Visualising

Sustainable Cities
- Nidhi Desai
 Visualising Sustainable Cities

Nidhi Desai
Documentation of Diploma Project
Project Facilitator: Yamini Temujin

PGDP Bridge - Visual Communication and Strategic Branding (VCSB)

Srishti Institute of Art, Design & Technology

2015-2016
Contents

Introduction

Phase 1
Project Brief 12-19
Studying Context 16-21
Field Visits 22-45
Proposal 46-47

Phase 2
Concept & Visualising 50-71
Field Visits 66-67
Research 64-69

Phase 3
Prototyping,Editing,
Testing, and Refining 76-201

Final Output 202-203

Learning
Acknowledgement
Bibliography

Introduction Panchatantra an ancient Indian treatise tells us a story about a
monk who renounced everything to live in the forest is faced with a
problem. Whenever he drives his only possession, his loin-cloth, a
rat nibbles at it. A passerby offers a cat as a solution. It temporarily
solves the rat problem, but the cat requires milk. Someone offers
the monk a cow, for milk. The cow needs its calf too. The cat
problem is solved. But the cow and calf require a shepherd boy to
take them for gazing, milking, etc. The boy then requires someone
to cook and feed him. A woman. So, the monk marries a woman.
A household is set up. In the process, the monk becomes a
householder and the original purpose of monkhood is lost.

We all are caught up with the similar problem on planet. While looking
for shortcuts and not addressing the long terms issues. Often this
approach causes too many other unnecessary problems whose quick
solution might give rise to some more problems and so on endlessly. In
the end, the objective is lost.

In the world of economics, what nature provides to us is widely seen

in terms of immediate returns. Forests, for example, are valued for their
timber. When a country needs money, the forests can be cut down and
the capital immediately released. This may contribute to the nation’s
Gross Domestic Product, but in reality, the country has lost resources
and becomes poorer. We need a world that appreciates environment
and find our meaning within it.

This book is doucmentation of my project ‘visualizing sustainable

cities’. Under this project, problems related to environment has been
looked up, precisely for Bengaluru city with the support of UN-Habitat
and Srishti UNESCO chair with south asian perspective for the New
Urban Agenda.
 0
PHASE
01
Project Brief
Studying Context
Field Visits
Defining Proposal
Project Brief
Increasing global climatic problems has led to formation of
Sustainable Development Goals by United Nations. The project
aims to help bring awareness about one of the goals.
S ustainable Development is a complex concept
that is not easy to make actionable. The
newly established UN Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) establish new global goals
towards achieving it. The SDGs make it clear that
sustainability has many dimensions including
environmental, economic, social, and cultural.
Client
UN-Habitat is the United Nations programme
working towards a better urban future. Its mission
is to promote socially and environmentally
sustainable human settlements development and
the achievement of adequate shelter for all.
Over the next fifteen years, with these new goals
that universally apply to all, countries will mobilise
efforts to end all forms of poverty, achieve food
security, inclusive quality education, affordable
energy, productive employment, fight inequalities,
12
sustaining life below water bodies, and tackle
climate change, making cities sustainable while
ensuring that no one is left behind.
What is the UN trying to do?
The next UN Habitat is in October 2016 in Quito,
Ecuador when countries around the world will
gather together to adopt a New Urban Agenda.
Ongoing now are the processes for defining the New
Urban Agenda that integrates the UN Sustainable
Development Goals and that aims to make cities
Safe, Sustainable, Inclusive and Resilient.
Why do we need this agenda?
It’s a mind boggling fact that over half of the world’s
population lives in urban areas, and this number
will increase to about two thirds of the world’s
population by 2050. Which means that today, 3.9
billion people are living in cities, and that number will
For the goals to be reached,
everyone needs to do their part:
governments, the private sector,
civil society and people like us.

13
 From the 17 SDGs, this
project focuses on 11th
goal.

continue to rise. The world’s urban areas are
already overcrowded and, particularly in developing
countries, suffer from shortages of clean water,
electricity, and other resources essential to the
support of their exploding populations and fragile
economies.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end
poverty, fight inequality and injustice, and tackle
climate change by 2030.
GOAL 11: Making cities, and Human Settlements
Safe, Inclusive, Sustainable and Resilient

The problems created by rampant urbanization Focus Area:

are amongst the most important challenges of
our time. Cities are also engines of growth with
industries and markets, and places of innovation in
the arts and in technology. They offer education and
employment and represent immense opportunities
and responsibilities.
Beside shown is Goal 11 of the UN Sustainable
Development Goals and the task as a Visual
Communicator was to promote ‘Awareness of Goal
11’ to specific audiences/age groups (Bengaluru
specific) through Visual Communication material
showing current v/s desirable situations.

What is Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ?

At the United Nations Sustainable Development

Summit on 25 September 2015, world leaders
adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development, which includes a set of 17

14
GOAL 11

Making cities, and human settlements safe, inclusive, sustainable and resilient

11.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, 11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe,
safe and affordable housing and basic services inclusive and accessible, green and public
and upgrade slums spaces, in particular for women and children,
older persons and persons with disabilities
11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable,
accessible and sustainable transport systems 11.a Support positive economic, social and
for all, improving road safety, expanding public environmental links between urban, per-urban
transport, with special attention to the needs and rural areas by strengthening national and
of those in vulnerable situations, women regional development planning
children, persons with disabilities and older
persons 11.b By 2020, substantially increase the number
of cities and human settlements adopting
11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable implementing integrated policies and plans
urbanization and capacity for participatory, towards inclusion, resource efficiency,
integrated and sustainable human settlement mitigation and adaptation to climate change,
planning and management in all countries resilience to disasters, and develop and
implement, in line with the Sendai Framework
11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic
world’s cultural and natural heritage disaster risk management at all levels

11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the number of 11.c Support least developed countries, including
deaths and the number of people affected and through financial and technical assistance, in
substantially decrease the direct economic building sustainable and resilient buildings
losses relative to global gross domestic utilizing local materials
product caused by disasters, including water-
related disasters, with a focus on protecting the
poor and people in vulnerable situations

11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita

environmental impact of cities, including paying
special attention to air quality and municipal
and other waste management

15
Understanding Sustainability

Sustainable

adj. able to be maintained

at a certain rate or level.

