ACKNOWLEDGMENT

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អត្ថ បទសង្ខេ ប

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RESUME

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ABSTARCT

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ABBREVATIONS AND SYMBOLS

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NOMENCLATURE

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Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...........................................................................................................................................i

អត្ថ បទសង្ខេ ប ...................................................................................................................................ii

RESUME ............................................................................................................................................................. iii
ABSTARCT .......................................................................................................................................................... iv
ABBREVATIONS AND SYMBOLS .......................................................................................................................... v
NOMENCLATURE ............................................................................................................................................... vi
1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 10
1.1 School .............................................................................................................................................. 10
1.2 Company .......................................................................................................................................... 10
1.3 Project description .......................................................................................................................... 10
2 LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1 Pressurized stair case ...................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.1 Components ............................................................................................................................ 11
2.1.2 Operation................................................................................................................................. 11
2.1.3 Class A, B, C, D &E (Standard BS 5588) .................................................................................... 11
2.2 Smoke Spill....................................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.1 Component .............................................................................................................................. 11
2.2.2 Operation................................................................................................................................. 11
3 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Manual calculation .......................................................................................................................... 11
3.1.1 Condition of different pressure ............................................................................................... 11
3.1.2 Flow to select fan..................................................................................................................... 12
3.1.3 Pressure static ......................................................................................................................... 12
3.1.4 Height limit .............................................................................................................................. 12
3.2 Calculation by class system (Standard BS 5588).............................................................................. 12
3.2.1 Select class of building ............................................................................................................ 12
3.2.2 Flow to select fan..................................................................................................................... 12
3.2.3 Pressure static .......................................................................................................................... 13
4 RESULT AND SELECTION .......................................................................................................................... 13
4.1 Comparison manual method with calculation by class (Standard BS 5588) ................................... 13
4.2 Duct sizing........................................................................................................................................ 13
4.3 Grill selection ................................................................................................................................... 13
4.4 Fan selection .................................................................................................................................... 13
5 Accessory and control system ................................................................................................................. 13
5.1 Pressure relief damper .................................................................................................................... 13

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 5.2 Motorize volume damper ................................................................................................................ 13
5.3 Smoke detector ............................................................................................................................... 14
5.4 Wired mesh ..................................................................................................................................... 14
5.5 Control system (SMAY product) ...................................................................................................... 14
5.6 Electrical control panel .................................................................................................................... 14
6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 14

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 Topic: Smoke Control by Pressurized (SOTHEAROS)

I. INTRODUCTION
1. School
2. Company
3. Project description
In Cambodia in the last 10 years, there has been significant economic growth. Present of high building was
rise faster especially capital city Phnom Penh. Thus building are: offices, supermarkets, club, …………

II. PRESSURIZED STAIR CASSE

CO2

250-350ppm Normal background concentration in outdoor ambient air

3501,000ppm Concentrations typical of occupied indoor spaces with good air exchange
1,000-2,000ppm Complaints of drowsiness and poor air.
Headaches, sleepiness and stagnant, stale, stuffy air. Poor concentration,
2,000-5,000 ppm
loss of attention, increased heart rate and slight nausea may also be present.
5,000 Workplace exposure limit (as 8-hour TWA) in most jurisdictions.
Exposure may lead to serious oxygen deprivation resulting in permanent
>40,000 ppm
brain damage, coma, even death.
CO

9 ppm CO Max prolonged exposure (ASHRAE standard)

35 ppm CO Max exposure for 8 hour work day (OSHA)
800 ppm CO Death within 2 to 3 hours
12,800 ppm CO Death within 1 to 3 minutes

1. Pressurized stair case

Stairshafts, which are the principal means of escape during a building fire, must be maintained tenable while
occupants are leaving the building. One means of preventing smoke from entering a stairshaft is by pressurizing
the stairshaft with outside air using a supply air fan. Designing such a system to maintain a required level of
pressurization is straightforward if all stair doors are assumed to be closed. However, during evacuation, stair

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doors are opened, resulting in intermittent losses of effective pressurization and allowing smoke to enter the
stairshaft. On the other hand, supplying air in sufficient quantities to cope with open-door situations can result
in overpressurization of the stairshaft when all doors are closed, thus making door opening difficult. To prevent
such overpressure, stairshaft pressurization systems usually are designed with relief openings (exit door relief,
barometric damper) or variable-supply air systems with feedback control (fan bypass, variable-pitch blade fan,
variable-speed fan).

