Creating Internet of Things for the benefit of Indian
Society
Priyanshu Gandhi∗ , Ravi Sharma∗ and Ankit Maheshwari†
∗ Medi-Caps
University, Indore, India
Email: gandhi.priyanshu@gmail.com, ravi.sharma@medicaps.ac.in
† Intel Mobile Communications, Bangalore, India
Email: ankit.maheshwari@intel.com
Abstract—With growing evolution in computing and communi-
cation technologies consolidated with the demand of supervising
physical and environmental conditions gave rise to the expansion
of Internet of Things(IoT). An Internet of Things is a wireless
network comprising of diffused independent devices (Things in
IoT) using sensors and actuators for monitoring and controlling
of environment. It has been expected that trillions of such devices
in coordination with billions of smart systems using millions of
applications will be in use. The most of the internet traffic will
be carried out by all such IoT devices in future. This brings
up the challenges for diffused and cooperative computing and
communication. The paper shows the road map and role of IoT
as mother technology for the key of success for ongoing and
future projects in India, such as clean and green India, smart
city, high speed railway projects, pollution control systems, smart
agriculture and many more.
Index Terms—Internet of Things (IoT), Sensors, Actuators,
cooperative computing, communication.
I. I NTRODUCTION
A Internet of Things (IoT) is a special kind of device
enabled wireless network comprising of diffused independent
devices (Things in IoT) which use sensors and actuators for
supervising the physical conditions of the environment like
temperature, sound, pollution levels, humidity, wind etc. and
thereby compiling the collected data at a central location
The IoT is a network which consists of small devices or
nodes whose range varies from several hundreds to even
thousands embedded with a radio transceiver where every
device is linked to one(or sometimes several) sensors and
actuators. These devices can organise themselves into a suit-
able structure to collectively perform a specific task. Each
device typically consist of different parts which includes (a)
a micro-controller, (b) a radio transceiver with an internal
antenna or connection to an external antenna, (c) an electronic
circuit for communicating with the sensors and (d) an energy
source [1][2][3]. For providing wireless connectivity back to
the wired world and distributed nodes, a gateway is integrated
with the IoT system. To change the way we live, IoT is an
accrediting technology that can transfigure information and
communication technology by utilizing World Wide Web and
the Internet. Iot enables us to track activities happening at
distant and generally remote locations. During development
of IoT devices, it must be ensured that there is a limitation
on cost, computational capability, battery power, memory and
the physical size of the sensors and actuators [4].
The selection of a protocol for IoT depends on the ap-
plication requirements. IEEE 802.15.4 or IEEE 802.11 are
the principal standards in IoT which forms the basis for the
most frequently used wireless communication standards [1][5].
Closing the loop is yet another feature that is being added to
IoT which brings in the unification of sensing, communicating,
computing and control (SC3). IoT find its application in many
areas such as smart Health care, Security and Surveillance,
Environmental Monitoring (Watershed, Pollution Monitoring,
Weather Study), Smart and Creative Industries, Structural
Monitoring (for building and bridges), Smart and Precision
Agriculture, Smart Automotive/Vehicular, Supply Chain Man-
agement, Future Markets, Smart Dust, Smart Cities, etc. Nest,
4Control, Lifx, GE, AGT Intl., Jawbone Up, Fitbit, Pebble are
some of the well known examples today [6].
The history of Internet of Things marks its beginning in
late 90’s, to promote RFID technology. Until 2011 it has not
accelerated its popularity but reach to a market hike in early
2014. According to a report published ny IDC, IoT is expected
to have 8.9 trillion dollar market by 2020. The Industrial
internet and Machine to machine communication sub-segments
the term Internet of Things rather opposing its core concepts.
The paper is structured as follows, Section I explains the
background and a brief history about Internet of Things. The
current research and development trends in IoT is given in
section II, and Funding, Investment and Challenges is shown
in Section III. The real world use of Iot in different sectors are
shown in IV. Section V shows the opportunities in Iot in India
followed by its shares in different cites of India and different
Industries in subsection V-A and subsection V-B. The different
IoT emerging start-ups are shown in section VI. Finally the
concluding remarks and future work of IoT is given in Section
VIII.
II. C URRENT R ESEARCH AND D EVELOPMENT T RENDS
The development in Internet of Things (IoT) benefitted
several application areas such as Agriculture, HealthCare,
Defence, Disaster Management and Industrial Applications
[10]. Different research deployments have been conducted for
all these applications so as to address more concrete issue.
