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Procedia Computer Science 00 (2018) 000–000
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Procedia Computer Science 151 (2019) 699–708
The 2nd International Conference on Emerging Data and Industry 4.0 (EDI40)
The 2nd International
AprilConference
29 – May 2,on2019,
Emerging Data
Leuven, and Industry 4.0 (EDI40)
Belgium
April 29 – May 2, 2019, Leuven, Belgium
Redesigning Curriculum in line with
Redesigning Curriculum in line with
Industry 4.0
Industry 4.0
Rizwan Matloob Ellahiaa*, Moin Uddin Ali Khanbb, Adeel Shaha,b,
Rizwan Matloob Ellahi *, Moin Uddin Ali Khan , Adeel Shaha,b,
a
Institute of Business Management, Korangi Creek, Karachi 75400, Pakistan
a
Institute of Business Management, Korangi Creek, Karachi 75400, Pakistan
Abstract
Abstract
Development in information technology has resulted in revolutionizing all aspects of life and this revolution has been realized as
Development
Industrial in information
Revolution technology
4.0 (IR4.0). The has
IR4.0 resulted in revolutionizing
will reduce all aspects
the gap between of life
digital and and this revolution
physical has beenultramodern
world. Keeping realized as
Industrial Revolution
developments in view, 4.0 (IR4.0). The of
an amalgamation IR4.0 will and
physical reduce thesystems
digital gap between digital
will prove to beand physical world.
revolutionary. Keeping
To elevate fromultramodern
the current
developments in view,
state universities an amalgamation
are required to prepare of physical and digital
curriculum, systems will
academicians and prove to bealike.
students revolutionary. To elevate
Thus academia fromweigh
should the current
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to equip prepare curriculum,
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with latest knowledgeand and students alike.
skills to face Thus
future academia
realism. should are
Universities weigh their
required
capabilities
to enhance putting effort to and
their approach equip our generations
methods with latest
of education. Latestknowledge and skills
technologies to face
such as Big future realism. Universities
Data Analytics, are required
Artificial Intelligence,
Augmented Reality,
to enhance their and Internet
approach of Things,
and methods of Cloud Computing
education. Latest and other advancements
technologies such as Big need to be
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in the upcoming era of Industry 4.0.
© 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
©
© 2019
2019
This The
The
is an Authors.
accessPublished
Authors.
open Published by
by Elsevier
article under the CC B.V.
Elsevier B.V.
BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
This is an open
Peer-review access
under article under
responsibility theConference
of the CC BY-NC-ND Program license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Chairs.
Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs.
Keywords: Industry 4.0; Education 4.0; IR 4.0; Big Data; Artificial Intelligence; Cloud Computing; Augmented Reality; Internet of Things
Keywords: Industry 4.0; Education 4.0; IR 4.0; Big Data; Artificial Intelligence; Cloud Computing; Augmented Reality; Internet of Things
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +92-334-2036292.