Sustainability could be defined as an ability or Masterclass

capacity of something to be maintained or to
sustain itself. It’s about taking what we need to
live now, without jeopardising the potential for
people in the future to meet their needs.
If an activity is said to be sustainable, it should
be able to continue forever.
It can be best described by a word in Hindi ‘ti-
kaao’ which means strong and long lasting.
Various techniques were used for unpacking this
particular word. Understanding this word stands
the most crucial part of the project. A masterclass
by Lakshmi was organised wherein types of
sustainability was explored by various examples like
female sanitation, enviornment, garbage, pollution
and many more problem finding and catergorising
the problem was brainstormed.

Let there be no misunderstanding. This is not
to say that development is not needed and the
problem should be ignored. Development is
needed certainly. But it should be sustainable
development.
Classroom activities like mind mapping, relating the
words with visuals, discussions, movie screenings,
case studies of top 10 sustainable countries were
conducted to unpack the word sustainability.

The most often quoted definition comes from the

UN Bruntland commission: “sustainable devel-
opment is development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.”

16
 Brainstorming the word sustanability

Kaka Muttai, a vibrant tamil film which is a story about

two brother living in slums and how they are enticed by
the arrival of the new pizza show in their locality. The
film showcases how urbanization is hittling slums and
various perspectives on the life of slum dwellers.

Connecting it to client’s brief

17
 World’s 10 sustainable cities
article by national geographic.
Critical analysis of article
reading and discussion of why
these cities are sustainable.

Comparative analysis with

recent floods in Chennai
due to serious global climate
problems.

18
Project Components

Concentrating on four pillars of the project; safe, inclusive,

sustainable and resilient project deliverables were narrowed down

Safe Expectations of the Project

- Safe housing
- Safe basic services How can a Visual Communicator promote
- Upgrade slums ‘Awareness’ by visually depicting how Bangalore
- Safe transport system City and the future can be Safe, Sustainable,
- Road safety Inclusive and Resilient through Visual
- Safe for women, children, elderly, and disabled Communication material.
- Safe from disasters
Stated below are some Visual Communication
Resilient Output examples:
- Local building materials
- Increase resilience to disasters - Design a series of Postage Stamps
- Mitigation and adaptation to climate change
- Protect and safeguard world’s cultural and natural - Publication Design can be promotional/
heritage information manuals to educate people or officials
- Reduce environmental impact of cities how the cities and their future can be sustainable,
- Air quality and waste magenment safe, resilient and inclusive.

Inclusive - Visual educational materials to promote and inform

- Adequate and affordable housing school children about their role in making cities
- Adequate and affordable basic services sustainable
- Mobility for all including women, children, elderly
and disabled. - Infographics to promote awareness to people how
- Recognize and protect cultural and natural to make the cities and their future – sustainable,
heritage safe, resilient and inclusive.
- Access to green infrastructure & public spaces
- Participatory processes - Handouts, Book marks, Flash Cards for Children,
- Focus on protecting the vulernables T-Shirts, Totes, Notepads, etc.

19
Research 1

Approach 1: Research tools and techniques were explored

to further break down the project

Role play assigned: Local Chai Vendor

Situations: Unable to cope up with milk price rise, temporary setup,
affected by natural disaster, local competition likewise
many scenes to understand their scenario

20
Becoming vendors and taking glance at their life and problems in city
for survival. The project aims at being inclusive and therefore it was
important to see different lifestyles and understand importance of each
ones necessity.

21
Field Visit: Primary Research 1

Approach 2: Making observation

LOOK SEE FORSEE

To look at a glance without See through the mind at the Forsee to understand, question,
making any immediate decision. images of the city and wonder about the situation,
person or a place that makes the
city.

Having lived in cities for almost 20 years of my life, I could relate to the problems we face every day. Water
problems, air pollution, rising temperatures, noise pollution, traffic congestion, lack of facilities to fight the
natural calamity (we are well aware of recent floods in Chennai), improper use of energy, carbon emissions
and the list goes endless. While going through the periphery of the problem and piercing ideas to achieve
the goal 11, I went out to research (Bangalore City) to explore and understand the cities problems.

Research Tool : Observation

Photo Documentation
Interviews

22
Location: Brigade Road Look: The people, the cars, the commercial hub,
Time: 11:00am shopping

See: Congestion, No Parking, No green space

Forsee: Do they realise the situation around them?

23
Location: Chickpet Market Look: Highly busy market, a traditional indian
Time: 12:00pm bicycle

See: A mobile venture

Forsee: Indianess of using one thing for many things

(multi-dimenional India)

24
Location: Chickpet Cloth Market LOOK: Traditional market place
Time: 12:30pm
SEE: Urbanisation and the congestion

FORSEE: Population density, How is it possible

to go sustainable without multiple efforts?

25
Location: Road to Avenue Road LOOK: Transport system at glance
Time: 1:00pm
SEE: Two-dimensional India, a cow, car and
a truck on a narrow track

FORSEE: Animal exploitation or a stereotype

26
The look at some of the glimpses of chickpet market place

The cultural significance

The hoardings all around the place

27
Narrowing from macro level problems to micro and in relation with UN
Habitat Goal 11.

Visually Representing the city from the observations

Discussions of the lacks and improvements and finding the areas of

awareness

28
Visual representation of a busy
chickpet market. Showing the
need of an hour for proper urban
development with increasing
green cover

29
Research 1

Field Visits : Primary Research 2

Approach 3: Field visits observating with the

lens of green cover of the Bengaluru city.

30
31
32
33
 Rare birds nest

Exotic flowers species in

lalbagh

34
 Studying of trees and its
origins

Fruit trees in the city

35
The peaceful sleep
under the tree. A
relaxed afternoon

36
The nostalgia of
childhood fun

37
The other side of the story. Making efforts to protect
trees. Small efforts will lead to big change.

The images on the right side tries to convey past and

present of Bangalore.