IoT holds a significant promise to the industry because of
its capability of enriching system’s performance remarkably.
Hence different industries and Start-up companies like Sen-
tilla, Point8, Crossbow etc. have also funded Internet of Things
research [11][12]. IoT have been classified as one of the top
10 emerging technologies with a major role in cyber-physical
systems, pervasive computing, Body Networks and Embedded
Systems. The algorithm design and the hardware design marks
the existing status of IoT technology. The issues such as
energy-efficiency, self-configuration and low cost hardware
design poses a challenge for the deployment of long-lasting
systems in the real environments. IoT have been receiving high
interest across the industry and academia but it is becoming
difficult to make the fundamental contributions due to the
growing popularity of IoT as a research field.. It will become
clear in the upcoming years where the lasting contributions and
research directions lie. IoT have also encountered some major
research issues like Transducer design, Electronic System de-
sign, Node design, System design and protocol. The single-hop
(star topology) and multihop (particularly tree topology) are
considered for Distributed Detection using Internet of Things
[13]. Some of the recent contributions in Distributed Detection
and Target Tracking using Internet based Internet of Things
are tracking a mobile target using Energy restrained Wireless
Sensor Network and Multi-hop Cellular Sensor Networks
[14][15].
Fig. 1. IoT Analytics- Quantifying the connected world.
III. F UNDING , I NVESTMENT AND C HALLENGES
For the complete research and development of IoT the
collaboration should be tripartite including Government Agen-
cies, Academia and Industry which play equally important role
in terms of finance, research and commercialization leading to
complete end to end development of the IoT [10]. To resolve
different research problems concerned with the design and
development of IoT is the key role of the academia. Iden-
tification of products and their specifications, price structure,
market survey, manufacturing, deployment etc. are the sole
responsibility of the participating industry. The theoretical
research part of the project must receive complete financial
support from the Government who may demand indemnities
from the industry at a later date. The modern standards for
application domains that benefit from the sensors and actuators
0 In Fig.1 the data of monthly Google search of IoT applications, Tweets
with #IoT, Linkedin post include IoT application name.
based networks can be established in cooperation with the
Government. Different limitations in IoT research development
and deployment are affordable sensors and actuators, economy
of scales, lack of skilled manpower, broad deployment cycle,
unlicensed spectrum and need for impetus for sensor and
actuators development.
Various strategies that could have a major impact on re-
search, development, prototyping and incubation of IoT tech-
nologies are setting up of virtual centres, long term policies,
funding for incubating developments, funding for hosting
international conferences, collaborations and funding based on
the performance. The IoT technology should be made available
in schools and universities as it will be great to have different
applications equipped with IoT technology accessible to young
minds. The Government of India should administer more funds
for deploying IoT to large sectors of Indian Business such
as Agriculture in the coming years.Initially target application,
should be those that are challenging and significant, yet viable
[16].
IV. R EAL W ORLD OF I OT IN I NDIA
The Internet of Things (IoT) seems to be gaining wide pop-
ularity these days. With many top notch companies focusing
on different IoT enabled project, the Internet of Things seems
to be a major trend. The IoT ecosystem is accelerating at a
faster pace and there are many companies mushrooming up
in the area of IoT building new products and solutions across
all the verticals. With the initiatives like Smart city or centre
of excellence for Internet of Things, India is making a rapid
progress towards the digital world and taking significant steps
towards a better connected world.
The analysis of different applications of IoT clearly depicts
a clear picture. With respect to searches on Google,talks on
Twitter and posts on LinkedIn the different applications of IoT
were measured and ranked relatively [18].
Smart Homes: The statistics clearly predicts that the Smart
home is the most prominent IoT application. Nearly about
61k people currently explore Smart home monthly which in
itself is not a surprise. Smart home technology, also known
as home automation, provides homeowners security, comfort,
convenience and energy efficiency by allowing them to control
smart devices, often by a smart home app on their smart-
phone or other networked device. Around 250 companies and
startups have shown its involvement in the Internet of Things.
More than $2.5bn have been spent for funding Smart home
Startups. Nest, AlertMe and multinational corporations like
Philips, Haier etc. are the eminent startups included in this
funding list.
Wearable: The wearable also seem to be quite popular
among the consumers. With evolution in new gadgets like
Smart watches and activity tracker, wearable devices marks
the core of every major discussion involving Internet of Things
(IoT). With around $0.5bn funding, Jawbone is probably the
one with largest funding among all IoT startups.
