SECTION 207 WIND LOAD
5 Basic Wind Speed, denoted by V
The wind load provisions are now presented in
Sections 207A through 207F as opposed to prior
editions, where the provisions were contained in a
single section.
Section 207A
Provides the basic wind design parameters that are
applicable to the various wind load determination
methodologies. Under this section includes
definitions, basic wind speed, exposure categories,
internal pressures, enclosure classification, gust-
effects, and topographic factors, among others.
Section 207B
2015: Directional Procedure for Enclosed, Partially
Enclosed, and Open Buildings of All Heights
2010: Buildings of all heights method (ASCE 7-05)
Method 2 [NSCP 2010 p 2-21].
A simplified procedure, based on the Directional
Procedure, is provided for buildings up to 48m in
height.
Section 207C
2015: Envelope Procedure for Enclosed and Partially
Enclosed Low-Rise Buildings
2010: Low-Rise Buildings Method (ASCE 7-05)
Method 1 [NSCP 2010 pp 2-20~2-21]. Incorporates
NSCP 2010 Method 1 for MWFRS applicable to the
MWFRS of enclosed simple diaphragm buildings less
than 18m in height.
Section 207D
Wind load application on Other Structure and
Building Appurtenances: A single section is
dedicated to determining wind loads on non-building
structures such as signs, rooftop structures and
towers.
Section 207E
Wind load application on Components and Cladding.
Provisions for open buildings and building
appurtenances are also addressed.
Section 207F
Wind Tunnel Procedure Discussion
*illustrative Examples are provided unlike the NSCP
2010
207.
2015: Basic Wind Speed obtained from Figure
207A.5-1A (for Occupancy Category III, IV, and V
Buildings and Other Structures, p. 2-38), 207A.5-1B
(for Occupancy Category II Buildings and other
Structures, p. 2-39), 207A.5-1C (for Occupancy
Category I Buildings and Other Structures, p. 2-40).
All in Exposure C?
2010: Basic Wind Speed for all Occupancy Categories
at Zones 1, 2 and 3 in Table 207-1 (NSCP 2010, p. 2-
23). All in Exposure C?
Special Wind Regions
The basic wind speeds illustrated in Figure 207A.5-1
may be adjusted in accordance to Section 207A.5.3
(p. 2-35). in areas outside tropical cyclone-prone
regions.
207A.6 Wind Directionality Factor, denoted by Kd
There is no change in wind directionality factor as
can be seen in Table 207A.6-1 in NSCP 2015 (p. 2-42)
and Table 207-2 in NSCP 2010 (p. 2-23). This factor
shall only be used in conjunction with load
combinations specified in Sec. 203.3 and 203.4.
207A.7 Exposure
The importance factor, Iw (Wind Loads), as seen in
Table 207-3 in NSCP 2010 (p. 2-24) is already omitted
in NSCP 2015. The descriptions of the surface
roughness categories (Sec. 207A.7.2, p. 2-42) and
exposure categories (Sec. 207A.7.3, p. 2-42) have
been expressed as far as possible.
2015: Upwind Surface Roughness Conditions
Required for Exposure B is illustrated in Figure
C207A.7-1 (p. 2-41). Not present in NSCP 2010.
Upwind Surface Roughness Conditions
Required for Exposure D is illustrated in Figure
C207A.7-2 (p. 2-41). Not present in NSCP 2010.
Exposure C shall apply for all cases where Exposures
B or D do not apply.
207A.8 Topographic Effects
207A.8.1 Wind Speed-Up over Hills, Ridges and
Escarpments
The provisions in NSCP 2010 and NSCP 2015 under
this section are not changed.
207A.8.2 Topographic Factor, Kzt 2015:
2015: Kzt = (1 + K1 + K2 + K3)^;2 [eq. 207A.8-1, p. 2-
47]
2010: Kzt = (1 + K1K2K3)^2; [eq. 207-3, p. 2-26]

