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Assessment

Chapter Test A
Chapter: Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
In the space provided, write the letter of the term that best completes each sentence
or best answers each question.

______ 1. Which of the following orbital notations for phosphorus is correct?

a. 3p
2p
3s
1s 2s ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
↑↓ ↑↓

b. 3p
2p
3s
1s 2s ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
↑↓ ↑↓

c. 3p
2p
3s
1s 2s ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑
↑↓ ↑↓

d. 3p
2p
3s
1s 2s ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑
↑↓ ↑↓

______ 2. The diagram ↑↓ represents two electrons with

a. opposite spin states.
b. the same spin state.
c. different energies.
d. the same energy.

______ 3. Which of the following quantum numbers describes a p-orbital in the

third energy level?
a. n  3, l  0, m  0
b. n  3, l  1, m  0
c. n  3, l  1, m  0
d. n  4, l  1, m  0

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Modern Chemistry 26 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test A, continued

______ 4. The electron configuration below violates

2p

2s
1s

a. the Pauli exclusion principle.

b. the Aufbau principle.
c. Hund’s rule.
d. Both (a) and (c)

______ 5. A photon is emitted from a gaseous atom when an electron moves to

its ground state from a(n)
a. inner shell.
b. excited state.
c. n  0 state.
d. less energetic state.

______ 6. How many wavelengths of light are represented in the diagram below?
E∞
E6
E5
E4

E3

E2
f g h
Energy

E1
a b c d e

a. 1 b. 6 c. 7 d. 8

______ 7. What is the frequency of light whose wavelength is 633 nm?

a. 4.74  104 Hz
b. 4.74  102 Hz
c. 4.74  1014 Hz
d. 4.74  1016 Hz

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Modern Chemistry 27 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test A, continued

______ 8. What is the frequency of a photon whose energy is 3.4  1019 J?

(h  6.626  1034 J·s)
a. 8.8  1026 Hz
b. 5.1  1014 Hz
c. 1.9 10–15 Hz
d. 2.3  10–52 Hz

______ 9. When electromagnetic radiation strikes the surface of a metal,

electrons are ejected from the metal’s surface. This is a description
of the
a. photoelectric effect.
b. quantum theory.
c. Aufbau principle.
d. effects of diffraction.

______10. The lowest energy state of an atom is its

a. highest-occupied energy level.
b. principle quantum number.
c. electron configuration.
d. ground state.

______11. Which of these does the angular momentum quantum number

indicate?
a. the shape of an orbital
b. the main energy level of an electron
c. the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus
d. the spin state of an electron in an orbital

______12. Which are the sublevels in an energy level of n  3?

a. s, p, and f
b. s, d, and f
c. s, p, and d
d. p, d, and f

______13. What is the highest occupied energy level in an atom of strontium in

its ground state?
a. n  3
b. n  4
c. n  5
d. n  6

______14. What is the correct electron configuration for a ground-state atom with
7 electrons?
a. 1s22s22p3
b. 1s22s22p23s1
c. 1s22s32p2
d. 1s22s5

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Modern Chemistry 28 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test A, continued

______15. What is the correct noble-gas notation for the electron configuration of
an atom of chlorine?
a. [Ar]3s23p5
b. [Ne]3s23p4
c. [Ar]3s23p4
d. [Ne]3s23p5

______16. What is the atomic number of the element with the noble-gas notation
[Kr]5s1?
a. 35
b. 36
c. 37
d. 38

______ 17. In which orbital(s) are all the inner-shell electrons located in an atom
of magnesium that is in the ground state?
a. 1s
b. 1s, 2s
c. 1s, 2s, 2p
d. 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s

______18. The electron configuration below represents a ground-state atom of

which element?
1s22s22p63s23p4
a. sulfur
b. oxygen
c. silicon
d. selenium

______19. Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation has the

lowest frequency?
a. X rays
b. infrared light
c. ultraviolet light
d. microwaves

______20. The distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves is the

wave’s
a. energy.
b. wavelength.
c. frequency.
d. speed.

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Modern Chemistry 29 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test A, continued

______21. According to Einstein, which of the following can behave like a wave
and also like a stream of particles?
a. a noble gas
b. the atomic nucleus
c. electromagnetic radiation
d. a hydrogen atom in the ground state

______22. When an atom in an excited state emits a photon of radiation, the

energy of the photon is equal to the
a. energy of the atom’s excited state.
b. energy of the atom’s final state.
c. total energy of the atom’s excited state and its final state.
d. difference in energy between the atom’s excited state and its final
state.

______23. The total number of orbitals that can exist at a given main energy
level, n, is equal to
a. n.
b. 2n2.
c. n2.
d. n  1.