E-mail address:author.
* Corresponding Rizwanmatloob786@gmail.com
Tel.: +92-334-2036292.
E-mail address: Rizwanmatloob786@gmail.com
1877-0509 © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
This is an open
1877-0509 access
© 2019 Thearticle under
Authors. the CC BY-NC-ND
Published license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
by Elsevier B.V.
Peer-review
This under
is an open responsibility
access of the Conference
article under CC BY-NC-NDProgram Chairs.
license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
1877-0509 © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
10.1016/j.procs.2019.04.093
700 Rizwan Matloob Ellahi et al. / Procedia Computer Science 151 (2019) 699–708
1. INTRODUCTION
Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0) has widely impacted the diverse aspects of human life. Undeniably, it is a significant
revolution that influences human activities, impacting every aspect of their lives. Moreover, universities and
academicians should weigh their knowledge and abilities in order to update and advance themselves to the present
and future generation Z (gen-Z).Based on cyber-physical systems, both academicians and students need to be flexible
to adapt the shifting trend, new knowledge and expertise as a part of today’s life [1].
The term “Industry 4.0” was first coined by the German government in the year 2013 as a strategic plan by Industry
Science Research Alliance in partnership with Acatech. This new project has led Germany to regard itself as a pioneer
of industrial IT practices [2]. As the Industrial Revolution 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 resulted in mechanization, mass production
and digitization through the introduction of steam engines, electronics and information technology. Additionally IR4.0
has resulted in a fusion of digital and physical world through the advent of technologies; such as Internet of Things
and Internet of Services. Thus an amalgamation of physical and digital systems will prove to be revolutionary. These
Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) would enable communication between the physical objects and cyber infrastructure.
Hence enabling accessibility of information and services simultaneously at multiple ends [3].
At present it is difficult to manage smartphones, cars and other appliances remotely. As an example; signals can be
sent to the heating system which turns it on before we reach home or while we are asleep. The coffee machine can
prepare a coffee by estimating our wakeup time. Therefore, the advent of these CPS and IR4.0 practices will enable
effective communication and will allow humans to remotely diagnose data provided by systems, resulting in effective
maintenance and efficient diagnostics. Furthermore, diagnosed data is gathered through these cyber physical systems
that will enable identification of the required solution, spare part or tool. The required solution, tool or spare part can
automatically be ordered to the vendor through modern communication infrastructures. Applications of Cyber Physical
Systems are quite broad, covering almost every aspect of life. [3].
2. RESEARCH PROBLEM
Emerging as a new challenge, IR4.0 has led IT systems to precede and become a primacy to human life. Without
the universities customizing their academics in line with these advancements, there will be great scarcity of needed
knowledge and skills. Universities are required to prepare and organize academicians and students alike; both
academicians and students need to be flexible to adapt the shifting trend [1].
Keeping such developments in view, an amalgamation of physical, digital and biological systems with industries
would prove to be revolutionary. To assure employability of graduates, it is necessary for the universities to alter and
modify their curriculum and methods of education.
3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following question is to be addressed in this research:

 What Future skills would be required in order to align human resources with upcoming industry 4.0 practices?
4. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
The research objectives are:

 To identify the major technological developments and required competencies for the upcoming 4th Industrial
Revolution. (Contribution to theory)
 To propose a Model Curriculum Matrix as a roadmap for universities to incorporate and adapt Industrial
Revolution 4.0 in their curriculum. (Contribution to practice)
5. METHODOLOGY
In order to determine the major technological developments and required competencies for the upcoming revolution
content analysis methodology was applied.
Rizwan Matloob Ellahi et al. / Procedia Computer Science 151 (2019) 699–708 701
Content analysis can be defined as a technique used to examine written, verbal and visual communications [4]. It
involves creating replicable and workable connections and links with facts and figures in relation to their background
and surroundings [5]. Content analysis also emphasizes on the features of language along with the focus on its content
or context [6]. Qualitative content analysis does not only incorporate words quantification, but it also examines the
overall communication, ensuring proper grouping of extensive data into categories representing similar context [7].
There was a need to determine certain technological developments, competences and capabilities from the
established literature. Therefore, content analysis was the most relevant and appropriate approach in such a situation.
Content analysis aims to extract the information and context of the subjects under focus [8].
In order to identify certain characteristics of the upcoming revolution publications from 2013 till 2018 related to
IR4.0 were selected for content analysis. Additionally, in order to ensure the accuracy and reliability over the data
following steps were also applied to implement the research methodology successfully:
 72 publications were selected for content analysis. It should be noted that the papers that were selected for
evaluation of content analysis were focused on the general aspects of IR4.0, rather than being specific to certain
technologies of IR4.0 such as (Big data, Cloud Computing etc.).
 72 publications for frequency analysis were selected based on filtration, the reason for filtration was to identify
the domains that were reflected in by papers related to IR4.0. Papers from only those domains were selected that
were represented by at least 5 publications. As a result of this activity, four main domains were identified.
Table 1 Depicting distribution amongst different categories of domains.
Domains # of Papers
Manufacturing 26
Knowledge & Research 23
Management 16
Information Technology 7
Total 72
 Word frequencies were counted to identify the repeated words, each and every word from top 1000 repeated words
was analyzed with regard to the context in which these words were used. After this 5 competencies and
characteristics of technological developments that are associated with IR4.0 were determined. Word frequencies
to determine the repeated words were quantified through word frequency tool in NVivo12 software.
 There were certain words which were frequently used in relation with other words, thus forming new contextual
terminologies, as these words made new sense when used together. Therefore, such relations in between the
repeated words were determined by using a Word-Tree-Map-tool in NVivo software.
 Table 1 reflects the distribution amongst different domains and table 2 reflects the themes of all the 72 sample
publications.
 Table 3 reflects the word frequency analysis, it should be noted that under Table 3 the identified term is further
evaluated in relation to their context through analyzing various definitions of identified terms in literature.
 A model illustrating the Curriculum Matrix for redesigning curriculum in line with IR4.0 has been proposed in
Figure 1.
Table 2 Depicting the themes of all the selected 72 Research Papers

