SCIENCE

1. Characteristics of living things

a. They are born, they grow, reproduce and die.
2. Living things need:
a. Food, water, air, sunlight, shelter (some).
3. Habitats:
a. Desert: a very dry place that gets only a small amount of rain. It is very hot during the day and
cool at night. In this habitat there is food, sunlight and air but there is not much water. Plants
and animals that live here, must be able to survive with just a small amount of water.
i. Animals and plants: many dessert animals get their water from the plants they eat.
Others get it from the animals they eat or from the dew on top of plants or rocks that
collects during the night. Some animals rest in shady places during the day, some live
underground. Examples of animals: camels, snakes, lizards, rabbits, turtles and owls.
b. Swamp: wetlands that have a muddy ground and a constant supply of water. They have many
thick, bushy trees and other plants. It is dark and quiet under the trees. This habitat is warm
and humid because of the water in the air.
i. Animals and plants: there are many insects, birds and reptiles live in swamps. For
example: turtles, alligators, snakes.
c. Oceans: is a very large body of salty water that covers most part of the Earth. This is home to
many plants and animals. Sometimes, oceans can be a very cold place to live.
i. Animals and plants
1. Whale: is a mammal. They breathe with their lungs.
2. Shark: is a fish. They have gills instead of lungs to breathe with.
4. Earth’s layers:
a. Crust: the first layer of Earth, made of rock and soil. The thinnest of the four layers. It is the part
where animals, plants and humans live.
b. Mantle: it is under the crust. It is made out of rocks and metal. Some rocks are so hot they
become liquid.
c. Core: it is under the mantle. It has two parts: outer core and inner core. Outer core is so hot
that the rocks and metal there are in liquid form. The inner core is the hottest layer and is solid.
5. Resources:
a. Renewable: are those that can be replaced by a natural process when given time. For example:
soil, water, forest, plants and animals. This are renewable resources as long as they are used
wisely.
b. Nonrenewable: Is something that cannot be made by nature again. It is likely to run lout if is not
used properly. It cannot be re-created, regrown or reused again. Some examples: fossil fuels,
petroleum, natural gas, coal. They take millions of years to form naturally.
6. Volcanos:
a. A volcano is a natural formation with an opening in the Earth’s crust from which lava, gases,
rock fragments and ashes can erupt.
b. A volcano is formed when liquid rock called magma is forced up from deep inside the Earth’s
core through cracks in the crust. When magma bursts out of the top of the volcano, it is called
lava.
7. The water
a. The planet Earth is covered in about 70% water. Water comes from different bodies of water
such as oceans, rivers and lakes. Only a very small amount of water on Earth is safe to drink.
Water can be found in three forms: liquid, solid and gas.
b. Water cycle:
8. Reduce, reuse and recycle
i. Reduce: reduce the amount of products that you use. For example: use old clothes or
towels instead of paper.
ii. Reuse: to finds ways to reuse materials that we would normally throw away as garbage
like plastic bags and cardboard.
iii. Recycle: to collect, reprocess and use material over again to make the same or similar
product.