38
39
The peaceful glance of the city
the project wishes to visualize.
More breathing spaces and
clean air, healthy life for all

40
 At 11 am traffic comes to a stop before a signal on
Bangalore’s MG road. A few frustrated pedestrians
make their way through a maze of auto-rickshaws,
motorcycles, buses, and cars. In the far corner,
a tired police officer (with a mask) blinks over
the steady gush of vehicles to see if anyone has
skipped a red light.
It is no surprise that there is no shade; all along the
main road, green cover has been cut down to make
way for infrastructure. The few trees that remain
are behind private compounds. We have heard and
seen people moving to outskirts of the city with
more urbanization. It is a common sight to see trees
cut to make way for big infrastructural projects or
housing every day. Though a root of every vibrant
city is an urban forest.
41
The idea of seeing various images where we
can efforts are required to save the greenery of
Bengaluru. Alongwith it is also observed that the
green patch of Bengaluru is reducing and we hardly
see any Bangalorian enjoying the greenery of the
city. While few conversations with people reflects
that bangalorians are nostalgic about the reducing
greenery of the city.
The idea is to revive Bangalore and rejenuvate the
past. The memories with greenery of the city.
The project further aims to achieve to create visual
material which makes people aware of importance
of trees and greenery.
Secondary Research 1

Approach 4: Secondary research includes, ebooks,

articels, on web and print media, videos,
surveys on the greenery of Bengaluru

42
 The red shows increase in
urbanization of the city

India’s Silicon Valley-Bengaluru

is fast losing its green cover
with urbanisation having risen
by 125 per cent between 2000
and 2014 , researchers at
Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
claimed. Rapidly urbanising at
a pace of 4.6 per cent, Greater
Bengaluru has witnessed a
decline of vegetation and water
bodies by 62 and 85 per cent
respectively in this period.

43
Articles and books

Urban Ecosyst
DOI 10.1007/s11252-010-0148-1

Tree diversity, distribution, history and change in urban

parks: studies in Bangalore, India

Harini Nagendra & Divya Gopal

# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010

Abstract Urban parks constitute critical biodiversity hotspots in crowded, concrete-

dominated city environments. Despite the importance, they remain little researched. This
paper assesses the biodiversity and distribution of trees in urban parks in the southern
Indian city of Bangalore. 127 plots were used to survey tree distribution in parks across the
city. The distribution is largely dominated by a few common species. The proportion of
exotic species was very high, with 77% of trees belonging to introduced species. Park
history had an impact on distribution. Old parks had fewer but larger trees, and greater
species diversity compared to recently established parks. Old parks also differed in species
composition, having a greater proportion of large canopy trees compared to young parks.
Examination of size distributions revealed that large canopied species were gradually being
phased out, and replaced by narrow and medium sized tree species which are easier to
maintain, but which may not provide the same environmental and ecological benefits.
Greater attention requires to be paid to the selection of trees in cities, not just with a view to
easy maintenance as is currently the case, but to select an appropriate mix of trees that
supports biodiversity and maximizes environmental and ecosystem services.

Keywords Cities . Green spaces . India . Urban biodiversity . Urban ecology

Introduction

44
Cities constitute a habitat and home for an increasingly large proportion of the world’s
population, playing a critical role in maintaining ecological, economic and social well
At the root of every vibrant city is an urban forest.

- A -

Pathways
to Green Cities
Innovative Ideas from Urban India

Volume II

EXPLORING BIODIVERSITY:
A Guide for Educators Around the World

45
Proposal

The area of intervention after progressing from research

and understanding of the problem scenario to combact
environment issues

How can Urban Forestry Contribute to Goal 11

Awareness?

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

- Trees have a positive impact on neighborhoods - Planting trees in urban areas reduces energy use
- Less litter, more social cohesion, psychological and costs by 20-50%
benefits - A single tree can absorb up to 8 pounds of air
- Urban Forest mitigate strain on human health, pollution every year, thus lowering risk for asthma
urban resources and social services in young children and the elderly. Think about
- Visual exposure to trees helps recovery from what a million trees in a city could do
stress as indicated by blood pressure and muscle - Reduced soil erosion. A dense cover of plants
tension and mulch holds soil in place, keeping sediment
out of lakes, streams, storm drains and roads; and
ECONOMIC reducing flooding, mudslides and dust storms
- Roofs totally or partially covered with vegetation
- Urban forest increase property values; parking lot can play an important role in saving energy7
can reduce on-site heat buildup, decrease runoff - Modifies temperatures. Properly placed trees
and enhance night time cool downs reduce house temperatures in the summer.
- Water quality protection; recharging groundwater
supplies and protecting lakes and streams from And the list is incredible and goes ON!
polluted runoff
- Poor people are those most likely to benefit from
planting trees in city by reducing their energy use
and therefore their costs

46
 Urban trees are an essential multi-functional
resource, providing a vast array of benefits for local
people, urban communities, and the cityscape.
These include improved physical health and mental
well-being, mitigation against the Urban Heat Island
effect (UHI), pollution absorption, flood protection,
and wildlife habitat. Urban trees, parks and open
spaces provide many city dwellers with their only
recreational space, promoting community cohesion,
contact with nature and creating sensory outdoor
learning resources.

Our urban woodlands face an unprecedented level

of threat. Land development, growing populations
and changing climate are decreasing our ‘tree
capital’ in the urban environment, and yet we’re
planting fewer trees than the number we’re losing.
Trees for Cities is working hard to reverse that trend
but we need your help to continue planting urban
trees in cities that need it most.

Imagine what would a city look like if each one of

us collectively helps in creating urban forestry?

The best time to plant a sapling was 20 years ago.

The next best time is now. - Chinese proverb.

Area of Intervention

To sensitize people about appreciating the value of

trees in its presence and awaken to act for creating
urban forestry and combact global climate problem

Age Group: 15-24 years

Some visual communication material like Infographs,

Posters, Illustrations to create awareness.

47
 0
PHASE
02
Field Visits
Research
Conceptualising
Visualising
Iterations 1

The idea was to make

infograph for each tree.
How it helps and how
can it benefit environment
and helath of people. The
guide to plant it including
the location and type of
soil.

50
Further iterations of placing
content and layout for infograph

51
 First few iteration. This
inforgraph takes a static angle of
communicating about trees and
its benefits. The idea did not come
emotionally and therefore this was
not developed further.

52
 Second Iteration of showing
the big peepal tree and
communicating the benefits
first so that people get affected.
This was also not developed
further due to size and where it
will be placed.

53
 government infographics

Some infographs for reference

54
 Various topics
infographs

55
Iterations 2

Catergorising trees
depending upon their
benefit.