Themes
1. Industry 4.0: A best practice project of the automotive industry.
2. Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0.
3. Capabilities on the horizon. Deutsche Bank
4. Collaboration mechanisms to increase productivity in the context of Industrie 4.0.
5. Cyber physical systems in the context of Industry 4.0.
6. Cyber-physical production systems: Roots, expectations and R&D challenges.
7. How-Virtualization-Decentralization-and-Network-Building-Change-the-Manufacturing-Landscape
8. Industrie 4. 0 - Advanced engineering of smart products and smart production
9. Industrie 4.0: Hit or hype? [Industry Forum].
10. Industry 4. 0? Solving the agency dilemma in supply networks through cyber physical systems Industry 4. 0?
11. Industry 4.0. Business and Information Systems Engineering
12. Information technology for the factory of the future - State of the art and need for action.
13. Smart factories in Industry 4.0: A review of the concept and of energy management approached in production based on
the Internet of Things paradigm.
14. The Fourth Industrial Revolution things to tighten the link between IT.
15. A CPPS architecture approach for Industry 4.0.
16. A perspective on knowledge based and intelligent systems implementation in Industrie 4.0.
17. Business Model Innovation for Industrie 4.0: Why the "Industrial Internet" mandates a new perspective on innovation.
18. Design and governance of collaborative business processes in Industry 4.0.
19. From automated home to sustainable, healthy and manufacturing home: a new story enabled by the Internet-of-Things and
Industry 4.0.
20. Industrie 4.0: Enabling technologies.
21. Industry 4.0: Invited paper for souvenir.
22. Industry 4.0 with cyber-physical integration: A design and manufacture perspective.
23. Industry 4.0. The future of productivity and growth in manufacturing.
24. Navigating the fourth industrial revolution.
25. Smart factory systems.
26. Strategic factor analysis for Industry 4.0.
27. Transforming to a hyper-connected society and economy - towards an "Industry 4.0.
28. Visual Computing as a key enabling technology for Industrie 4.0 and Industrial Internet.
29. A categorical framework of manufacturing for Industry 4.0 and beyond.
30. A complex view of Industry 4.0.
31. A maturity model for assessing Industry 4.0 readiness and maturity of manufacturing enterprises.
32. A perspective on Industry 4.0: From challenges to opportunities in production systems.
33. Design principles for Industrie 4.0 scenarios.
34. Digitalisierung industrieller Arbeit: Entwicklungspfade und Perspektiven.
35. Editorial: System-integrated intelligence - New challenges for product and production engineering.
36. Emerging manufacturing paradigm shifts for the incoming industrial revolution.
37. Engineering the smart factory.
38. Implementing Smart Factory of Industrie 4.0: An outlook.
39. Industrie 4.0 - From the perspective of applied research.
40. Industry 4. 0 and sustainability impacts: Critical discussion of sustainability aspects with a special focus.
41. Industry 4.0 Development and application of intelligent manufacturing.
42. Industry 4.0: A review on industrial automation and robotic.