Smart City: The modification of conventional elements of
city life like streetlights into intelligent lighting system has
been made possible because of reliable wireless connectivity
and IoT technology. The smart city also received a good
response with third highest popularity among consumers.
With the Prime Minister of India paying a huge amount of
interest in clean India and preparing a list of smart cities has
drawn people attention. Over 40,000 people seems to have
searched smart city across search engine. From distribution
of water to management of traffic, to managing the waste,
security and supervising the environment the Smart city ranges
across different use cases. The Smart city solutions assures
to diminish the problems faced by people living in the cities
which thereby provides a major boost in its popularity.
Smart Grids: For restraining the use of appliances, there
was a need for introducing the advanced form of analog
technology. Hence Smart grid technology came into existence
that contains the use of appliances by implementing two-way
communication. It has been practically feasible to employ
Smart grid technology due to familiarity of Internet access
everywhere around. To improve the reliability, efficiency and
economics of electricity,the future smart grid guarantees to
make use of information about the actions of electricity sup-
pliers and consumers in an automated manner. The popularity
of Smart grid technology can be marked by its over 40000
searches on Google.
Industrial Internet: Through integrating concept of intelli-
gent machines, or distinct pieces of equipment, with embedded
technology and the Internet of Things (IoT), the Industrial
Internet marks its presence in the IoT application field. The
industrial internet does not seem to have as much popularity
as Smart home and wearable do but it is considered to be one
of the special Internet of Things Application and a concept
with highest overall potential.
Smart Vehicle: Taking in consideration that in the automo-
tive industry, development cycles takes the span of about 2-4
years, the connected car is advancing steadily. The substantial
automakers and different growing startups are working on
the connected car solutions. In the near future, if the big
automakers like Fords, Mercedes, BMWs aren’t able to deploy
connected car then other well known giants definitely would.
It is believed by many experts that the connected cars are the
vital element of the enormous Internet of Things network.
Smart Health care: Smart health, also known as technology
enabled care (TEC) intends to maximize healthcare resources
and thereby providing increased, flexible opportunities for
patients to engross with the physician and better self-supervise
their care.The popularity of Smart Health care has been limited
as the idea of Smart Health care and smart medical devices
hasn’t reached to the commonality. The eminent use cases and
the success of broad start-ups still seems awaited.
Smart Retail: Smart retail is a niche segment with not much
popularity. Smart Retail encompasses the set of technological
solutions enabling us to convert a conventional physical store
into an interactive point of sale, firstly to meet the new needs
of buyers brought about by the digital revolution and, secondly,
to provide retailers with the necessary tools. But it still remains
an area that still requires being grown.
Fig. 2. Technology distribution of IoT market shares in India.
Smart Supply Chain: The supply chains popularity re-
mains limited even though they are getting smarter since past
few years. There have been a various number of solutions
developing for tracking the goods. There also been different
solutions for interchanging inventory statistics by the suppliers.
These solutions have been marking their presence in market
since past few years, hence integrating them with the Internet
of Things in coming years will definitely give a major boost.
Smart Farming: Smart farming is basically an approach
for transforming agricultural development. The consolidation
of Internet of Things with farming to overcome the abstraction
of farming operations and the large number of livestock
that could be supervised would lead to transfigure the entire
farming process. But this notion is yet to reach broad attention
with least popularity among all the different above mentioned
applications. But nevertheless it still remains an application
that can not be underestimated and can definitely become an
important application in near future.
V. I OT O PPORTUNITIES IN I NDIA
As Internet of Things is hitting the products and services
side of it, creating many opportunities like never before, the
demand for skilled professionals in the area has gone up many
folds opening up a plethora of opportunities for the aspirants.
Many mid notch companies have especially contributed to
an increasing demand for the workforce, which along with
MNCs have led to tremendous creation of works in the field.
Estimated 2.5K job openings related to IoT are currently
available to be filled in India. India seems to be lagging far
behind the world in terms of job openings contributing to only
8% of open jobs currently. But this number is expected to grow
at a rapid pace in coming years due to increase in interest of
leading MNCs in the field of IoT [17].
A. IoT market shares in Cities of India
According to the above statistical data, it is observed that the
number of IoT opportunities is maximum in Bengaluru which
accounts to be more than half of the total IoT opportunities
in India. Being the technical hub of India, Bengaluru is the
home for many upcoming IoT related startups. The Chen-
nai and Delhi/NCR regions are the distant contributors after
Benglauru. Internet of Things is a recent trend thats evolving
up and hence mostly concentrated in the top IT sector regions.
