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Date
Member checks - Rafter Sheet No
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Reference Calculation 34

6.4Haunch (UB 457 x 191 x 89) 
The depth of a haunch is usually made approximately twice depth of the basic rafter
sections, as it is the normal practice to use a UB cutting of the same serial size as
that of the rafter section for the haunch, which is welded to the underside of the
basic rafter (UB 457x191x 89). Therefore it is assumed that the haunch has an
overall depth at connection is 0.90 m.

6.4.1Classification 
EN 1993-1-1:
2005 (E)
Section 5.5 ε= 275/235 =1.08

¾ Web
The web can be divided into two, and classified according to stress
and geometry of each.

actual (d/tw ) = 44.6

.

web 1 ( bending ) -------- 44.6≤72 ε Class 1

web 2 ( Compressive) --- 44.6≤38 ε Class 2

Figure 20‐ Haunch region cross‐section classification 
(King, Technical Report P164)

¾ Flanges ( Axial Compressive

. .
.
actual (c/tf )= 3.66 9ε Class1

• Thus the haunch section is a class 2.

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Reference Calculation 35

6.4.2Haunch Stability  

See First, check the stability of the haunched portion of the rafter ( from eaves
Supporting connection to the haunch/ rafter intersection) as this represents one of the most
notes highly stressed lengths, and with its outstand flange (inner) in compression, this part
section 13.1 of the rafter is the region most likely to fail due to instability. As it has already
& 13.3 decided to stay the inside corner of the column/haunch intersection (column hinge
position), assume that the haunch/rafter intersection is also effectively torsionally
restrained be diagonal braces, giving an effective length of 3m as indicated in Fig
below.

Figure 21‐ Member stability haunch‐rafter region (Plum, 1996)
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Reference Calculation 36

It would appear that clause BB.3.1.2 (3)B is the most appropriate creation to check
EN 1993-1-1: the stability of the haunched portion, as there is three flanged haunch, so the
2005 (E) distance between rotational restraint should be limited to
clause
BB.3.1.2 (3)B

Where:
Lk is length limit specified where lateral torsional buckling effects can be
ignored where the length L of the segment of a member between restraint
section at a plastic hinge location and adjacent torsional restraint.

.
Lk
.

. .
Lk = 3738 mm
.

Lk = 3.738m

c is the taper factor (shape factor) which accounts for the haunching of
EN 1993-1-1: the restraint length (BB.3.3.3)
2005 (E)
section
BB.3.1.3 1

See
supporting
notes section
Appendix B
1 = 1.15
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Reference Calculation 37

 
 
Figure 22‐ Dimensions defining taper factor (BS EN 1993‐1‐1:2005) 
 
 

Is the modification factor for non-linear moment gradient (BB.3.3.2).

The plastic moduli are determined for five cross-sections indicated on the figure
below, the actual cross-section considered are taken as being normal to the axis of
the basic rafter (unhaunched member). The plastic moduli together with the relevant
information regarding the evaluation of the ratios Ni/Mi are given in the following
table. The worst stress condition at the hunch/rafter intersection (location 5) is
taken.
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Reference Calculation 38

Figure 23‐ Member stability haunch region (Plum, 1996)

Position on haunch (FIG ) 1 2 3 4 5

Distance from the eaves
0 0.75 1.5 2.25 3
(m)
Depth of bottom web
428 321 214 107 0
(mm)
Factored moment (My,Ed)
904.5 764.8 625.1 485.3 345.6
(KNm)
Factored axial force (NEd)
171.1 170.1 169.1 168.1 167.1
(KN)
Moment capacity
1157 1011 784 686 447
(KNm)
Plastic modulus
4209 3677 2849 2495 1627
(cm3)
Ratio
0.19 0.22 0.27 0.35 0.48
(N/M)
a Value for (R) calculation
532.5 479.0 425.5 332.0 231.0
(mm)
R Value 0.86 0.84 0.89 0.79 0.86
Table 2‐ Member forces at locations indicated in figure 18
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Reference Calculation 39

The modification factor is determined by the form;

See
supporting
notes section in which R1 to R5 are the values of R according to equation below at the ends,
Appendix A quarter points and mid-length ( R values at positions 1 to 5 indicated in Table 2)

In addition, only positive values of ( ) should be included where,

- RE is the greater of R1 and R5
- Rs is the maximum value of R anywhere ( R1 to R5 )
,
-
,

Where (a) is the distance between the centroid of the member and the centroid of
restraining members (such as purlins restraining rafter). Here for simplicity a
conservative value of (a) is found by conservative method of ignoring the middle
flange as shown if figure (19).

 
 
 
 
 
 

Figure 24‐ Simplification for distance between 
centriod of rafter and purlin sections 
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Reference Calculation 40

 
12
 
3 4 3 2
 
12
 
0.86 3 0.84 4 0.89 3 0.79 0.86 2 0.89 0.86
 
 
  1.17 
 
 

                         
 
 
√ . .
3.4 3    
.
 
• Thus this portion of the rafter is stable over the assumed restrained length of 3 m
(haunch length), as Ls is around 3m.

• If the value was found to be less than the haunch length then a torsion restraint
should be provided in the haunch region as shown below
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See  
supporting  
notes section  
12.3
6.4.3 Cross­section resistance. 

6.4.3.1Shear force effects of Plastic moment resistance  

The shear in the rafter has been checked above, showing that VEd < 0.5 Vpl,Rd .
In the haunch, the shear area Av increases more than the applied shear VEd,
so the shear force has no effect on the plastic moment capacity of the haunch.
 
   
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Reference Calculation 41

6.4.3.2Axial force effects of Plastic moment resistance, 
 
See The tables provided below gives the axial and moment resistances of the
supporting haunch section at points 1to 5 shown in figures 18. A series of checks is
notes section carried out to determine whether the cross-sectional moment resistance MN,Rd
12.4 is reduced by coexistence of axial force.

(Aweb, fy
Distance NEd A Npl,Rd Aweb
Position )/ymo
(mm) (KN) (mm2) (KN) (mm2)
(KN)
1 0 171.1 16092 4023 8216 2054

2 0.75 170.1 15064 3766 7190 1798

3 1.5 169.1 14038 3510 6163 1541

4 2.25 168.1 13010 3253 5136 1284

5 3 167.1 11983 2996 4109 1027

• Npl,Rd = A fy / ymo and fy=275N/mm2
Table 3 – Axial force at positions indicated in figure 18 for haunch  
 

Is NEd > Does Axial force

Distance MEd
Position 0.5 Aweb fy 0.25 affect plastic bending
(mm) (KNm)
resistance
/ymo Npl,Rd
1 0 950 No No No

2 0.75 850 No No No

3 1.5 751 No No No

4 2.25 652 No No No

5 3 553 No No No

Table 4‐ Checking the significance of axial force on plastic moment of resistance

• Therefore, the effect of shear and axial on the plastic moment resistance of the
column sections can be neglected according to EC3 EN1993-1-1: 2005.