AutoCAD Lab Manual PDF

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, ARTCHITECTURE & BUILT
ENVIRONMENT
COMPUTER-AIDED-DRAFTING MANUAL
EM101/EE202/EA102
ENGINEERING GRAPHICS &DESIGN / ENGINEERING DESIGN
Lecturer/Instructor: _________________________________________
Name: __________________________________________________
Student ID: ______________________________________________
Course: _________________________________________________
September 2016
EM101/EA102/EE202 | Engineering Graphics and Design
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 General Instructions 2
2 Laboratory Protocols 2
3 Lab Experiments
LESSON 1 Startup 3
LESSON 2 Drawing Commands 5
LESSON 3 Modify Commands 1 8
LESSON 6 Dimensioning 17
LESSON 7 Orthographic Projections 19
LESSON 8 Solid Modeling 22
LESSON 9 Sectional Views 29
Updated Sep 2016 1|P age

1 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
The lesson in this manual are designed to provide the students some fundamental concepts in
computer-aided drafting.Students are required to practice the exercises as designed in the
manual. All exercises are to be complete within the allotted time.
2 LABORATORY PROTOCOLS
Students are required to comply with the following rules when in the lab.
1. Swapping of lab session is strictly not allowed. Work done in other than the registered lab
session will be graded zero (0).
2. Always be punctual. Students later than 15 minutes are not allowed to enter the lab.
3. All hand phones must be switched off. (Lecturer/instructor reserves the right not to allow
students who do not follow this rule to enter the lab).
4. Eating and drinking in the lab are strictly prohibited.
5. Always follow the instruction of the lab instructor or lecturer before the start of the lab.
6. Clean the working area and return all benches to their respective places before you leave
the lab.
7. All class work must be completed and submit within the allotted time. Any late
submission will be graded zero.

LESSON 1 – STARTUP
Objective
This topic introduces the fundamentals in starting up of AutoCAD.
Learning Outcome
The student is able to begin drawing with AutoCAD and create new layer (lines).
Introduction
Design and drafting activities can be accomplished by using a computer, and hence it is refer
as Computer-Aided Design (CAD). AutoCAD and SolidWork are common CAD software
package used to create designs and generate drawings for documentations. It has better
accuracy, productivity and the ability to share CAD file with other software programs.
Starting AutoCAD
To start drawing by AutoCAD, the student must be able to identify the:
1. Graphics Area
The large central area of the screen is the graphics area. It displays the lines, circles
and other objects you draw that will make up the drawing.
2. Command Line
Any command that is entered or any prompt that AUTOCAD issues appear here. It
gives the current state of drawing activity.
3. Toolbars
AutoCAD provides a variety of toolbars. It contains a number of icons that can be
picked to invoke commands for drawing or editing objects (Lines, arcs, circle, and
etc.)
4. Pull-down Menu
It is at the top of the screen just under the title bar. Selecting any of the words in the
menu bar activates, or pulls down, the respective menu
5. Screen (side) Menu
Screen menu can be made appear by selecting Options… from tools pull-down menu.
Display background color can be changed from here

6. Status Bar
Status bar is a set of informative words or symbols that give the status of the drawing
aids. It appears at the very bottom of the screen. The drawing aids can be toggled on
or off by single clicking (pressing the left mouse button once)
Command Entry
There are few possible methods for entering commands in AUTOCAD:-
1. Toolbars
2. Pull-down menu
3. Keyboard
Function Keys
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12
Flip Osnap Osnap
Help Tablet Isoplane Coords Grid Ortho Snap Polar DYN
screen Toggle Tracking
Working with Files

Same as Microsoft Window
Units
You can choose either metric (mm) or Imperial unit(British unit) to start your drawing.
Unit can be changed by selecting Units… from the Format pull-down menu.
Drafting Setting – Object Snap

Object snap can be activated by selecting Drafting Setting from Tool pull-down menu.
You can activateor deactivateobject snap modefrom there.
Create New Layer

 Click layer properties manager
 Click new layer or Alt-N
 Click color ,choose the required color) , press OK
 Click line type, press LOAD, choose required line’s type, click OK