43. Industry 4.0: Reality, Future or just science fiction? How to convince today's management to invest in tomorrow's future!
44. Strategies for Industry 4.0 and manufacturing IT.
45. Industry 4.0: Towards future industrial opportunities and challenges.
46. Management approaches for Industry 4.0: A human resource management perspective.
47. Procedure for defining the system of objectives in the initial phase of an Industry 4.0
48. Process modeling for industry 4.0 applications.
49. Smart factory for industry 4.0? A review.
50. Strategic guidance towards Industry 4.0 - A three-stage process model,
51. The application center Industrie 4.0 - Industry-driven manufacturing, research and development.
52. The impact of Industry 4.0 on procurement and supply management: a conceptual and qualitative analysis.
53. The Industry 4.0 revolution and the future of manufacturing execution systems.
54. The Internet information and technology research directions based on the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
55. The transformation and upgrading of the Chinese manufacturing industry.
56. Analysis of control architectures in the context of industry 4.0.
57. Fourth Industrial Revolution: Technological drivers, impacts and coping methods.
58. Industrial cyber physical Systems.
59. Industry 4.0 and the current status as well as future prospects on logistics.
60. Industry 4.0 impacts on lean production systems.
61. Past, present and future of Industry 4.0 - a systematic literature review and research agenda proposal.
62. Smart Factory of Industry 4.0: Key technologies, application case, and challenges.
63. The Fourth Industrial Revolution "Industry 4.0."
64. The Vision of "Industrie 4.0" in the making.
65. Towards lean production in industry 4.0.
66. Digitalization of industrial value chains - a review and evaluation of existing use cases of industry 4.0 in Germany.
67. Evaluating challenges to Industry 4.0 initiatives for supply chain sustainability in emerging economies.
68. Industry 4.0 framework for management and operations: A review.
69. Industry 4.0: A Korea perspective.
70. Industry 4.0: State of the art and future trends.
71. The expected contribution of Industry 4.0 technologies for industrial performance.
72. The industrial management of SMEs in the era of Industry 4.0
6. Analysis
Table 3: Content Analysis of the term “Big Data”

Identification and evaluation of the term “Big Data”
Basic word identified through word frequency: DATA
Total # of papers used as sample 72
# of papers consisting word "Data" quoted as a reference 72
Word frequency count rank out of 1000 words 3rd
# of times "Data" Quoted as a reference 2405
Term generated in connection with other words : Big Data

# of papers consisting words "Big Data" quoted as a reference 52
# of times words "Big Data" quoted as a reference 384
% of quotations consisting "Big Data" against quotations consisting "Data" 16%
% of papers consisting "Big Data" against total # of papers 70.27%
The word “data” has been quoted 2405 times, positioned as the 3rd most frequent word in available literature. It is
also notable that “data” has been quoted in all the 72 sample papers.
Furthermore after evaluation performed through the Word-Tree-Map-tool, the most frequent word quoted in
connection with data was identified as “Big”. Hence indicating a new term “Big Data”. The existence of the identified
term “Big Data” can additionally be justified by considering the fact that the identified term has been quoted 384 times
in 52 publications this amounts to the existence of the term in more than 70% of the sample papers.
The origin of the term “Big Data” is still quite vague. According to Diebold (2012) the word “Big Data” was first
used in mid 1990s on a talk at the lunch table Silicon Graphics Inc. (SGI). Due to the drastic changes in the
characteristics of data, the definitions of “Big Data” have also evolved much. However, after studying and analyzing
relevant literature certain characteristics can be associated to define the term “Big Data”. According to (Laney, 2011),
Big Data can be associated with three Vs (Volume, Variety and Velocity), these three aspects can be linked to define
big data [9]. Gartner, Inc. also explains “BIG DATA” by relating it with information that involves excessive volume,
excessive velocity and excessive variety and processing in a cost efficient manner in accordance with the modern
processing of information thus leading to better decisions [10]. Tech America also describes the term “Big Data” in a
similar manner, according to Tech America Big Data involves great volumes, along with complex variability and
excessive velocity this requires modern methodologies and advance IT infrastructures in order to cover, store,
disseminate, organize and evaluate this data [11]. The unstructured data is being gathered by organizations because
the latest data management and analytics infrastructures have enabled organizations to exploit this data, in an
innovative manner. For example through face detection in context of super mart, can analyze data related to customers
such as age store traffic, age and gender distribution and buying patterns of customers. The information can further
be used for placement, planning, procurement and staffing strategies. Velocity is related with the pace of data
generation and processing agility for evaluating the data. Advance technologies and gadgets such as sensors and
smartphones have further optimized the velocity of data, resulting in further need of analytics and planning. SMEs
and retailers also generate a lot of data that can be used for further analytics. For example, around 1 million transactions
are being processed by Walmart, within an hour [12].
According to a survey by Bloomberg BusinessWeek (2011), 97% of organizations with revenues exceeding $100
million were discovered to be associated with data analytics. The continuous adoption and growth of Big Data
Analytics makes it an important characteristic of the upcoming IR4.0.
Table 3: Content Analysis of the term “Internet of Things”