Pune, Mumbai and Hyderabad are some other contributor with
a less share.
B. IoT market shares in Industries of India
The biggest influence in the IoT market is the Telecom-
munication sector with about half of the total shares. The
Telecommunication industry stands at the conjuncture of new
yield strings and new provocations brought by the innovation
of connectivity as the Internet of Things continue to diffuse in
every sector of the enterprise and consumer worlds. Adoption
of Internet of Things (IoT) and associated technology would
expand the IoT market with a growth of about $9bn over the
coming years. The other significant influences are Engineering
Industry, Electronics and Semiconductor, Automobile, Internet
and E-commerce, Banking and Finance. There are some other
industry contributors like Foods and Beverage, Advertising
and PR, Pharmacy and Biotechnology.
Fig. 3. City wise distribution of IoT opportunities in India.
VI. E MERGING I OT S TART- UPS IN I NDIA
With the evolution in technology, the Internet is not only
confined to mobiles and desktops but it is well beyond them
including smart watches, smart cities, smart homes etc. and
much more. There’s a lot that the IoT industry has to offer
including the wearable to IoT sensors and the different IoT
platforms. Traversing onto this road, there have been innu-
merable start-ups rooting up in this domain which in itself
justifies the prospective this space has. There are different
potential emerging start-ups in IoT sector making India proud
[19][20][21]. They can be listed as:
Boltt Sports Technologies: The Boltt is a sports technology
brand which mainly focuses on wearables and fitness apps to
help user boost up the running and lay emphasis on their fitness
and health. The health, fitness and technique have always been
a major part of any sport and Boltt with its advanced features
combines sports performance with meaningful data enabling
players to improve their sports performance. To convert data
into functional insights, testimonials and providing expert
guidance Boltt Technologies are developing certain tools. With
the help of Artificial Intelligence, it is introducing wearable
tech for fitness fans.
Fig. 4. Leading IoT start-up in India.
Carnot Technologies: By connecting different automobiles
to the Internet, Carnot technologies are aiming to develop
a connected car platform which allows user to track their
vehicles, supervise its speed and thereby getting theft alerts.
They also emphasizes on integrating features such as repair
and insurance of the vehicles with the help of the phone. The
Carnot also gives owners a rich insight into their driving and
fuel economy.
Gaia Smart Cities: Smart city is an emerging concept
that aims at changing and shaping the way we live, work
and interact with the environment. The cities and businesses
can predict and manage outcomes by blending data with
machine learning and data analytics. The Gaia makes use of
the Internet of Things and hence provides different services
such as tracking, analytics, sensing etc. over a wide area
network.
Klar Systems: Klar systems is a company targeting Home
and Building automation Systems by building IoT platforms
and products. The home automation system is one of the
most widely used IoT application. The Klar systems has laid
its emphasis on bringing new innovative IoT gadgets in the
market. With a perspective of helping professionals in this
field, Klar systems have made certain association and tie-ups
so as to create new opportunities in this emerging field.
Neewee: Neewee is a Bengaluru based Analytics ser-
vices Company with a specialization in Predictive Mainte-
nance/Condition based supervising Solutions for Internet of
Things (IoT). By making extensive use of present-day tech-
nologies like Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning it
ensures faster and smoother implementation with the ability satisfying their requirements and unlocking new sources of
to deploy solutions on the Cloud. The services like asset revenue for them.
and model conformation makes it relatively easy to detect,
VII. I NDIAN I OT MARKET CAMPARE TO WORLD
diagnose and observe future assets.
Saturam: The Saturam is also a Bengaluru based startup As global chatter grows around the IoT technology, busi-
which emphasises in the areas of Big Data, mastery over nesses in the country is already taking the plunge or planning
devices, Industrie 4.0 and IoT. They architect an always- to adopt the emerging technology. The IoT technology has
on connected and cost-effective algorithm which makes them become a part of almost every sector across the country be
elemental data-driven, inconsistency detection using common it automotive, transportation or manufacturing and seeing the
continuous data-apps. Using the pre-built continuous data-apps growth its market share is expected to escalate up to $15bn by
helps to restrain defects,reduce warranty costs, boost ROIs, 2020 from $5.6bn currently. The expansion in consumer and
predict maintenance by creating an effective analysis loop and industrial applications drives the overall IoT growth raising
henceforth implementing an extensive IoT reality. the global IoT market to $3tn.