______24. How many possible orientations does an s orbital have?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 5

______25. How many possible values are there for the spin quantum number?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

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Modern Chemistry 30 Chapter Test
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TEACHER

19. 1; 1; in the nucleus 13. c 14. a

20. 1; 0; in the nucleus 15. d 16. c
21. 0; 1; outside the nucleus (in the elec- 17. c 18. a
tron cloud) 19. d 20. b
22. Answers should include three of the 21. c 22. d
following: 23. c 24. a
All matter is composed of extremely 25. a
small particles called atoms.
All atoms of an element are identical TEST B
in size, mass, and other properties; 1. c 2. d
atoms of different elements differ in 3. d 4. b
size, mass and other properties. 5. c 6. b
Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, 7. a 8. a
or destroyed. 9. noble gas
Atoms of different elements combine 10. frequency or the wavelength
in simple whole-number ratios to form 11. longer
chemical compounds. 12. hertz
In chemical reactions, atoms are com- 13. wavelength
bined, separated, or rearranged. 14. photoelectric effect
23. The molar mass of a substance is the 15. ground state
mass of one mole of the substance. A 16. frequency
mole of any substance contains 17. line-emission
6.022137  1023 particles, or 18. 3.00  108 m/s
Avogadro’s number of particles. The 19. red
atomic mass is the mass of one atom. 20. Heisenberg uncertainty principle
24. The atomic mass of a single isotope of 21. inner-shell electrons
an element is its relative mass com- 22. electromagnetic radiation
pared to the mass of carbon-12. The 23. d
average atomic mass of an element is 24. a
the weighted average of the masses of 25. b
all naturally occurring isotopes of an 26. c
element. 27. the photoelectric effect and the line-
25. 32 emission spectrum of hydrogen
26. 6 28. A line-emission spectrum is produced
27. 14 when an electron drops from a higher-
28. 15.999 amu energy orbit to one with lower energy,
29. 156 g emitting a photon whose energy is
30. 5.296 mol equal to the difference in energy
31. 1.205  1023 atoms between the two orbits.
32. 1.204  1024 atoms 29. 1s22s22p5
30. 1s22s22p63s23p4
31. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
4 Arrangement of 32. 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2
33. [He] 2s22p2
Electrons in Atoms, 34. [He] 2s22p6
pp. 26–35 35. [Xe] 6s2
36. [Ar] 4s1
TEST A ↑↓ ↑
1. c 2. a 37.  
1s 2s
3. b 4. c
5. b 6. d ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑
38.     
7. c 8. b 1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz
9. a 10. d ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
39.     
11. a 12. c 1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz
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Modern Chemistry 223 Answer Key
Back Print RESOURCE PAGE
TEACHER

40. 7.05  1016 Hz ment in Period 3. Atomic radii

41. 1.28 s decrease as you move from left to
42. 4.58  1019 J right across a period.
24. In general, ionization energies of main-
group elements increase from left to
5 The Periodic Law, right across a period and decrease
pp. 36–45 down a group.
25. Electron affinity and electronegativity
TEST A are related. Electron affinity is a meas-
1. b 2. d ure of the ease with which an atom
3. b 4. b gains electrons. Electronegativity is a
5. d 6. a measure of the ability of an atom to
7. b 8. b attract electrons. Therefore, atoms
9. b 10. a with a high negative electron affinity
11. c 12. a are also the most electronegative.
13. c 14. d 26. The physical and chemical properties
15. c 16. b of the elements are periodic functions
17. d 18. a of their atomic numbers.
19. d 20. c 27. The ionic radii of cations are always
21. d 22. a smaller than the atomic radii of the
23. a 24. d neutral atoms from which they are
25. b formed. The ionic radii of anions are
always larger than the atomic radii of
TEST B the neutral atoms from which they are
1. a 2. c formed.
3. d 4. d 28. c
5. a 6. a 29. b
7. c 8. a 30. e
9. lanthanides 31. a
10. 2 32. d
11. fourth 33. Period 5, s block
12. transition elements 34. Period 4, p block
13. 32 35. Period 4, d block
14. valence electrons 36. 3d 54s2
15. electron affinity 37. 3s23p3
16. electronegativity 38. 4f 145d106s2
17. ionization energy 39. 1, helium
18. 3s23p4 40. 2, neon
19. atomic radius 41. 2, argon
20. ion 42. 3, neon
21. Group 1, Period 7, s block
22. All three groups of elements are met-
als. Alkali and alkaline-earth metals 6 Chemical Bonding,
are so reactive that they are not found pp. 46–55
in nature as free elements. Transition
elements are generally less reactive. TEST A
Some are so unreactive that they do 1. c 2. b
not form compounds easily and exist 3. c 4. c
as free elements in nature. 5. a 6. d
23. Sodium has the largest atomic radius. 7. c 8. b
All the elements belong to Period 3, 9. c 10. b
but sodium has the lowest atomic 11. b 12. c
number and is therefore the first ele- 13. a 14. a

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Modern Chemistry 224 Answer Key