LESSON 2 – DRAWING COMMANDS
Objective
This topic enables the student to learn the basic drawing commands (line, rectangle, polygon,
erase, circle, ellipse, arc)
Learning Outcome
The student is able to draw by using line, rectangle, polygon, erase, circle, ellipse, arc
commands
Coordinate Entry
There are many ways to specify the coordinates (tell AutoCAD the location of points) when
you draw or edit objects. There are two coordinates’ formats: Cartesian format and polar
format. The Cartesian format specifies x and y (e.g. 3, 7), while the polar format indicates the
distance and angle (e.g. 6 45).The coordinates types are absolute coordinates (3, 7 or 6 
45) and relative coordinates (@3, 7 or @6  45). Absolute coordinates are typically used to
specify the “first point” of a line or other object while relative coordinates are typically used
for the “next point”.
Drawing Commands – line, rectangle, polygon, erase, circle, ellipse, arc
Line
 Select the line icon or type “line” 70
 Type“10, 10”, click enter
 Type “@ 70  0”, click enter 50
 Type “@ 50  90”, click enter
 Type “@ 70  180”, click enter 10, 10
 Type “c” (close), click enter
Erase
 Select the erase icon or type “erase”
 Click the unwanted object and click enter

Circle
Below are methods in drawing circle:
1. Center radius
 Select the circle icon or type “circle”
 Select center point
 Type “50” (radius = 50)
2. Center diameter
 Type “D” (D = diameter)
 Type “100” (diameter = 100)
1st point
2nd point
3. 2 points
 Draw 2 lines as shown
 Select “2p” 50
 Select first point (as shown in figure)

 Select second point (as shown in figure) 30
Ellipse First point

 Draw the figure as shown
 Select the ellipse icon or type “ellipse”
Second
 Type “c” (center point) point
 Select first point 30
 Select second point
80
Arc
 Draw the figure as shown
 Select the arc icon or type “arc” First End
point
 Type “c” (center point) point
 Select starting point of the arc 30
 Select end point of the arc

80

Exercise

LESSON 3 –MODIFY COMMANDS 1
Objective
This topic enables the student to learn the basic modifying command (move, copy, offset,
array, rotate, mirror)
Learning Outcome
The student is able to draw and modify using move, copy, offset, array, rotate, mirror
commands
Drawing Commands – move, copy, offset, array, rotate, mirror
Move
 Draw a rectangle (60 × 30)
 Click the move icon or type “move”
 Select the rectangle (4 boundaries) and click enter
 Click the lower left edge (point to hold)
 Move the rectangle to new location

Copy
 Click the copy icon or type “copy”
 Select the rectangle (4 boundaries) and click enter
 Click the lower left edge (point to hold)
 Drag the rectangle to new location
Offset
Offset line
 Draw a line (length = 50)
 Click the offset icon or type “offset”
10
 Type “10” (distance to offset)
50
 Select the line Source
 Click side to offset

Array
There are two types of array:
1. Rectangular array
 Select the array icon or type “array”
 Select/Click the rectangle drawn (object) and click enter
 Type “2” (number of row) and “4” (number of column)
 Type “100” (row offset distance) and “150” (column offset distance)
 Click enter
150
100
Row (2)
Column (4)
2. Polar array
 Draw a circle (diameter 15)
 Select the array icon or type “array”
 Select/Click the circle (object) 30
 Select polar method
 Select “Total number of item & angle to fill”
 Type “8” (total number of item)
 Type “360” (angle to fill column)
 Click enter Center point
Rotate
 Draw a rectangle
 Select the rotate icon or type “rotate”
 Select the rectangle drawn (object) and click enter
 Select base point (lower left edge)
 Type “25” (rotation angle)

Mirror
 Draw the Figure shown
First mirror
80
point
Mirror line
40
Second
10, 10
mirror point
 Click the mirror icon or type “mirror”
 Select the rectangle and press enter
 Select first mirror point and then the second mirror point 
 Type “N” to keep the source object and “Y” if want to erase source object
Exercise
R73
Updated Sep 2016 10 | P a g e


Objective
This topic enables the student to learn more modifying command (construction line, trim,
extend, fillet, chamfer)
Learning Outcome
The student is able to draw and modify using construction line, trim, extend, fillet, chamfer
commands
Drawing Commands – construction line, trim, extend, fillet, chamfer
Construction Line
 Select the construction line icon
 Type “a”
 Type “20” (angle = 20)
 Select any location to locate the line
Trim
 Draw horizontal and vertical line
Before After
 Select the trim icon or type “trim”

 Select the horizontal line (trim boundary)
 Click enter
 Select the unwanted line

Extend
 Draw 2 lines
 Select the extend icon or type “extend”
 Click vertical line (extend boundary)
 Click enter
 Click horizontal line
Fillet
70
 Draw 2 lines as illustrated
 Select the fillet icon or type “fillet”
 Type “r” (r = radius) 50
 Type “10” (10 = radius of fillet)
 Select first object (horizontal line)
 Select second object (vertical line)
Chamfer
20
 Explode the object First line
 Select the chamfer icon or type “chamfer”

