PLASTIC AGGREGATES

USE IN

HALLOW BLOCKS
 King Edison A. Nidoy

Nikko H. Garcia

Authors

Ms. Lara Tereza Arcillas

Adviser
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title

Aims and Objectives

Introduction to the Research Topic

Literature Review

Research Design

Ethical Considerations

Conclusions and Recommendation

Bibliography
 Aims and Objectives of the Study

This proposal helps our province to keep our surrounding clean and plastic free and it

helps also our citizens, the engineers, the designers, the contractors and the builders or the

construction workers. The other objectives and aims of this study are listed below:

o To create a modernized and lightweight hallow blocks

o To lessen the loads that carrying our beams and columns

o To prevents collapsing buildings

o To reduce dumping and burning of plastics that can cause harmful effect in ozone layer

o To prevents flashfloods; because we reduce/eliminate plastic wastes in our surrounding

specially in our drainages.

o To determine if plastics are suitable in making construction material.

o To make a construction material such as CHB (Concrete Hollow Blocks) an economical

and more durable material that are used in buildings

 Introduction

Plastic is a polymeric material—that is, a material whose molecules are very large, often

resembling long chains made up of a seemingly endless series of interconnected links. Natural

polymers such as rubber and silk exist in abundance, but nature’s “plastics” have not been

implicated in environmental pollution, because they do not persist in the environment. Today,

however, the average consumer comes into daily contact with all kinds of plastic materials that

have been developed specifically to defeat natural decay processes—materials derived mainly

from petroleum that can be molded, cast, spun, or applied as a coating. Since synthetic plastics are

largely non-biodegradable, they tend to persist in natural environments. Moreover, many

lightweight single-use plastic products and packaging materials, which account for approximately

50 percent of all plastics produced, are not deposited in containers for subsequent removal to

landfills, recycling centers, or incinerators. Instead, they are improperly disposed of at or near the

location where they end their usefulness to the consumer. Dropped on the ground, thrown out of a

car window, heaped onto an already full rubbish bin, or inadvertently carried off by a gust of wind,

they immediately begin to pollute the environment. Indeed, landscapes littered by plastic

packaging have become common in many parts of the world. (Illegal dumping of plastic and

overflowing of containment structures also play a role.) Studies from around the world have not

shown any particular country or demographic group to be most responsible, though population

centers generate the most litter. The causes and effects of plastic pollution are truly worldwide.

Solid wastes, specially plastics are ruining our environment in Aurora; wherever you look

there are plastic waste even in the mountains, roads, beach, farms, rivers of Aurora Province.

Plastic waste is the main problem of this province because this province has active population it

keeps growing year by year and keep producing plastic waste as well. Because of this the authors
think a solution for this problem that can help the citizens and the environment of this province.

The authors are proposing a project and the main material for this project is plastic waste; the

authors use plastic waste to create a lightweight hallow blocks.

The idea of this research proposal is create because of our plastic waste that keeps growing

and growing so that the authors are introducing the ECO-CHB. This project helps our citizens,

engineers, construction workers to create a 3rd story or higher building and it helps also our citizens

in lower places because of the peaceful drainage, no more plastic waste to interrupt the flow of it

even when it’s raining. With this project most of our plastic waste will became a hallow blocks

that helps our province clean and habitable for the citizens and other animals lives here. In every

hallow blocks we made helps our province to eliminate the plastic wastes.
 Literature Review

Likely articles:

In recent years there has been an increased use of mixing the Portland cement and GGBS

components directly in the concrete mixer. An advantage of this procedure is that the proportion

of Portland cement and GGBS can be varied at will. The granulated slug can be ground to a

fineness of any desired value, but usually, greater than 350m3/kg. The presence of GGBS in the

mix improves workability and makes the mix more mobile but cohesive. However, the

workability of concrete containing GGBS is more sensitive to variations in the water content of

the mix than is the case with Portland cement only concrete. Mixes containing GGBS are found

to exhibit an early loss of slump. The presence of GGBS in the mix leads to retardation of 30 to

60min at normal temperatures. Silica fume has a very high reactivity with calcium hydroxide,

and this reactivity permits silica fume as a replacement for a small proportion of Portland

cement. Marble powder has higher density and it is assumed that this would improve the

segregation resistance of the self-compacting concrete. Corinaldesi et al. mentioned that high

fineness of marble powder is proved to be very effective in assuming very good cohesiveness of

mortar and concrete. They further showed that marble powder had a very high Blaine’s fineness

value of about 1.5m2/g with 90% of particles passing through 50μm sieves and 50% under 7μm.