56
 Further feedback from Rustam
and Kumkum led to few more
idea generation

57
 Iteration of developing
the scenario of reducing

SAVE the CITY vegetation rom the city but

the skyline looked more of
a tourism promotion so the
Once known as India’s garden city,
Bangalore is now facing climate change. further skyline was explored.
Here’s the closer look at why there is a problem

ARE YOU EXPERIENCING

38 C
RISING TEMPERATURE
16 C

IN BANGALORE? In 1835, Bangalore used to have temperature of 14-16°C at

peak summer time, but now it has doubled to 38 degrees

Karnataka State
Pollution Control
68%

66%
Board has given one
main reason for climate
change in Bangalore is
due to decrease in
Vegetation 25% Vegetation has
reduced in last
1973 2012 40 years

Vegetation has reduced Bangalore population

by 66% in 40 years density has risen
by 47%in last decade

Colour palette

58
Bangalore Skyline

SAVE the CITY

Tool Used: Photoshop

59
 Iterations 2

Combining the data and

SAVE the CITY layout of the two previous

iterations

Once known as India’s garden city,

Bangalore is now facing climate change
Here’s the closer look at why there is a problem

Reasons of threat Bangalore figures prominently on the list of highly polluted cities
when tested on many pollution parameters, according to a report
Increase in Population by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE)

Increase in vehicular traffic

Decline in water Bodies

Decline in Vegetation
Increase in Green house gases

Improper Urban Planning 47% 7-10% 74% 66%

Increase in Increase in Decline Decline
Lack of basic Amenities growth rate Vehiclular in Water in Vegetation
of the city Traffic bodies & green cover

In 1835, Bangalore used

to have temperature of
14-16°C at peak summer
time, but now it has
doubled to 38 degrees.

60
 Iterations 3

These ideas were not taken

SAVE the CITY

foreward as the feel for trees
was not felt.

Once known as India’s garden city,

Bangalore is now facing climate change
Here’s the closer look at why there is a problem

Bangalore figures prominently on the list of highly polluted cities when tested on many
Reasons of threat pollution parameters, according to a report by the Centre for Science and Environment
Increase in Population
Increase in vehicular traffic
Decline in water Bodies
Decline in Vegetation
Increase in Green house gases 47% 7-10% 74% 66%
Improper Urban Planning Increase in Increase in Decline Decline
growth rate Vehiclular in Water in Vegetation
Lack of basic Amenities of the city Traffic bodies & green cover

In 1835, Bangalore used
to have temperature of
The growth of Bangalore is visualized for the year 2020 using business
as usual scenario. Land Use scenario depicting urban growth is shown below:
120
Built-up

14-16°C at peak summer

Vegetation
Water bodies

time, but now it has 100 Others

doubled to 38°C degrees. 80

60
*Results indicate
40 that the urban area

14%
would cover close to
20 50 to 60 % of the
total land use in and
surrounding Bangalore.
0
2008 2010 2012 2020
Actual Actual Actual Expected

Over 1000
new cars are
registered daily
School children
suffer from
air pollution

61
Target Audience

To understand the psyche and helps designing

communication material

People who can take action if awared. The audience who is more
intuitive to their surroundings.

The people who are socially active and in connect with media.
The audience that can take action and many NGOs and social intiative
have been taking place in Bengaluru tagrgeting the youth so the target
audience narrowed down was Youth.

TAREGT AUDIENCE: YOUTH

UN, for statistical consistency across regions defines ‘youth’, as those

persons between the ages of 15 to 24 years.

Why Youth?

- They are influencers in the family

- They are socially active
- Action takers
- Intuitive to their surroundings
- Open-minded, aspirational and ambitious
- The future generation
- Capacity to propel idea to the mainstream

62
Form for communication

With most of the data collection and research, First form

for communication narrowed was Infographs

63
Research 2

Secondary research 2

Second phase of secondary research was conducted to

understand more about the trees that Bengaluru city
needs and which native plants and trees should be looked
at under the guidance of Anupama Arun

Why native trees?

Every land has different type of soil and depending

on that there are trees which grow better in some
soil. More native better it is because of many
reasons mentioned below

- Native plants help you use less fertilizers

- Native plants help you use less pesticides
- Native plants help you use less water
- Native plants help you keep the air around you
cleaner
- Native plants provide shelter and food for wildlife
and support pollinators
- Native plants promote biodiversity and
stewardship of our natural heritage
- Native plants have been shown to save money in
many different ways
- Local wildlife, birds and butterflies have a
relationship with your native plants. They rely on
them for food, shelter and nesting.
Reference: Common
Dryland Trees of Karnataka
by Atree organisation

64
Few references which were used for understanding
and narrowing down to the 10 trees that can help
the climatic conditions of Bengaluru city.

65
Research 2

Field Visit 2

Second phase primary research of meeting authorities who

have been working on improving this scenario and can
guide to decide the which trees to plant.

In Conversation with
KARNATAKA FOREST DEPARTMENT

Sri R Sharath Babu

Honorary Wildlife Warden

- The forest department functioning?

- Which trees in Bengaluru is being affected due to
rising urbanization?
- Which are the indigenous trees of Bengaluru?
- How to identify the location?
- What is the procedure to plant a sapling and grow
a tree in the city?
- Scenario of trees in Bengaluru?
- What are the major factors affecting the city trees?
- The forest nurseries by government?
- The law and order for cutting or pruning a tree?

66
Bangalore Walks In conversation with
BANGALORE WALKS & Arboriculture Association of
India (Seminar)

VIJAY THIRUVADY
Trustee (Bangalore Environment Trust)
Author of Heritage Trees

- What is Arboriculture?
- Canopy Management and Avenue Trees
- Who was G H Krumbiegel?
- Landscaping and Value of a tree
- Flowering Trees
- Rural and Urban Scenario of trees
- Concept of Gundu Thopu?
- Horticulture and Biodiversity
- Understanding of Bangalore trees and gardens
- Tree felling scenario
- Gardens of Bengaluru
- Birds census

Arboriculture:
Avenue and Landscape Trees of
Bangalore & Krumbiegel’s Contribution
by Arboriculture association of India,
Bangalore

67
Trees Information

68
LIST OF TREES

Narrowed down after study

and discussions

Neem Tree
Peepal Tree
Jamun Tree
Banyan Tree
Cluster Fig Tree
Ivorywood Tree
Karanj Tree
Flame of the Forest Tree
Ceylon Boxwood Tree
Indian Beech Tree

69
Masterclass with Lakshmi

Masterclass with lakshmi was a game changer. Masterclass with Lakshmi was very helpful in
She critically analysed and asked where these deciding onto the medium of communication
infographs go and who will be able to access. This effectively. Same information will be delivered but
was certainly thought but as the client requirements through the different form of information design.
were only restrcited to print materials ther idea of
infographs is widely accessed through web and
there it can be reader friendly also.