15
 Type “d” (distance)
 Type “20” (first chamfer distance)
Second
 Type “15” (second chamfer distance) line
 Select first line of the chamfer
 Select second line of the chamfer

Exercise
R0.25

Objective
This topic enables the student to learn more modifying command (rectangle, polygon,
explode, hatch, scale, multiline text)
Learning Outcome
The student is able to draw and modify using rectangle, polygon, explode, hatch, scale,
multiline textcommands
Drawing Commands – rectangle, polygon, explode, hatch, scale, multiline text
Rectangle
 Select the rectangle icon or type “rectangle”
1st point 90
 Select first point
 Type “@ 40, 90” (X distance = 40, Y distance = 90)
40
Polygon
 Select the polygon icon or type “polygon”
 Enter “6” (number of sides)
 Specify center of polygon
Inscribed Circumscribed
 Type “I” for inscribed or “C” for circumscribed
 Click enter
 Type “40” (radius)
Edge
Explode
 Draw a rectangle
 Select the explode icon or type “explode”
 Select the rectangle drawn (object) and click enter

Hatch 40
 Select the hatch icon or type “hatch”
 Click “Add: pick points” A B
 Select the A area and click enter
Scale
 Select the scale icon or type “scale”
 Select the object
 Select base point (lower left edge)
 Type “2” (scale factor)
Multiline Text 1st corner

 Click the multiline text icon or type “multiline text”
 Specify first corner and second corner
UCSI, MALAYSIA
 Change the text height
 Type “UCSI, MALAYSIA
2nd corner
Exercise


LESSON 6 – DIMENSIONING
Objective
This topic enables the student to learn and apply the dimension commands
Learning Outcome
The student is able to draw and show all the dimensions
Dimension
There are several types of dimensions, including linear, align, radius, diameter, angular etc.
Exercise


LESSON 7 – ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
Objective
This topic enables the student to learn the multiview projection
Learning Outcome
The student is able to differentiate the first and third view projection
Orthographic
Orthographic projection is a mean of representing a three dimensional (3D) object in two
dimensions (2D). It is divided into:
1. First angle projection
2. Third angle projection
First angle projection

Third angle projection
Exercise


LESSON 8 – SOLID MODELING
Objective
This topic enables the student to learn the basic of 3D solid modeling
Learning Outcome
The student is able to produce a 3D solid modeling drawing
3D Models
Three basic types of 3D models is created to represent the actual object:
1. Wireframe model
Like a model constructed of 12 coat hanger wires. Each wire represents an edge of the
actual object. The surfaces of the objectsare not defined; only the boundaries of
surfaces are represented by edges. The model is see-through since it has no surfaces to
obscure the back edges. It contains no volume.
2. Surface models
As all surfaces and edges of the object are defined, it has a better description than the
wireframe models. It has volume but no mass.
3. Solid models
A complete computerized replica of the actual object, which contains the
A complete computerized replica of the actual object which is the most complete and
descriptive type of 3D modeling. It contains complete surface and edge definition, as
well as description of the interior features of the object. If a solid model is cut into
half, the interior features become visible. It is considered to have mass, as it is “solid”.
3D Coordinate
When creating a model in three-dimensional drawing space, the concept of the X and Y
coordinate system which is used for two dimensional drawing must be expanded to include
the third dimension, Z, which is measured from the origin in a direction perpendicular to the
plane defined by X and Y

World Coordinate System (WCS) and User Coordinate System (UCS)
Primitives
Solid primitives are the basic building blocks that make up complex solid models. The
ACIS primitive commands are:
1. Box
 Select NW Isometric
 Select the box icon or type “box”
 Type “@30, 40, 40” to specify the corner of the box(distance X=30, Y=40, Z=40)
 Click enter
2. Cone
 Determine the desired UCS(the base of the cone lies on XY plane) 
 Select the cone icon or type “cone”
 Specify center point, radius and height of the cone (height is in Z-axis)
3. Cylinder
 Determine the desired UCS (the base of the cylinder lies on XY plane) 
 Select the cylinder icon or type “cylinder”
 Specify center point, radius and height of the cylinder (height is in Z-Axis)





4. Wedge
 Determine desired UCS (the base of the wedge always parallel with XY plane
while slope is always along X-axis)
 Select the wedge icon or type “wedge”
 Specify first corner, other corners (@40,60,0), and height

