BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE, MUMBAI

Performance Material
Lecture 1 Associated Sheet

“Branches of Biology”
Anatomy :
Study of internal structures of plants and animals after dissection.
Biochemistry :
Study of chemistry of living matter (i.e., chemical composition, nature,
mode of formation, functioning) in relation to life activities.
Cytology :
Study of the structure and functions of cells and their organelles.
Ecology :
Study of relationship between organisms and environment.
Embryology :
Study of developmental stages of organisms upto hatching or birth.
Endocrinology :
Study of endocrine glands and hormones action in animals.
Evolution :
Study of the origin of life and the gradual differentiation or descent of
species.
Histology : Study of tissues by microscopy.
Immunology : Study of resistance of organisms to infection.
Limnobiology : Study of fresh water lakes, ponds and streams.
Morphology : Study of form and structure of animals.
Palaeontology : Study of fossils and their distribution in time.
Palaeozoology : Study of fossil animals.
Physiology :
Study of functions of various parts within the organisms.
Psychology : Study of related areas of psychology and biology.
Radiobiology : Study of effects of radioactivity on life.
 BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE, MUMBAI

Taxonomy :
Study of classification of organisms and their evolutionary
relationships with other organisms.
Zoogeography :
Study of the distribution of animals over the earth.
Zoopathology : Study of diseases of animals.

Specified Branches of Biology

o Acarology : Study of mites and ticks.
o Actinobiology : Study of radiation effects on organisms.
o Aerobiology : Study of flying organisms.
o Agriology : Study of customs of primitive man.
o Algology : Study of algae.
o Anaesthesiology : Science for causing insensibility.
o Angiology : Study of blood vascular system including veins and
arteries.
o Aphidology : Study of aphids (plant lice).
o Araneology : Study of spiders.
o Arthrology : Study of joints.
o Bryology : Study of mosses and liverworts.
o Carcinology : Study of crustaceans.
o Carcinology : Study of malignant tissue, tumor and cancer.
o Cardiology : Study of heart.
o Chondriology : Study of cartilage.
o Chorology : Study of the geographical distribution of organisms.
o Cnidology : Study of coelenterates.
o Conchology : Study of shells.
o Craniology : Study of skulls.
o Cryobiology : Study of effects on life at low temperature.
o Ctetology : Study of acquired characters of organisms.
o Dermatology : Study of body covering the skin.
 BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE, MUMBAI

o Ecobiology : Study of problems of existence of life in the outer

space.
o Epidemiology : Study of infection of parasites or
epidemic diseases.
o Ethnology : Study of mankind.
o Ethology : Study of behaviour of animals.
o Etiology : Study of cause of disease.
o Eugenics : Study of improvement of human race through
laws of heredity
o Euphenics : Study of improvement of human race by
altering the proteins during mRNA synthesis i.e. protein
synthesis process in cells. This is also called medical
engineering.
o Euthenics : Science of improvement of modern
generation of man through better nutrition.
o Exobiology : Study of possible life outside the earth.
o Genecology : Study of genetical make up of species or
populations in relation to their habitats.
o Geology : Study of earth and life as recorded in rocks.
o Gerontology : Study of growing old.
o Gynaecology : Study of female reproductive organs.
o Haematology : Study of blood.
o Helminthology : Study of parasitic worms.
o Hepatology : Study of liver.
o Herpetology : Study of reptiles.
o Hypnology : Study of sleep.
o Ichnology : Study of fossil foot prints.
o Kalology : Study of human beauty.
o Karyology : Study of nucleus, particularly chromosomes.
o Lepidoteriology : Study of moths and butter flies.
o Leprology : Study of leprosy.
o Limnology : Study of fresh water ecology and study of snails.
o Malacology : Study of molluscs.
o Malariology : Study of malaria.
o Mammalogy : Study of mammals.
o Mastology : Study of breast including teats.
o Melanology : Study of pigments.
 BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE, MUMBAI