The challenge lies in articulating the same idea with Expected Deliverables
impact onto a small piece of paper. Not always
information has to be delivered with infographs.
Though the research was done on 10 different trees,
Further research was not where the youths are
the number of table tents were reduced to six and a
accesible and are generally free to grab the
book.
information. After exploring few things, Coffee
shops was seen as a potential place to hit the
One side of the table tent will have a thought
message. Karnataka being the hubof coffee shops
provoking informative illustration, the scenario of a
and having large number of coffee shops was seen
problem.
as a potential place to make awareness.
Posters, wall hangings, standies, leaflets , etc was
Another side of the table tent will have information
studied to showcase the message. Later Table tents
and illustration of the tree that if planted will help in
was finalised as they are placed on the table and
reducing the effect of the problem. Also, it will have
during the waiting time and before placing the order
information about the health benefits that a single
it is highly accesed to see offers.
tree can provide.
The client brief also mentions to strongly show
The sketching, iteration, and development of
current situation and a desirable situation. Table
six table tents and a book were further made and
tents having two sides was preferred so as to
following pages will take you to the journey of
communications as per requirements. Table tents
making of it.
will act as a offer showcase and a small book
which will work as menu card with more detailed
information about trees and its benefits in city.

70
Trails on forms of table Content iterations for table
tents and layouts tents

71
A tree is known from its leaves, flowers Two sides of the table tent cards
and fruits. Therefore, here leaves are was made as the first iteration for
used to show peepal tree. this concept

Peepal Tree

Exploration of placing a tree on

the tent card

72
Phase 2 output

Table tents used for creating awareness for Goal 11

Table Tent size: 22cm by 17.5cm

73
 0
PHASE
03
Prototyping
Editing
Testing
Refining
Brand Elements

76
77
Fonts given by client

South Asian Perspective for the New Urban Agenda

78
79
Content writing
Iteration 1

Content for table tents and book was written by me

and approved by Tapasya Thapa

PEEPAL TREE INDIAN BEECH

Peepal, Bridge the cracks,

Let’s create change! Let’s avoid drought

Peepal (Ficus religiosa) is most indigenous tree. Karanj ( Pongamia Pinnata ) is also called modern
day pesticide.
Why Peepal Tree?
Only native tree that releases oxygen 24 hrs, Why Karanj Tree?
providing best solution for reducing air pollution & It is drought resistant and also its seeds alternative
rising temperature. source for bio-diesel. Flowers provides excellent
fertilizer.
What are the Health Benefits?
It helps in curing Asthma, Heart Disorders, Infertility, What are the Health Benefits?
Healing wounds, Constipation to name the few. Very effective in curing skin diseases like eczema,
Itch, Wounds & worms, Diarrhea, arthritis, Diabetes
How can you grow this? to name few.
Can be easily grown with 2-3 m stem cutting.
How can you grow this?
NOTE: 66% vegetation of Bangalore city is reduced Can be easily grown by soaking seeds in water 24
in last 40 years. hrs before sowing.

Helps in reducing air pollution NOTE: 66% vegetation of Bangalore city is reduced
in last 40 years.

Helps in reducing soil erosion

80
CEYLON BOXWOOD NEEM TREE
Here’s an invite to a silent party.
Will you come?
Ceylon Boxwood (Psydrax dicoccos) is a traditional
tree of India.
Why Ceylon Boxwood Tree?
Its a small tree, and stays dense throughout the
year, which helps reduce noise pollution.
What are the Health Benefits?
Cured diarrhea and Fever.
How can you grow this?
Can be easily grown by direct sowing seeds.
NOTE: 66% vegetation of Bangalore city is reduced
in last 40 years.
Helps in reducing noise pollution
81
One Tree Pharmacy !
Known to be a sacred plant, neem tree (Azadirachta
Indica) is packed with number of medicinal benefits.
This is the reason, why every part of this plant
namely leaves, flowers and twig is used in the
preparation of Ayurvedic medicines. In ayurveda’s
neem tree is described as sarva roga.
Why Neem Tree?
Known as a wonder tree. A tree which helps solve
global climate problems. Dense round the year,
provides shades and lots of health benefits.
What are the Health Benefits?
Helps in reducing weight, Skin diseases, Prevents
oral problems, Aids Cancer Treatment, Acts as
Mosquito repellent, Treats Hepatitis, Treats head
lice, Relieves fungal infection, maintains blood sugar
levels, to name few.
How can you grow this?
Can be easily grown by soaking seeds in water 24
hrs before sowing.
It has highest medicinal value
Content writing

JAMUN TREE BANYAN TREE

Let’s burst the bubble,
Lakes are in trouble!
Jaman (Syzygium cumini) is a magical fruit tree.
Why Jamun Tree?
If grown near lakes, this tree will help to revive lakes
and its biodiversity.
What are the Health Benefits?
Most effective for diabetes, Urinary disorders,
minimizes risk of cancer, improves bowel
movements, liver problems, asthma, sore throat,
fatigue and strain, to name few.
Why carry an extra baggage?
Banyan Tree (Ficus Benghalensis) is a national tree
of India.
Why Banyan Tree?
Largely dense and provides shade which helps to
protect against Ultra-Violet rays. In fact, it is also
believed that Buddha achieved enlightenment while
sitting under a Banyan tree. There are various uses
of the Banyan tree.
From medicinal to recreational – there’s no part of
life in which this tree doesn’t aid humanity.