SenseGiz: SenseGiz focuses on making enterprise and
industrial IoT based consumer and enterprise products which
solves the customer’s endeavour points in their routine life.
The most promising IoT startup devised their new device
COIN which is flexible, cheap to deploy and has the low-
est power consumption among different devices in the mar-
ket.Through COIN, the different IoT application domains like
condition surveillance, smart offices, hospital management,
smart factories etc. are the prominent targets.
75F: 75F is a US based startup founded by two Indian
natives focuses on creating solutions that predicts building
needs and managing them pro-actively. With numerous awards
Fig. 5. Split of overall IoT market.
around the corner for its evolving technology, 75F focuses on
building system that enhance energy efficiency, improved oper- India is said to rule 5 percent of global IoT market by
ations, indoor air quality and building comfort. The consistent 2020 with current 340 million internet users that is said
temperature, airflow and energy efficiency can be achieved by to grow upto about 730 million users by 2020. IoT is a
easy-to-deploy dynamic cloud-based algorithms, integrating technology that will become accessible to colossal audience
wireless sensors, smart thermostats which sense, analyse and directly or indirectly by lodging it into every smart device.The
control the performance of the building thus delivering fast Government has come up with many digital schemes and with
functionality and divergent results. the ubiquitousness of Internet everything will end up being a
Stellapps: Founded by a group of technology enthusiasts part of the Internet of Things. A immense amount of data
from different top-notch institutions of India including IIT- will be generated and the Big Data tools would be required
Madras, IIT-Kharagpur, IIM-Ahemdabad with extensive expe- to manage such mammoth data. With the growing interests of
rience, Stellapps is an IIT-Madras incubated company with companies in IoT solutions and the increasing emergence of
a simple objective of helping dairy farmers and cooperatives IoT startups, the country is definitely laid out for the next level
to maximise profit with minimum efforts. with comprehen- of growth.
sive farm optimization and monitoring support, they build
innovative applications using IoT, Big Data, Cloud and Data
analytics. The data is acquired via sensors through IoT router
and controller and lodged in milking systems,peripherals and
animal wearables and then scattered to various stakeholders
via smart mobile devices.
Unlimit: Set up by one of leading Telecom group Reliance,
Unlimit is the only dedicated IoT business unit with an aim to
help Indian and foreign companies to set up and develop their
IoT businesses. This growth is marked by letting these busi-
nesses market swiftly, scale rapidly with high dependability at
low ownership cost. It has made several exclusive collabora-
tions so as to promise a robust coverage as well as to ensure Fig. 6. Iot/M2M Application deployment.
the best IoT Connectivity platform across the country. Their
products Unlimit CONTROL-cloud based platform, Unlimit With more than 75 percent already utilizing or had plans to
STARTER-suite of developer tools and Unlimit TRACKING- deploy IoT applications, India and China marked the global
asset tracking solution have reached to large-scale enterprises peers in the Asian markets. Among the global market, the most
business and IT decision makers were part of the markets
of China, India, New Zealand, Germany and UK. Indian
information technology services companies now own about
two-fifth of the global IoT market. In all, about 43 per cent or
1.5 billion dollar of the global 3.5 billion dollar market. The
share in Western Europe and North America is 27 percent
and 23 percent, respectively. The IoT startups building and
tapping on innovative solutions allured numerous investors and
received impressive funding for the same. Different present-
day forces like cloud-computing, Artificial Intelligence and
analytics etc. have been driving the growth of IoT enabling
businesses to turn data into insights. Internet of Things has a
huge potential and can be used in almost any sphere of our
lives. There is no doubt that IoT is a game-changer and there
is enough potential for professionals to innovate further.
VIII. C ONCLUSION
Internet of Things is set to challenge several paradigms
around living, industry and businesses in days to come. In
India, IoT has crossed the basic introduction phase and is
on its way to encompass different verticals such as smart
city, smart industry, smart living spaces and so on. With IoT
devices collecting tons of data on daily basis, machines shall
be able to make data driven decisions to make our lives more
comfortable and secure in the days to come. There is both
awareness and desire to be connected and have smart and
intelligent systems in India. With the government constantly
trying to improve infrastructure that supports new age IoT,
this industry is expected to grow at an exponential pace in a
decade.
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