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 Calculation Sheet

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FOR ETHYLENE LOADING LINE (INSULATED WITH POLYURETHANE FOAM (PUF))

Basis: Unit length of pipe

PIPE SIZE Notes:
PIPESIZE Symbol Unit 0.5" 0.75" 1" 1.5" 2" 3" 4" 6" 8" 10" 12" 1 To account for Solar
Pipe Schedule 40S 40S 10S 10S 10S 10S 10S 10S 10S 10S 10S Radiation, Ts is taken as
PIPE OD D1 mm 21.336 26.67 33.401 48.26 60.325 88.9 114.3 168.275 219.075 273.05 323.85 50 oC
PIPE ID D0 mm 15.7988 20.9296 27.8638 42.7228 54.7878 82.804 108.204 161.468 211.557 264.668 314.706
Wall thickness Xp mm 2.7686 2.8702 3.3782 3.683 3.9116 3.048 3.048 3.4036 3.7592 4.191 4.572 2. To meet design heat
Thermal Conductivity (SS304L) Kp W/m.K 13.74 13.74 13.74 13.74 13.74 13.74 13.74 13.74 13.74 13.74 13.74 flux of 25 W/m2, insulation
INSULATION thickness needs to be
Material PUF PUF PUF PUF PUF PUF PUF PUF PUF PUF PUF increased to 100 mm from
Thickness Xi mm 75 75 75 100 100 100 100 130 130 130 130 1.5" to 4" and to 130 mm
Thermal Conductivity (PUF) Ki W/m.K 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 from 6" to 12".
OD of insulation D2 mm 171.34 176.67 183.40 248.26 260.33 288.90 314.30 428.28 479.08 533.05 583.85
HEAT INGRESS CALCULATION
Ambient design temp Tamb ºC 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0
Bulk ethylene fluid temp. To ºC -103.0 -103.0 -103.0 -103.0 -103.0 -103.0 -103.0 -103.0 -103.0 -103.0 -103.0
Surface Temp Ts ºC 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0
Temp difference ΔT ºC 153.0 153.0 153.0 153.0 153.0 153.0 153.0 153.0 153.0 153.0 153.0
Convective heat transf coeff (air) ha W/m².K 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Conductivity of insulation Ki/Xi W/m².K 0.3333 0.3333 0.3333 0.2500 0.2500 0.2500 0.2500 0.1923 0.1923 0.1923 0.1923
Conductivity of pipeline Kp/Xp W/m².K 4963 4787 4067 3731 3513 4508 4508 4037 3655 3278 3005
Convective heat transf coeff (fluid) hi W/m².K 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00
Resistance due to air conv 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.07
Resistance due to ins cond 13.26 12.04 10.84 10.43 9.31 7.50 6.44 5.95 4.98 4.26 3.75
Resistance due to pipe cond 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Resistance due to fluid conv 1.01 0.76 0.57 0.37 0.29 0.19 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.05
Total resistance due to heat 14.27 12.80 11.42 10.80 9.60 7.70 6.59 6.05 5.06 4.32 3.80
Heat flux q W/m² 19.91 21.54 23.26 18.16 19.49 21.90 23.52 18.81 20.10 21.15 21.93
Overall heat transfer coeff U W/m².K 0.242 0.254 0.264 0.152 0.156 0.158 0.156 0.091 0.087 0.083 0.078
External surface area As m² 0.538 0.555 0.576 0.780 0.818 0.908 0.987 1.345 1.505 1.675 1.834
Q value based on overall Us W/m 19.91 21.54 23.26 18.16 19.49 21.90 23.52 18.81 20.10 21.15 21.93

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 Theoretical Background
Tamb,4 , h4
Tbulk,1 , h1

Tbulk,1 , h1

Tamb,4 , h4
Tbulk,1

Tamb,4

Tbulk,1 Tamb,4

Heat transfer rate is expressed as: temperature driving force

T bulk, 1−T amb, 4

qr=
1 ln( r 1 / r 2 ) ln ( r 3 / r 2 ) ln( r 4 / r 3 ) 1
+ + + +
2 πr 1 Lh1 2 πk A L 2 πk B L 2 πk C L 2 πr 4 Lh4

internal convection term heat conduction terms external convection term

Nomenclature:
qr heat transfer rate through the pipe (in W) h convective heat transfer coefficient (in W/m².K)
r radius (in mm) T temperature (in °C)
k thermal conductivity (in W/m.K)
L length of pipe

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 INSTRUCTIONS:

1 Yellow boxes indicate input data is required. Calculation results will not be displayed correctly if
data or incorrect data is filled into these boxes.

2 Blue boxes indicate calculation outputs. There are 2 forms of output arising from the calculation,
depending on the type of calculation performed.
[1] Determination of insulation thickness. The maximum heat influx allowed must be set as a constraint
to determine the thickness of insulation needed.
[2] Heat flux into the pipe given an insulation thickness. The amount of heat flux per unit length of
pipe can be determined.

3 *Save* this worksheet often. This cannot be emphasized more than enough.

4 Input data must be keyed into the boxes are listed below. Appropriate references are given below.
**CAUTION** - Please use values of ambient conditions with care and seek professional help if in doubt.

REFERENCES:

Air properties can be obtained from

[1] Sloanne, B.A. (1992) 'Maximise your energy savings with proper insulation size'
Hydrocarbon Processing. October.

[2] Bront, B. (1995) 'Spreadsheets for heat loss rates and temperatures'.
Chemical Engineering. December.

Further reading:

[1] Incropera. (2002) 'Fundamentals of Heat and Mass transfer' 5th Ed.

[2] Welty, Wicks, Wilson, Rorrer. (2003) 'Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer'
4th Ed.

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 Calculation Sheet

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Calculation of convective heat transfer coefficient for pipe fluid

Fluid Name Ambient Temperature 0 °C

Fluid Type

For turbulent flow in smooth pipes, the Dittus-Boelter equation holds:

NuD = 0.023× Re0.8 Prn
where n = 0.4 for heating (Ts > Tm) and n = 0.3 for cooling (Ts < Tm)

Fluid Properties Input

Property Symbol Data Input Units Useful conversions
Density ρ kg/m³ 1 kg/m³ = 1000 g/cm³ = 0.062428 lb/ft³
Heat Capacity k W/m.K 1 W/m.K = 0.577789 Btu/ft.h.°F
Dynamic Viscosity μ Pa.s 1 Pa.s = 1000 cP
Volumetric Flowrate F m³/s
Temperature T °C 1°C = 33.8°F

Pipe Properties Input

Property Symbol Data Input Units Useful conversions
Pipe ID Do mm 1 inch = 25.4 mm

Calculation Results
Variable Symbol Data Output Remarks
Flow velocity V m/s
Reynolds Number Re For fluid flow in pipe, if Re > 2000, flow is turbulent.
Prandtl Number Pr
n value
Flow regime in pipe Laminar Dittus-Boelter correlation cannot be used, use Nu = 3.66

Nusselt number Nu
Heat transf coeff hi W/m².K

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