How can you grow this? What are the Health Benefits?
Can be easily grown by direct sowing seeds. Cures Infertility, Deafness, Asthma, Diabetes, Fever,
cold, Allergy, to name few.
NOTE: 66% vegetation of Bangalore city is reduced
in last 40 yearrs How can you grow this?
Can be easily grown with 2-3 m stem cutting.
Helps in Reviving Lakes
Protects against UV

82
CLUSTER FIG TREE
Help them build homes !
Cluster Fig (Ficus Racemosa) is a great favourite
with the environment, and the leaves are highly
nutritious source of food for livestock.
Why Cluster fig Tree?
The dense canopy provides shelter to birds, bats,
baboons and many more.
What are the Health Benefits?
Helps in Hemorrhage, pimples, boils, burn marks,
dysentry, Leucoderma, Chiken pox, piles, stomach
ache, Internal Bleeding, to name few.
How can you grow this?
Can be easily grown with 2-3 m stem cutting.
NOTE: 66% vegetation of Bangalore city is reduced
in last 40 years.
Helps in bringing Birds diversity
83
FLAME OF THE FOREST TREE
Magical Duster!
Flame of the forest tree (Butea Monosperma) is
believed to have
Why Flame of the forest Tree?
Grown in clusters, this tree helps absorbs dust
particles and helps to clean the air.
What are the Health Benefits?
Helps in kidney diseases, lower back pain,
tapeworms, night blindness, herpes, Infertility,
Arthritis, fracture, acne, Heavy Menstrual Bledding,
cough, tumour to name few.
How can you grow this?
Can be easily grown by direct sowing seeds.
Helps in reducing dust pollution
Content writing
IVORY WOOD TREE Iteration 2
Hive for bees!
Ivory wood tree (Wrightia Tinctoria) attract bees,
birds, butterflies and insects. Bees are responsible
for one out of every three bites of food we eat.
Why Ivory wood Tree?
This tree is indegenous tree that insanely
attract birds, bees and insects and help sustain
biodiversity.
What are the Health Benefits?
Helps in Diarrhea, High Blood Pressure, Ringworm,
Toothache, Psoriasis, Dandruff, Herpes to name few.
How can you grow this?
Can be easily grown by soaking seeds in wateer
overnight before sowing.
Helps in bees & insects pollination
84
LET’S CREATE PEEPAL CHANGE!
Did you know?
66% vegetation of Bengaluru city is reduced in 40
years
Peepal Tree (Ficus Religiosa) is only native tree that
releases oxygen 24 hours, providing best solution
for reducing air pollution and rising temperature.
ONE TREE PHARMACY !
Did you know?
36.5% of the Bengaluru population is
suffering from chronic asthma due to air pollution
Neem Tree (Azadirachta Indica) is curer of all ail-
ments. It is extremely useful in urban forestry as it
has remarkable ability to withstand air and water
pollution as well as heat.
AIR DOCTOR!
Did you know?
Bengaluru is ranked 2nd in the list of
cities with highest air pollution in India
Indian Beech Tree (Pongamia Pinnata)
is one tree which can produce second
generation bio-fuel crop. Growing this
tree can help reduce amount of air
pollution.
HELPS BIRDS BUILD HOMES! Content for front
illustrations
Did you know?
50% of the birds population has reduced in Ben-
galuru due to rising temperature

Cluster fig Tree (Ficus Racemosa) is a favourite with

the enviornment. The leaves are highly nutritious
source of food for livestock.

BEE’S ABODE!

Did you know?

Bee’s pollinate 80% of the food we eat

Ivorywood Tree (Wrightia Tinctoria) attracts

bees, birds, butterflies, and other insects
which helps to sustain biodiversity.

WE CO-EXIST !

Did you know?

Bengaluru has only 1 tree for every 7 per-
sons instead of 1 tree per person to live
healthy

Jamun Tree (Syzygium Cumini) is one of the

fast growing tree which can live for more
than 100 years. It can also be grown under
adverse climatic conditions

85
 PEEPAL
TREE
(Ficus Religiosa)

Table tent 1

Side 1

86
Visualization guidance was given
by Jayesh Sivan

Sketching of peepal tree and

further digitalizing it in Illustrator

87
Iteration 1

88
Iteration 2

89
Final Illustration
Tool used: Pen tool in
illustrator

90
 Typeface Exploration
Title: Quicksand
Body: Helvetica Condensed

Typeface Exploration
Title: Quicksand Bold
Body: Helvetica Condensed

91
Typeface exploration:
Quicksand

92
Final Table Tent
side 1

93
 Table tent 1
SIDE 2

Peepal tree helps reducing rising temperature.

Therefore, side 2 of the table tent card will have
an illustration showing rising temperature

94
Iteration 1
Using the two images , the idea
was to convey two opposite
situations

95
Iteration 2
Further developed to convey
with single image

96
Iteration 3
More elements were
experimented to convey rising
temperature like here the
thermometer is used

Iteration 4
Created to show rising
temperature with three
thermometer

97
Iteration 5
Location is used to show the
timeline to convey our journey
with temperature

98
Logo exploration

99
Final Table Tent 1
Side 2

100
 NEEM
TREE
(Azadirachta Indica)

Table tent 2

Side 1

101
After refering to the images of neem tree, for
the colours and details of the leafs and fruits
the sketch was made

102
 Iteration 1
The first layer. The
leaves and branches
wre developed further.
The color palette given
below was made after
studying real images

103
 Iteration 2
The second layer od
details were added to
make it look more real

104
 Final Illustration of Neem
Tool used: Pen tool in
illustrator

105
Typeface exploration
Quicksand

106
Final
Table Tent 2
side 1

107
 Table tent 2
SIDE 2

Neem tree helps is one tree that fights global

climatic problems and is considered most
important forest tree for the city with immese
health benefits.Therefore, side 2 of the table tent
card will have an illustration showing medical
benefits

108
 Iteration 1

Iteration 2

109
Layout and logo
exploration

110
Final
Table Tent 2
side 2

111
 JAMAN
TREE
(Syzygium cumini)

Table tent 3

Side 1

112
Sketching of Jamun Tree.
the leaves are thick and
large without thin lines in
between of leaves

113
Digital tracing of drawing
with brush tool in
illustrator

114
Iteration 1
Another style of illustrator
was explored

115
Iteration 2
Shifted to pen tool style
of illustrator

116
Final Illustration of jamun
Tool used: Pen tool in
illustrator

117
Final
Table Tent 3
side 1

118
Final
Table Tent 3
side 1

119
 Table tent 3
SIDE 2

Jamun tree helps in restoring ground water.