o Molecular biology : Study of life sciences on molecular level (e.g,

nucleic acids i.e., RNA & DNA and proteins).
o Mycology : Study of fungi.
o Myology : Study of muscles.
o Myrmecology : Study of ants and anteaters.
o Nematology : Study of nematodes.
o Nephology : Study of clouds.
o Neonatology : Study of newborns upto the age of two months.
o Neontology : Science dealing with the life of recent
organisms, just reverse to palaeontology.
o Nephrology : Study of kidney.
o Neurology : Study of nervous system including brain.
o Nidology : Study of nests of birds.
o Nosology : Study of classification of diseases.
o Obstetrics : Science of midwifery.
o Odonatology : Study of dragon flies and damsel flies.
o Odontology : Study of teeth and gums.
o Oncology : Study of tumors.
o Oneirology : Study of dreams.
o Ontogeny : Study of life history of organism through
development.
o Oology : Study of eggs of birds.
o Ophiology : Study of snakes.
o Ophthalmology : Study of eyes.
o Organocology : Study of development of organs during
embryonic period.
o Organology : Study of organs.
o Ornithology : Study of birds.
o Osteology : Study of bones.
o Otolaryngology : Study of ear and larynx.
o Otorhinolaryngology : Study of ear, nose and throat (ENT).
o Paediatrics : Science of medicine dealing with diseases and
disorders of children.
o Palaeontology : Study of fossils and their distribution.
o Parasitology : Study of parasites.
o Parazoology : Study of sponges.
o Phenology : Study of periodic phenomena of organisms
e.g. bird migration, time of flowering.
 BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE, MUMBAI

o Phrenology : Study of mental faculties of brain including feeling.

o Phycology : Study of algae.
o Phytopathology : Study of plant diseases (their causes and
symptoms).
o Proctology : Study of hindgut including rectum and anus.
o Protistology : Study of protists (a groups of protozoans
such as Euglena, volvox etc.).
o Protozoology : Study of unicellular organisms such as protozoans.
o Psychiatry : Science of medical treatment of mental diseases.
o Pteridology : Study of ferns.
o Rhinology : Study of nose and olfactory organs.
o Sarcology : Study of muscles.
o Saurology : Study of lizards.
o Serology : Study of serum, Study of antigen-antibody
reactions.
o Serpentology : Study of snakes.
o Sitology : Study of regulation of diet.
o Sonology : Study of hearing.
o Space biology : Study of existence of life in the outer space.
o Speciology : Study of species.
o Splanchnology : Study of visceral organs.
o Stomatology : Study of foregut including buccal cavity and
stomach.
o Syndesmology : Study of bony joints and ligaments.
o Synecology : Study of environmental group of organisms
such as communities.
o Tactology : Study of structural organization of the body of
organisms.
o Taxidermatology : Study of skin and stuffing.
o Teleology : Study of interpretations of structures in terms of
purpose and utility.
o Teratology : Study of monstrals and foetal
malformations.
o Termitology : Study of termites.
o Torpedology : Study of skates and rays.
o Toxicology : Study of toxic effects of drugs and harmful
compounds.
o Therapeutics : Science of healing.
 BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE, MUMBAI

o Traumatology : Study of wounds.

o Tricology : Study of hairs.
o Trophology : Study of nutrition.
o Urology : Study of urine and its diseases.
o Venereology : Study of venereal diseases.
o Virology : Study of viruses.
o Zoophytology : Study of drifting organisms such as diatoms.
o Zootechny : Science of breeding and domesticating animals.
o Zymology : Study of fermentation.

Major Scientific contributions made them father J

? Father of Zoology /Biology and Founder of Embryology : Aristotle
? Father of Botany : Theophrastus
? Father of Genetics : G.J. Mendel
? Father of Evolutionary ideas : Empedocles
? Father of Eugenics : Francis Galton
? Father of Mutation : Hugo de Vries
? Father of Modern Embryology : Karl Ernst Von Baer
? Father of Palaeontology : Leonardo da vinci
? Father of Taxonomy : Carolus Linnaeus
? Father of Special Creation Theory : Father Saurez
? Father of Blood groups : K.Landsteiner
? Father of Blood circulation : William Harvey
? Father of Comparative Anatomy : G. Cuvier
? Father of Modern Genetics : T. H. Morgan
? Father of Medicine : Hippocrates
? Father of Microbiology : Louis Pasteur
? Father of Immunology : Edward Jenner