Identification and evaluation of the term “Internet”
Basic word identified through word frequency: Internet
# of papers consisting word "Internet" quoted as a reference 71
Word frequency count rank out of 1000 words 18th
# of times "Internet" quoted as a reference 1191
Term generated in connection with other words : Internet of Things

# of papers consisting words "Internet of Things" quoted as a reference 66
# of times words "Internet of Things" quoted as a reference 530
% of quotations consisting "Internet of Things" against quotations consisting 45%
"Internet"
% of papers consisting "Internet of Things" against total # of papers 89.19%
The word “Internet” has been quoted 1191 times and is positioned as the 18th most frequent word in the available
literature. It is also notable that “Internet” has been quoted in 71 of total 72 sample papers.
connection with internet was identified as “Things”. Hence indicating a new term “Internet of Things”. The existence
of the identified term “Internet of Things” can additionally be justified by considering the fact that the identified term
has been quoted 530 times in 66 publications out of the total 72 papers investigated this amounts to the existence of
the term in more than 89% of the sample papers.
There are wide variety of definitions related to “Internet of Things”. There is a variation in every definition but one
thing that is unique about every definition is that, the first phase of internet incorporated data created by humans while
as the second phase data started to be generated from devices as well. Therefore the most appropriate definition of
internet of things would be:
“An open and comprehensive network of intelligent objects that have the capacity to auto-organize, share
information, data and resources, reacting and acting in face of situations and changes in the environment” (Madakam,
Ramaswamy, & Tripathi, 2015).
Internet of Things often referred as IoTs is one of the most anticipated trend in the IT Industry since the past few
decades IoTs have gained popularity by visualizing an evolution in global infrastructure through networking of objects
around us, enabling these physical objects to connect for any purpose [13]. Therefore IoTs establish an international
networking to enable communication between humans, humans and things and will even allow non-living things to
communicate with other non-living things. This would lead to the unique identity to everything around us [14]. This
means that IoTs would redefine world as a place where everything would be connected with each other resulting in
advance communication infrastructures. IoTs will not only incorporate connections between electronic devices but
will also establish connections with other things, from roads to pacemakers over the networks, This established
networking would further enable to gather and evaluate excessive volume of data. The development of IoTs would
lead to better management of environment because when things around us could sense and communicate these objects
could be used as tools to monitor, measure and respond to uncertainties and complexities. The emergence of IoTs
would surely be a revolution for mankind [15].
Table 3: Content Analysis of the term “Cloud Computing”

Identification and evaluation of the term “Cloud Computing”
Basic word identified through word frequency: Cloud
# of papers consisting word " Cloud " quoted as a reference 58
# of times "Cloud" quoted as a reference 55
Term generated in connection with other words : Cloud Computing