According to Gupta et al. the value of segregation index increases with the increase in the

amount of marble powder as a replacement of fly ash. Binici et al. found that marble dust

concrete had higher compressive strength than that of the corresponding lime stone dust and

control concrete with equivalent w/c and mix proportion. Batayneh et al. found that glass

containing concrete composites was the most consistent composite than fiberglass within the

selected range of 5 and 20% aggregate substitutes. Rebeiz investigated the strength properties of
unreinforced and reinforced polymer concrete using an unsaturated polyester resin based on

recycle polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste. The results showed that the resins based

on recycled PET can be used to produce a good quality of precast concrete. Sikalidis et al.

investigated the utilization of MSW for the production of mortar. Choi et al. investigated the

effects of waste PET bottles aggregate on p, properties of concrete. The waste plastic could

reduce the weight by 2 – 6% of normal weight concrete. However, the compressive strength was

reduced up to 33% compared to that of normal concrete. Similarly, the results of Batayeneh et al.

showed the deterioration of compressive strength with an increase in the proportion plastic

content. For the plastic proportion of 20% of sand, the compressive strength was reduced up to

70% compared to that of normal concrete. Recently, Marzouk et al. studied the use of consumed

plastic bottle waste as sand-substitution aggregate within composite materials for building

applications and showed the effects of PET waste on the density and compressive strength of

concrete. It was found that the density and compressive strength decreased when the PET

aggregates exceeded 50% by volume of sand. Jo et al. investigated the mechanical properties

such as compressive strength and flexural strength of polymer concrete using an unsaturated

polyester resin based on recycled PET, which contributes in reducing the cost of the material and

saving energy. Pezzi et al. used plastic material particles incorporated as aggregate in concrete

and evaluated the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. The results showed that the

addition of polymeric material in fractions <10% in volume inside of cement matrix does not

imply a significant variation of the concrete mechanical features.

 Research Design

A. Materials

1. Any type of plastic wastes

2. Cement

3. Fine sand

4. Water

5. CHB Molder

B. Methods

First, wash all the plastic wastes collected. Secondly put it into the cutting machine to make it

fine and small to become easily to mix with the mortar. Next is to make a mortar by mixing a

cement, sand and water but instead of using only sand we add fine plastic wastes, sand and

plastic aggregate is proportional. After making a mortar for a CHB we pour it into the CHB

molding and then after one day we take out the CHB from the molding form and let it dry for 4-5

days.
 Ethical Considerations

At first, we don’t let citizens, animals and our environment get hurt nor harm with this

research and also we don’t break any regulation or rules until this research finished. In fact, we

help them and our environment. We are well informed about this while our research is being

conducted. The researcher and their team wants only to keep this province clean, habitable for the

animals, and to eliminate all the plastic waste by making it a plastic hallow blocks.
 Conclusion and Recommendations

The purpose of this project is to help our citizens eliminate those plastic wastes. This might

be the start of decreasing the numbers of those plastic wastes that can causes floods and pollution.

In this project, our plastic waste will become our key to make a special material for constructing a

building such as 2nd story and higher story building and nothing to worry about the load because

it is super lightweight, durable and water and fire resistant.

We do recommend to use this material specially for those who are planning to build a 2nd

story or higher building because this is super lightweight CHB and highly durable to fire and rain

because it is compacted and we use proper materials and mixture for this material. This material

is economical and environmental friendly and it is effortless and quick to use this material in

construction compare to the regular hallow blocks.

 Bibliography

https://www.britannica.com/science/plastic-pollution

https://www.academia.edu/8738681/Plastic_-_Sand_Hollow_Blocks