2019/20

WIRELESS
ENERGY
TRANSFER
PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

NOBLE PUBLIC SCHOOL

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WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER

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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that
the project entitled “ WIRELESS ENERGY
TRANSFER” is an authentic record of work
carried out by my investigation under the
guidance of my physics teacher ,
Mrs. Mehanaz mam, at Noble Public
School, during my Xll course.

PLACE: MANJERI, KERALA

DATE:

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At first, I would like to take the opportunity to
express my gratitude to almighty god, for keeping me in
good health through the project.

I gratefully acknowledge my sincere thanks to our

respected principal MRS.AMEENA MAM for her
valuable cooperation and encouragement in getting
this work completed.

We utilize this opportunity to express our heartfelt

thanks to our physics teacher MRS. MEHANAZ MAM
for her valuable guidance and cooperation which
enabled us to complete our project. Also we thank all
those who helped us to complete our project.

PLACE: Name and Signature of student:

DATE

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INDEX
 INTRODUCTION……………………….…6
 PURPOSE OF STUDY……………….…7
 DEFINITION OF TERMS………………8
 EXPERIMENT……………………………..10
 THEORY……………………………………11
 PROCEDURE
 FOR WIRELESS CIRCUIT….14
 FOR WIRED CIRCUIT…………16
 COMPARISON……………………………17
 RESULT…………………………………….18
 ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
 WIRED CIRCUIT………………..20
 WIRELESS CIRCUIT………….21

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 CONCLUSION……………………………22
 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………....23

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INTRODUCTION

These days wireless technology had been a trend to

most people. Past years all the things which had
electricity passed through was only through wire. Now
wireless technology had made it easy for people to
transmit energy.

According to the researchers, Nicola Tesla invented an

electrical resonant transformer circuit and named it
tesla coil. Since Tesla’s original experiments,
researchers have gone to great lengths to find safer
and more efficient methods of wireless power transfer.

This study was conducted to explore the efficiency of

transmitting electricity to lighting wirelessly through the
use of a solid state Tesla coil and how it compares
to a convectional system.

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PURPOSE OF
STUDY
This study mainly covered the advantages and
disadvantages of wired and wireless circuit in lighting a
bulb. The only comparison that were covered are the
brightness, price, availability, time, effects, of each
circuit.

This study cover the transmission of electricity on other

electrical devices other than to light a bulb.

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DEFINITION OF
TERMS
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
They are formed when an electric field couples with a
magnetic field.

BATTERY
They are the devices consisting of one or more
electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical
energy into electrical energy.

VOLTAGE
It is an electrical current that is measured in volts.it is
used by researchers to study the measurements of
batteries and bulbs.

COIL

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It is a spark excited radio frequency resonant
transformers type of coil wire, which generates high ac
voltages on elevated capacitive terminals and produce
high frequency alternating current electricity.

This type of coil is best suited for transmitting power for

a short instance without wire. The optimized tesla coil
transmitter is a continuous wave oscillator with a break
rate equaling the operating the frequency.

Even though Tesla coils are considered as a general

material needed in wireless energy transfer, it is still a
questionable matter to normally since it is dangerous
because it is too much exposed in circuits that may
cause damages not only in the transmission process
but also in people that uses this material.

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EXPERIMENT

AIM
To determine the efficiency of transmitting
electricity in lighting b/w wirelessly and wired circuit.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

 1.100m of copper wire

 2 battery (9 volts)
 A breadboard
 Measuring tape
 Top load
 A pack aluminum foil
 100 ohm resistance
 10uF capacitor
 Sand paper
 80cm Alligator clip
 1n4007 Diode
 2n3904 NPN transistor

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THEORY
Wireless power or wireless electricity transmission of
electrical charge from a power source to an electrical
load without a solid conductor.

The power source is hooked up to the primary coil. The

primary coil capacitor acts like a sponge and soaks up
the charge.th primary coil itself must be able to
withstand the massive charge and huge surges of
current, so the coil is usually made out of copper, a
good conductor of electricity.

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The massive amount of energy makes the magnetic
collapse quickly, and generates an electric current in
the secondary coil. The voltage zipping through the air
between the two coils creates sparks in the spark gap.
The energy sloshes back and forth between the coils
several hundred times per second, and bulbs up in the
secondary coil capacitor.

The resulting high frequency voltage can illuminate

florescent bulbs several feet away with no electrical wire
connection.

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This process repeats until the gap stops conducting

(quenches).once the quench occurs, an exponential
ring down will occur.

The principle behind the tesla coil is to achieve a

phenomenon called resonance. This happens when the
primary coil shoots the current into the secondary coil
at just the right time to maximize the energy
transferred into the secondary coil.

Setting up the tesla coil was an adjustable spark gap

gives the operator more control over the voltage of the
current it produces.

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PROCEDURE
FOR WIRELESS CIRCUIT

1) The copper wire was wrapped around the paper tube

properly. The wire was 100m long but only 66.44
meter was used to cover the entire tube. 470 turns
of wire was taken for the entire tube to be covered.