A. Components
 Fan
There are two primary varieties of fan, axial fan and centrifugal fan. The both are used in different operation.

 Stairwell
 Grill

B. Operation
C. Class A, B, C, D &E (Standard BS 5588)
System Class Area of use Requirement of System

2. Smoke Spill
A. Component
B. Operation
III. METHODOLOGY
1. Manual calculation
A. Condition of different pressure
For pressurized stair case we use pressure difference for protect human during leaving by escape. Reality
between corridor and escape have a door connect with door closer, so pressure differential selection is every
important. If we choose lower can`t protect smoke but if choose bigger make us difficult for open the door
so we need to think about:
 Open force or human force (<100N)
 Door closer force

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∑ M/O = 0
w w
(w − d)F + P1A = P2A + (w − d)Fcd
2 2
w w
2 P2 A − 2 P1 A + (w − d)Fcd
F=
w−d
wA∆P
F = Fcd +
2(w − d)
F−Fcd
∆P = 2 (w − d)
wA

B. Flow to select fan

C. Pressure static
D. Height limit
2. Calculation by class system (Standard BS 5588)
Design pressurization based on the British Standard- BS 5588 part 4:1998 should to follow below steps:
 Select class of building
 Calculate air quantity to maintain the pressurization
 Adding 50% to the result air quantity (recommend in the code of practice) for leaking pressurized
space and ducting
 Calculate air quantity through the open door
 Total quantity air flow
 Determine area of pressure relief
 Determine area of exhaust vent from fire floor or area of air/smoke relief.
A. Select class of building
Class selection
B. Flow to select fan
The air quantity required to maintain the stair case can be calculate by orifice flow:
Q = 0.83 AE ∆P0.5
Where Q = Volume air flow required
AE = Effective leaking area

This will deal with the known leakage from the pressurized space. The unknown leakages are allowed for by
adding 50% - recommended in the Code of Practice - to the resulting air quantity. Hence Equation 4 becomes:-
Q = 0.83 AE ∆P0.5x 1.50

There are two pressure criterion specified in BS5588: Part 4: 1998

All Doors Closed - 50Pa
Certain Doors Open - 10Pa

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 Hence to make this equation work we need to establish AE - the effective leakage area from the
pressurized space. There are three possible open/door configurations.
A. For single openings
AE = A1
B. For several openings in parallel
AE = A1 + A2 + A3 + A4
C. For several openings in series
0.5
1 1 1 1
𝐴𝐸 = [ 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 ]
𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3 𝐴𝑛

These open/door configurations are discussed in more detail in WTP41

C. Pressure static
IV. CALCULATION
1. BUILDING DATA
 High-rise building 30floors,
 have 2 zone (A and B)
 stair case with left lobby
 stair case`s use single door( 2.2x0.95m)
 left lobby use single door(2.2x0.95m)

2. MANUAL CALCULATION
3. STANDARD BS 5588 CALCUATION
The quantity of air required Q = 0.83 AE ∆P0.5

= 0.83x

V. RESULT AND SELECTION

1. Comparison manual method with calculation by class (Standard BS 5588)
2. Duct sizing
3. Grill selection
4. Fan selection
VI. Accessory and control system
6.1 Pressure relief damper
Pressure relief dampers are air dampers with an adjustable start-open pressure. ... This damper is generally
used as a safety or controlling device. For example, mounting this damper on a duct section would relieve
unexpected overpressure or relieve negative pressure downstream of a rapidly closing fire damper.
6.2 Motorize volume damper
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 6.3 Smoke detector
6.4 Wired mesh
6.5 Control system (SMAY product)
6.6 Electrical control panel
VII. Conclusion

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