5. Sphere
 Select the sphere icon or type “sphere”
 Specify center point and radius 

6. Torus
 Select the torus icon or type “torus”
 Specify center point 
 Specify radius of torus and radius of tube 

7. Extrude
 Draw a rectangle (the object should lies on X-Y plane) 
 Select the extrude icon or type “extrude”
 Select the rectangle (object)
 Specify the height of rectangle
Moving Solids
1. Rotate 3D
 Type “rotate3d”
 Select object(rectangle) 
 Type “2p” 
st nd
 Specify 1 and 2 points of axis  2nd point
 Type angle of rotation 25 
1st point





2. Mirror 3D
 Type “mirror3d”
 Select object and click enter
 Type 3 points 
 Click the 3 points location 
 Type N
Boolean Operation Commands

1. Union (join 2 or more objects)
 Type “union”
 Select object and click enter


2. Subtract (subtract 1 set of solid from another)

 Type “subtract”
 Select the object that you want to keep and click enter
 Select the object to remove and click enter 

3. Intersect (creates a solid of intersection (common volume) from selected solids)

 Type “intersect”
 Select all desired solids and click enter 


4. Chamfer
 Type “chamfer”
 Select solid at desired edge and click enter 
 Specify base surface chamfer and the other surface chamfer, click enter
 Select edges to be chamfered and click enter
5. Fillet
 Type “fillet”
 Select object(desired edge to fillet) 
 Specify radius value and click enter


LESSON 9 – SECTIONAL VIEW
Objective
This topic enables the student to learn the concept of sectional view
Learning Outcome
The student is able to produce the sectional view drawing
Section View
A section view is a view of the interior of an object after it has been imaginary cut open to
reveal the object’s inner details. Hatch lines (section lines) are drawn in the section view to
indicate the solid material that has been cut through. For mechanical drawings, a cutting
plane line is drawn in an adjacent view to the section view to indicate the plane that
imaginary cuts through the object. Arrows on each end of the cutting plane line indicate the
line of sight for section view. A thick dashed or phantom line should be used for cutting plane
line
Exercise


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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, ARTCHITECTURE & BUILT

ENGINEERING GRAPHICS &DESIGN / ENGINEERING DESIGN

Student ID: ______________________________________________

LESSON 2 Drawing Commands 5

LESSON 3 Modify Commands 1 8

LESSON 4 Modify Commands 2 12

LESSON 5 Modify Commands 3 15

LESSON 7 Orthographic Projections 19

LESSON 8 Solid Modeling 22

LESSON 9 Sectional Views 29

Updated Sep 2016 1|P age

Updated Sep 2016 2|P age

Updated Sep 2016 3|P age

Working with Files

Drafting Setting – Object Snap

Create New Layer

Updated Sep 2016 4|P age

LESSON 2 – DRAWING COMMANDS

Drawing Commands – line, rectangle, polygon, erase, circle, ellipse, arc

Updated Sep 2016 5|P age

 Select first point (as shown in figure)

Ellipse First point

 Select end point of the arc

Updated Sep 2016 6|P age

Updated Sep 2016 7|P age

LESSON 3 –MODIFY COMMANDS 1

Drawing Commands – move, copy, offset, array, rotate, mirror

Updated Sep 2016 8|P age

Updated Sep 2016 9|P age

Updated Sep 2016 10 | P a g e

Updated Sep 2016 11 | P a g e

LESSON 4 –MODIFY COMMANDS 2

Drawing Commands – construction line, trim, extend, fillet, chamfer

 Select the trim icon or type “trim”

Updated Sep 2016 12 | P a g e

 Select the chamfer icon or type “chamfer”

Updated Sep 2016 13 | P a g e

Updated Sep 2016 14 | P a g e

LESSON 5 –MODIFY COMMANDS 3

Drawing Commands – rectangle, polygon, explode, hatch, scale, multiline text

Updated Sep 2016 15 | P a g e

Multiline Text 1st corner

Updated Sep 2016 16 | P a g e

Updated Sep 2016 17 | P a g e

Updated Sep 2016 18 | P a g e

Updated Sep 2016 19 | P a g e

LESSON 7 – ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

First angle projection

Updated Sep 2016 20 | P a g e

Third angle projection

Updated Sep 2016 21 | P a g e

Updated Sep 2016 22 | P a g e

LESSON 8 – SOLID MODELING

Updated Sep 2016 23 | P a g e

World Coordinate System (WCS) and User Coordinate System (UCS)

Updated Sep 2016 24 | P a g e

Updated Sep 2016 25 | P a g e

Boolean Operation Commands

Updated Sep 2016 26 | P a g e

2. Subtract (subtract 1 set of solid from another)

3. Intersect (creates a solid of intersection (common volume) from selected solids)

Updated Sep 2016 27 | P a g e

Updated Sep 2016 28 | P a g e