Therefore, taking water as an element the illustration
concept were explored.

120
 Iteration 1
Taking Bengaluru
problems of lakes,
first idea was to show
problems of lakes

Iteration 2
Explored different ways of
showing bangalore lakes
problems

121
 Iteration 3
As mentioned earlier, water being
the most important element and
also, life of human cannot exist
without oxygen which comes
from Trees.. The idea was to show
coexistence of humans and trees
and emphasizing towards the
interdependency of human on
trees.

122
Logo and layout information

123
Final
Table Tent 3
side 2

124
 CLUSTER FIG
TREE
(Ficus Racemosa)

Table tent 4

Side 1

125
Sketching of cluster
fig tree. This trees has
unique fruits attarched to
the bark.

126
Iteration 1
Using brush tool in
illustrator, differnt style
of illustration was
experimented.

127
Iteration 2
As the feel of the tree
was not visible so clearly
with earlier one, again the
idea to continue with pen
tool style of illutrator was
taken forward.

128
Iteration 2
More details were added
to not make it look flat

129
Iteration 3
Typeface iterations
Helvetica condensed

130
Type exploration
Quicksand

131
Final
Table Tent 4
side 1

132
 Table tent 4
SIDE 2

Like most trees are habitat for birds. This

tree helps as it is densed and and with fruits.
Reducing birds population was a concered needs
to be shown. The most dangerous place for birds
nest are electric poles and so this elements was
used to convey the message

133
134
135
 Iteration 1
Colourful birds were
shown fighting to make
place to sit

Iteration 2
Different species of birds

136
 Iteration 3
Night traveling of birds

Iteration 4
The earlier versions
looked as the birds are
just roaming here and
there, as casual fly. So
another with focused on
nest on pole was tried

137
 Iteration 5
The background and text
layout was tried here

Iteration 6
Sky was reduced as
only show a graphical
representation of sky

138
Logo and layout
exploration

139
Final
Table Tent 4
side 2

140
 INDIAN BEECH
TREE
(Pongamia Pinnata)

Table tent 5

Side 1

141
Sketching of Indian
Beech tree

142
Digital tracing of sketch
of indian beech with
brush tool in illustrator

143
Iteration 1
Using brush tool in
illustrator, differnt style
of illustration was
experimented.

144
Iteration 2
Shifted to pen tool style
of illustrator

145
Iteration 3
The colour palette was
tried to make it more
realistic

146
Iteration 4
More details were added
to show the depth

147
Iteration 5
Typefaces were explored

148
Iteration 6
Typefaces were explored

149
Iteration 7
Typefaces were explored

150
Final
Table Tent 5
side 1

151
 Table tent 5
SIDE 2

All trees helps purify air, Bangalore has a lot of

problem of asthma and traffic has worsen the
scenario. These elements were taken to convey the
message

152
Iteration 1
Decreasing trees and
rising problems of
asthmas was tried to
convey

153
 What goes into air, goes into you,
#PurifyAir, Plant Trees
South Asian Perspective for the New Urban Agenda

Iteration 2
Car smoke and used and
with negative space the
skeleton was created

154
Iteration 3
Dust texture was added

155
Logo exploration

156
Final
Table Tent 5
side 2

157
 IVORYWOOD
TREE
(Wrightia Tinctoria)

Table tent 6

Side 1

158
 Sketching and
digital trace of
ivory wood tree

159
Iteration 1
Using brush tool in
illustrator, differnt style
of illustration was
experimented.

160
Iteration 2
Shifted to pen tool style
of illustrator

161
Iteration 3
Details of leaf were added
to show depth

162
Typeface exploration
Quick Sand

163
Final
Table Tent 6
side 1

164
 Table tent 6
SIDE 2

Bees pollination is impotant and trees help

revive that. Ivorywood tree is very effiicient in
increasing bees pollution and that was the idea
to communicate

165
166
 Iteration 2
Typography used to show
message

167
Iteration 3
Poster showing dead
bees and no food for
human if bees die

168
Logo exploration

169
Final
Table Tent 6
side 2

170
BOOK DESIGN

171
Book Design

This small book which can be read in 5 mins and will

be available on the table or at the counters along with
table tents to give information about the campaign,
and all the trees information at one place.

The same illustrations of trees as given in table

tents are used with little variation and the content is
elaborative as given in the page of content writing
above. Following pages will take show you the
layout of text and image used in the book.

Book size: A5

To maintain it handy and in sync with size of the

table tents.

172
Few iterations of book design

173
174
 UN HABITAT

A vision for cities has never been more important than it is today. More than
half of the world’s inhabitants live in cities and this migration trend is expected to
continue. By 2030, India alone is expected to double the number of city dwellers by
adding 404 million new people to cities over the next 35 years.

UN-Habitat is the United Nations programme working towards a better urban

future. Its mission is to promote socially and environmentally sustainable human
settlements development and the achievement of adequate shelter for all under
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), officially known as transforming our world:
the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development are an intergovernmental set of
aspiration Goals. Visualising sustainable cities under Goal 11 focuses on making
cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.

Introduction to
client’s page
typeface
exploration

175
 UN HABITAT
A vision for cities has never been more important than it is today. More than
half of the world’s inhabitants live in cities and this migration trend is expected
to continue. By 2030, India alone is expected to double the number of
city dwellers by adding 404 million new people to cities over the next 35
years.

UN-Habitat is the United Nations programme working towards a better urban

future. Its mission is to promote socially and environmentally sustainable
human settlements development and the achievement of adequate shelter
for all under Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), officially known as
transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development are
an intergovernmental set of aspiration Goals. Visualising sustainable cities
under Goal 11 focuses on making cities and human settlements inclusive,
safe, resilient and sustainable.

First Page

176
 INTRODUCTION
As cities grow, people engage with it and influence their future in different ways.
But are we changing for a better future? Cities are becoming bigger and bigger
at the expense of trees that are abound in that area. Bengaluru once known as
‘Garden City’ of India is losing its green cover at a very fast pace. The consequences
are evident; diseases are on rise, anxiety is on the ascendance, discontent is
brewing at home and in work. Life is losing its meaning.

