/kg; Exit of sub-cooler: 225.5
kJ/kg; Specific volume at inlet to the compressor: 0.077 m3/kg

5. Attempt any one part of the following: 7x1=7

a. Derive an expression for the C.O.P of an ideal vapour absorption system in terms of
temperature TG at which heat is supplied to the generator, the temperature TE at which heat is
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absorbed in the evaporator and the temperature TC at which heat is discharged from the
condenser and absorber.
A geothermal well at 1300C supplies heat at rate of 100,500 KJ/hr to absorption refrigeration
system. The environment is at 300C and refrigerated space is maintained at – 220C.
Determine the maximum possible heat removal from the refrigerated space.

b. Enumerate the classification of Refrigerants. What are the desirable properties of

refrigerants? Name some of the common refrigerants generally used in the refrigeration
systems. What do you understand by CFC free refrigerants?

6. Attempt any one part of the following: 7x1=7

a. Explain the following terms
(i) Dew point temperature (ii) Humidity ratio
(iii) Wet bulb depression (iv) Degree of saturation
If the atmospheric pressure remains constant at a location, prove that the specific humidity is
approximately a linear function of the partial pressure of the water vapour in the atmosphere.

b. The atmospheric air at 300C dry bulb temperature 750C relative humidity enters a cooling
coil at the rate of 200 m3/min. The coil due point temperature is 140C and the bypass factor of
the coil is 0.1. Determine:
(i) The temperature of air leaving the cooling coil
(ii) The capacity of the cooling coil in tonnes of refrigeration and in kilowatt.
(iii) The amount of water vapor removed per minute.
(iv) The sensible heat factor for the process.

7. Attempt any one part of the following: 7x1=7

a. What is food preservation? Discuss some common methods used for food preservation.
b. Draw a labeled sketch and explain the working of window air conditioning system.

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