# of papers consisting words "Cloud Computing" quoted as a reference 42
# of times words "Cloud Computing" quoted as a reference
216
% of quotations consisting "Cloud Computing" against quotations consisting
"cloud" 39%
% of papers consisting "Cloud Computing" against total # of papers 56.76%
The word “Cloud” has been quoted 552 times and is positioned as the 54th most frequent term in the available
literature. It is also notable that “Cloud” has been quoted in 58 of the total 72 sample papers.
connection with Cloud was identified as “Computing”. Hence indicating a new term “Cloud Computing”. The
existence of the identified term “Cloud Computing” can additionally be justified by considering the fact that the
identified term has been quoted 216 times in 42 publications out of the total 72 papers investigated. This amounts to
the existence of the term in more than 56% of the sample papers.
Cloud Computing has emerged as an advance model for information technology businesses which is gaining
immense attraction in recent times due to its potential. AMR Research defines cloud computing an application for
upcoming generations. Through the utilization of cloud computing IT infrastructure is rented by service providers at
low costs, the buyer can now influence its IT infrastructure more securely, and there is less of a hassle as there is no
need for in-house data management centers. IT resources can now easily be scaled according to the needs. In view of
Enterprise Strategy Group Cloud Computing has been defined as a service model, because the work volume is shifted
in a transparent manner over the internet. Customers are charged on the basis of their consumption and businesses do
not need to acquire hardware’s and severs. According to Forrester Group cloud computing is such an infrastructure
that enables organizations to get applications hosted according to their consumption. THINK strategies a consulting
company describes Cloud Computing as a package of services allowing the users to obtain IT and computing
technologies in order to construct or support its applications on consumption basis [16].
Cloud Computing has flourished as a significant model in the field of IT, The emergence of Cloud Computing has
added more value in software and has revolutionized the designing and purchasing of IT hardware and services. It
will allow to store data on external servers and services would be charged according to the consumption, this will
enable IT Firms to rent out their computing ability. Plus it will also provide data warehousing facility.
Table 3: Content Analysis of the term “Artificial Intelligence”

Identification and evaluation of the term “Artificial Intelligence”
Basic word identified through word frequency: Intelligence
Total # of papers used as Sample 72
# of papers consisting word " Intelligence " quoted as a reference 48
# of times "Intelligence" quoted as a reference 194
Term generated in connection with other words : Artificial Intelligence

# of papers consisting words "Artificial Intelligence" quoted as a reference 23
# of times words "Artificial Intelligence" quoted as a reference 54
% of quotations consisting "Artificial Intelligence" against quotations consisting 28%
"Intelligence"
% of papers consisting "Artificial Intelligence" against total # of papers 31.08%
The word “Intelligence” has been quoted 194 times and is positioned as the 261st most frequent word in the
available literature. It is also notable that “Intelligence” has been quoted in 48 of the total 72 sample papers.
connection with intelligence was identified as “Artificial”. Hence indicating a new term “Artificial Intelligence”. The
existence of the identified term “Artificial Intelligence” can additionally be justified by considering the fact that the
identified term has been quoted 54 times in 23 publications out of the total 72 papers investigated this amounts to the
existence of the term in more than 31% of the sample papers.
When it comes to define the term “Artificial Intelligence” the understanding of this term has been quite complex
because of the discussions over it. There are around four different definitions of “Artificial Intelligence” in a single
dictionary:
 An academic subject of computer science, AI is related to the evolution of computers possessing through
processing like humans.
 It’s a thought of such machines that possess such abilities that enable them to think like humans. For example;
Learning, Self-Correcting and adapting.
 It’s a growth in human intelligence, just like physical power was enhanced through mechanical tools.
 It is the science used to enable more efficiency in computer usage through advance programming. (The New
International Webster’s Comprehensive Dictionary of the English Language, Encyclopedic Edition)
Table 3: Content Analysis of the term “Artificial Intelligence”

Identification and Evaluation of the term “Augmented Reality”
Basic word identified through word frequency: Reality
# of papers consisting word " Reality " quoted as a reference 45
# of times "Reality" quoted as a reference 161
Term generated in connection with other words : Augmented Reality

# of papers consisting words "Augmented Reality" quoted as a reference 15
# of times words "Augmented Reality" quoted as a reference 59