2) After wrapping, the both ends of the wire are taped

on the paper tube but a few extra centimeters were
left at the bottom. The secondary coil was then
formed.

3)The excess copper wire was covered with the gauge

and sand paper was used to get the both ends of
wire. The wire with gauge was twisted in the same
direction of how the secondary coils was made.

4)The primary coil was inserted inside the circle of

twisting of primary coil.

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5)The circuit was assembled by placing the transistors,
resistors, capacitor, and diodes on the breadboard.

6)An alligator clip was used to connect the end of the

secondary coil to the breadboard, to connect the top
end of the primary coil to the breadboard and the
bottom end to the positive row of the breadboard,
and to the voltage source (battery) well.

7)A switch is connected to the voltage source for easier

activation.

8) A florescent bulb was placed near the secondary coil

and lightened like a normal light bulb. A capacitance
load was then placed on top of the secondary coil
and the light of the bulb was developed into a
brighter one.

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PROCEDURE
FOR WIRED CIRCUIT

1) A bulb socket was glued to the half board. Across

the bulb socket, a battery with the same voltage
used on the wireless system of transmitting
electricity was glued to the board as well.

2)The same bulb was tested for the wired system.

The bulb could not be handled by same battery.
Instead, a small bulb with around 3 volts only was
used because it could be powered by same
battery.

3)A switch for the bulb was also glued to the board
and wires were used to connect all the objects on
the board; the switch, bulb socket and the battery.

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PRIMARY COMPARISON BASED ON:

 Brightness
 Price
 Availability of materials
 Harmful effects upon activation
 Construction time

IDENTIFYING ADVANTAGES AND

DISADVANTAGES BASED ON:

I. The comparison aside from the primary ones were

distinguished for each kid of circuit (wired and
wireless).

II. These advantages and disadvantages were

counted for each king of circuit, to determine
which one is better to the other.

RESULT
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 PRIMARY COMPARISONS

 BRIGHTNESS OF LIGHT

 WIRED CIRCUIT: The note that was written

could still be 12.5cm of range away from the bulb.
 WIRELESS: The note could still be taken in
18cm range away from the bulb,

 PRICE

 WIRED CIRCUIT: The circuit cost not more than

Rs.200.
 WIRELESS: It’s more expensive than wired
costing up to Rs.700.

 AVAILABILITY OF MATERIALS

 WIRED CIRCUIT: The materials were bought

from a nearby electronic shop.
 WIRELESS: the materials were bought from
hardware shop like ace hardware, marketplace,

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bookstores, or from the online stores like
amazon.

 HARMFUL EFFECTS UPON ACTIVATION

 WIRED CIRCUIT: Negative

 WIRELESS: Positive. According to the transition
fcc , it has been known for many years that
exposure to very high levels of radiations can be
harmful due to the ability of electromagnetic
energy to heat biological tissue rapidly.

 CONSTRUCTION TIME

 WIRED CIRCUIT: 36 min.

 WIRELESS: 3 hours 12 min

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVATAGES
 WIRED CIRCUIT

ADVANTAGES

 It can be turned on and off, but only by using the

switch.
 It does not emit radiations that is harmful to people
and animal.
 It could minimize the use of the battery, thus saving
more energy.
 It is not sensitive.

DISADVANTAGES

 It cannot be functioned without the use of wire.

 It can only light a bulb of around 3v, which is a
quite small and emit low brightness.
 It cannot light the bulb without the use of the bulb
socket.

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WIRELESS CIRCUIT

ADVANTAGES

 It can function without the use of wires.

 It can activate light without the use of bulb socket.
 It can light bulbs having high no. of volts.
 It can light more than one bulb at the same time.
 Non-conductor objects in between the circuit and
the bulb does not affect the circuit.

DISADVANTAGES

 It emit radiations which could harm people or

animals.
 It shared some of the energy it receives from the
circuit to other devise nearby.
 Some of the open wires of this wireless circuit
could ground a person lightly when the skin made a
contact with it.
 This wireless circuit is sensitive. Some parts, if
moved, would make the circuit disabled.

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SUMMARY

This study was conducted to explore the efficiency

of transmitting electricity to lighting wirelessly
through the use of a solid state tesla coil and how it
compares to a convectional wired system.

A wireless system of lighting a bulb or a wireless

circuit was constructed, and so as the wired one,
they were compared according to the number of
their advantages and disadvantages after they
were tested and stated.

Based on the results, the wired circuit took more

advantage than the wireless circuit based on the
primary comparisons which was used before to
compare the two circuits; brightness, price,
material availability, the wired circuit was proven
better since it consumed less construction time,
less harmful effects and a lot cheaper.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

 http://www.instructabls.com
 https://www.wikipedia.com
 https://www.livescience.com
 https://www.realclearscience.com
 Physics NCERT textbook class 12

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