The cure of this malady can be made by changing our attitude towards nature.
A town or a city with trees raising their heads around and within can heal the
wounds left on a man’s soul by technical misadventures. The presence of trees in
our immediate vicinity will have a salutary effect on the human psyche.

This book illustrates six different native trees of India that can be easily grown
and maintained in Bengaluru which has immense health as well as environmental
benefits.

Type Exploration

177
 INTRODUCTION
As cities grow, people engage with it and influence their future in different
ways. But are we changing for a better future? Cities are becoming bigger
and bigger at the expense of trees that are abound in that area. Bengaluru
once known as ‘Garden City’ of India is losing its green cover at a very fast
pace. The consequences are evident; diseases are on rise, anxiety is on the
ascendance, discontent is brewing at home and in work.

The cure of this malady can be made by changing our attitude towards
nature. A town or a city with trees raising their heads around and within
can heal the wounds left on a man’s soul by technical misadventures. The
presence of trees in our immediate vicinity will have a salutary effect on the
human psyche.

This book illustrates six different native trees of India that can be easily
grown and maintained in Bengaluru which has immense health as well as
environmental benefits.

Page 2

178
Typeface Exploration 1

Typeface used: Accius

179
Typeface Exploration 2

Typeface used: Helvetica regular

180
Typeface Exploration 3

Typeface used: Helvetica Condensed

181
Typeface Exploration 4

Typeface used: Quicksand

182
Book Pages

Type exploration
Quicksand

183
 FINAL PAGE 1

184
 Type exploration
Quicksand

185
FINAL PAGE 2

186
Type exploration
Quicksand

187
FINAL PAGE 3

188
Type exploration
Quicksand

189
FINAL PAGE 4

190
Type exploration
Quicksand

191
FINAL PAGE 5

192
Type exploration
Quicksand

193
FINAL PAGE 6

194
 THE VALUE OF A TREE
A tree that lives for 50 years,

Generates Rs 5.3 lakhs worth of oxygen,

Recycles Rs 6.4 lakhs worth of fertility and soil erosion control, creates
Rs 10.5 lakhs worth of air polltion control, and Rs 5.3 lakhs worth of
shelther for birds and animals. Besides it provides flowers, fruits, food,
oils, fiber, fragrance, and timber.

So, when even one tree falls or is felled, the city loses something worth
more than Rs 32 lakhs.

Source: Arboriculture and Lanscaping, Hemmige Mohan

Last Page

195
TESTING

196
 Test Prints 1

197
The first test prints were taken in
college but the professional first
print was taken at KolorKode,
Bangalore

Papers of different Gsm was

explored to test the font size,
Readability, layout, colours, to
understand the cutting, bleed and
various other things which needs
to be taken care of before and
after printing.

198
Table tent 1 350 Matt Test Prints 2

Table tent 2 300 Gsm (Textured

paper)

Book Center Pinning 160 Gsm

Validation by few people to

understand the concept and
communication of the product

199
200
Test Prints 3

201
FINAL OUTPUT

202
203
Learnings

This project have broaden my vision and made me more empathetic towards
enviornmental problems that our planet is going through. I can certainly say that I
think about sustanibility first in my everyday life now.

As a visual designer, I learnt how to convert reasearch based data or information

into compressed and easily understanable form. Not always data has be on the
large format infographs.

The purpose of a client’s brief and meeting their expectation, alongwith working with
constraints helped me understand how design projects are done.
Acknowledgement

I would like to thank everyone who supported me during this project — the many
faculties at Srishti Institute of Art, Design & Technology, peers, friends and family
who showed great support with continuous feedback and critics which helped me
refine my piece of work.

Thank you Jyoti Hosagrahar for bringing this project to us. Yamini Temujin and
Rustam Vania for patience, determination and supporting me. Anupama Arun to
help me understand the importance of details. Mr Vijay Thiruvadi and Mr. Sharath
Babu who helped me to understand the trees of Bangalore. Jayesh Sivan for helping
in visualisation. And a final and big thanks to Lakshmi Murthy who never got tired of
my questions, requests and enquiries and supporting me throughout.
Bibliography
https://www.americanforests.org/discover-forests/
tree-facts/
http://www.treesaregood.org/funfacts.aspx#wildlife
http://www.fuf.net/benefits-of-urban-greening/
https://in.pinterest.com/pin/139048707216669401/
http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/
bengaluru/Bangalore-losing-10000-trees-every-
year/2013/06/23/article1648681.ece
http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/
bengaluru/66-Percent-Green-Cover-Lost-in-40-
Years-Study/2014/05/09/article2214383.ece
http://epaper.dnaindia.com/story.
aspx?id=20488&boxid=31119&ed_date=2014-05-
09&ed_code=860009&ed_page=3
http://www.dnaindia.com/locality/bangalore-south/
loss-tree-cover-responsible-rising-temperature-
city-35481
http://www.livemint.com/Politics/
RJ1Gt5Q1JkPXaMQSBhvPyL/Karnataka-
population-growth-slows-Bangalore-gets-more-
crowd.html
https://www.treepeople.org/resources/tree-benefits
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/15/
magazine/15green.t.html
http://static.esgindia.org/campaigns/Tree%20felling/
current/Tree%20Act.html
http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-plant-
saplings-but-wisely-says-karnataka-transport-
minister-on-world-environment-day-2092711
(Govt plea)
http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/blogs/deepa-s-
jottings/blog_posts/what-to-do-when-you-see-a-
tree-being-cut-by-vinay-sreenivasa
http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/cleaning-up-the-
mess/1/416069.html (Change maker)
http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/articles/your-
guide-to-tree-planting-this-season
http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/articles/your-
guide-to-tree-planting-this-season
http://static.esgindia.org/campaigns/Tree%20felling/
action.html
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/
tp-karnataka/online-system-for-treefelling-filing-
objections-soon/article5958178.ece
http://www.esgindia.org/campaigns/campaign-
against-illegal-tree-felling-ba.html
http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/Gardennotes/635.
html
Books Reference
Common Dryland Trees of Karantaka by atree
organisaton
E-book on vibrant cities and urban forestry
261500170-Pathways-to-Green-Cities-Volume-II
 Diploma Project Documentation
PGDP- Bridge (VCSB)
2015-2016

South Asian Perspective for the New Urban Agenda