% of quotations consisting "Augmented Reality" against quotations consisting
"Reality" 37%
% of papers consisting "Augmented Reality" against total # of papers
20. 27%
The word “Reality” has been quoted 194 times and is positioned as the 336th most frequent term in the available
literature. It is also notable that “Reality” has been quoted in 45 of the total 72 sample papers.
connection with reality was identified as “Augmented”. Hence indicating a new term “Augmented Reality”. The
existence of the identified term “Augmented Reality” can additionally be justified by considering the fact that the
identified term has been quoted 59 times in 15 publications out of the total 72 papers investigated this amounts to the
existence of the term in more than 20% of the sample papers.
The practical applicability of the term “Augmented Reality” has enhanced in such a manner that its application can
be witnessed in cell phones and other devices as well [17]. Augmented Reality enables to converge digital objects
with physical ones, resulting in the existence of virtual objects, simultaneously with real objects [18]. The scope of
Augmented Reality is much wider than vision as it can also be applied in other senses such as touch, hear and smell
objects [18]. Augmented Reality enables convergence of digital content with the actual world [19].The distinct nature
of Augmented Reality makes it different from user being completely influenced by virtual environment because
Augmented Reality promotes reality, rather than replacing reality [20].
This research was performed to identify the major aspects of the IR4.0 and to highlight the focused areas to be
considered by universities while updating and designing their curriculum in line with the upcoming revolution. Based
upon the above content analysis and after evaluating the validity and reliability of terminologies, a curriculum matrix
has been proposed as Figure I.
Fig. 1 Curriculum Matrix for Industrial Revolution
7. FINDINGS/CONCLUSION
The proposed Curriculum Matrix is basically a framework which can be applied as a roadmap for universities to
incorporate and adapt Industrial Revolution 4.0 in their curriculum. The following curriculum matrix portrays the five
composite variables of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 that have been identified through the content analysis. It should
also be noted that the proposed curriculum matrix is not a curriculum itself. However, the proposed curriculum matrix
can serve as a tool for the identification of required skills and can also be applied as a roadmap for the curriculum
development. In order to bridge a gap between current and required academic practices, academicians can further
work and research on the key areas illustrated in the proposed matrix. As the field is in developing stages; therefore,
lack of work is done with regard to curtail the gap between academics and IR4.0. Amongst the limitations of this
research the most significant was the unavailability of relevant literature. Another limitation that appears to be
legitimate is lack of in depth analysis. As the research is focused towards wider spectrum of IR4.0; hence it was not
feasible to perform an in depth analysis of every aspect of IR4.0. It should also be noted that the focus areas defined
in the matrix are not the only aspects of IR4.0. Further research and growth in technologies can result in an increment
in these identified domains. Based on the findings of this research, an extended domain specific model can be designed
for universities that can further linkup current academics with the practices of IR4.0. On the basis of literature review
performed, it should also be concluded that all the areas identified through this research are somehow related towards
enhancing communication and digitization either through IT infrastructures or by communicating with these IT
infrastructures. Thus, universities must be more determined to equip the upcoming generations with the skills related
to capture, analyse and communicate data though these upcoming IT infrastructures. On a final note, the proposed
curriculum matrix cannot be regarded as a curriculum itself. However, it intends to provide an initial starting point to
link academicians with the upcoming revolution. We believe that creating and applying a whole new curriculum in
one go can be a daunting task. Therefore, incremental steps should be taken. Through this research paper academicians
can get an overall view of IR4.0 and the proposed curriculum matrix can be applied as a starting point for redesigning
curriculum in line with the Industrial Revolution 4.0.
References
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Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics, 2014.
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[11] TechAmerica Foundation, “Demystifying big Data: A Practical Guide to Transforming the Business of
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First International Conference on Security of Internet of Things - SecurIT '12, pp. 51-56, 2012.
[15] A. Reinhardt, A Machine-to-Machine Internet of Things, 2004.
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reality in the mathematics,” Computers & Education elsevier, 2013.
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reality,” IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 1997.
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355-385, 1997.

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1877-0509 © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

The following question is to be addressed in this research:

The research objectives are:

Table 1 Depicting distribution amongst different categories of domains.

Table 2 Depicting the themes of all the selected 72 Research Papers

42. Industry 4.0: A review on industrial automation and robotic.

Table 3: Content Analysis of the term “Big Data”

Term generated in connection with other words : Big Data

Table 3: Content Analysis of the term “Internet of Things”

Term generated in connection with other words : Internet of Things

Table 3: Content Analysis of the term “Cloud Computing”

Term generated in connection with other words : Cloud Computing

Table 3: Content Analysis of the term “Artificial Intelligence”

Term generated in connection with other words : Artificial Intelligence

Table 3: Content Analysis of the term “Artificial Intelligence”

Term generated in connection with other words : Augmented Reality

# of times words "Augmented Reality" quoted as a reference 59

Fig. 1 Curriculum Matrix for Industrial Revolution

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