207A.9.1 Gust Effect Factor

The gust-effect factor for a rigid building or other
structures is permitted to be taken as 0.85.
Section 207A.9.4 Gust effect factor for Rigid Building
is given in equation 207A.9-6 (p. 2-56).
Section 207A.9.5 Gust effect factor for Flexible or
Dynamically Sensitive Structures is given in equation
207-8 (p. 2-56).
207A.9.2 Frequency Determination
207A.9.2.1 Limitations for Approximate Natural
Frequency
Leff; (eq. 207A.9-1, p 2-55) NEW
207A.9.3 Approximate Natural Frequency, na
For structural steel moment-resisting-frame
buildings (eq. 207A.9-2, p. 2-55).
For concrete moment-resisting frame buildings (eq.
207A.9-3, p 2-55).
For structural steel and concrete buildings with other
lateral-force-resisting systems: (eq. 207A.9-4, p 2-55)
For concrete or masonry shear wall buildings, it is
also permitted to use (eq. 207A.9-5, p. 2-56).
Source: NSCP 2015, p. 2-61
2010:
The constant is changed from 6.952 to 7.0 (p. 2-28).
207A.1 Procedures
207.A.1.1 Scope
MWFRS and C&C must be designed and constructed
to resist wind loads.
MWFRS – generally receives wind loading from more
than one surface
C&C – receives wind loads directly and generally
transfers the load to other components or to the
MWFRS
Bulding Envelope – cladding, roofing, exterior walls,
glazing, door assemblies, window assemblies,
skylight assemblies and other components enclosing
the building.

No change in resonant factor, R.

207.10 Enclosure Classification
Partially enclosed building, open building, and
enclosed building are defined (NSCP 2015, pp. 2-25
to 2-26).
207A.10.4 Multiple Classifications
If a building by definition complies with both the
“open” and “partially enclosed” definitions, it shall
be classified as “open” building. A building that does
not comply with either the “open” or “partially
enclosed” definitions shall be classified as an
“enclosed” building.

207A.11.1 Internal Pressure Coefficients, GCpi

Same values with GCpi of NSCP 2010 for walls and
roofs of all heights for open, partially enclosed and
enclosed buildings. It is tabulated in NSCP 2015,
table 207A.11-1 (p. 2-61).
207A.11.1.1 Reduction Factor for Large Volume
Buildings, Ri
207A.1.2 Permitted Procedures Strength Design Load Combination

Refer to NSCP 2015 Figure 207A.1-1 on page 2-26 LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design)
(not outlined in NSCP 2010).
2010:
For MWFRS [eq. 203-1] 1.4(D + F)
1. Section 207B – Directional Procedure for [eq. 203-2] 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5(Lr
Buildings of All Heights or R)
2. Section 207C – Envelope Procedure for Low- [eq. 203-3] 1.2 + 1.6(Lr or R) + (f1L or 0.8W)
Rise Buildings [eq. 203-4] 1.2D + 1.6W + f1L + 0.5(Lr or R)
3. Section 207D – Directional Procedure for [eq. 203-5] 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L
Building Appurtenances and Other [eq. 203-6] 0.9D + 1.6W + 1.6H
Structures [eq. 203-7] 0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H
4. Section 207F – Wind Tunnel Procedure for
All Buildings and Other Structures 2015:
[eq. 203-1] 1.4(D + F)
For C&C [eq. 203-2] 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5(Lr
1. Section 207E – Analytical Procedure for or R)
Buildings and Building Appurtenances [eq. 203-3] 1.2 + 1.6(Lr or R) + (f1L or 0.5W)
2. Section 207F – Wind Tunnel Procedure for [eq. 203-4] 1.2D + 1.0W + f1L + 0.5(Lr or R)
All Buildings and Other Structures [eq. 203-5] 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L
[eq. 203-6] 0.9D + 1.0W + 1.6H
Section 207B – ( method 2 of NSCP 2010) for [eq. 203-7] 0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H
buildings upto 48m
Load combination if f1 = 1.0 for floors in places of
Section 207C – (method 2 of NSCP 2010) for simple public assembly, for live loads in excess of 4.8kPa,
diaphragm buildings up to 18m in height. and for garage live load.
[from eq. 203-2] 1.2D + 1.6L
Section 207D – wind loads on building [from eq. 203-3] 1.2D ± 0.5W
appurtenances e.g. rooftop structures and rooftop [from eq. 203-4] 1.2D ± 1.0W + 1.0L
equipment. And other structures of all heights such [from eq. 203-5] 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L
as solid freestanding walls and freestanding solid [from eq. 203-7] 0.9D + 1.0E
signs, chimneys, tanks, open signs, lattice [from UBC 97] 1.37D + 0.50L
frameworks and trussed towers using Directional [from UBC 97] 1.03D + 0.50L – 1.0E
Procedure. [from UBC 97] 1.07D + 1.0E
[from UBC 97] 0.73D – 1.0E
Section 207E
Part 1. Applicable to an enclosed or partially
enclosed with building height, h <= 18m.
Part 2. Applicable to an enclosed with building
height, h <= 18m.
Part 3. Applicable to an enclosed or partially
enclosed with building height, h > 18m.
Part 4. Applicable to an enclosed with building
height, h <= 48m.
Part 5. Applicable to an open building of all heights
having a pitched free roof, monoslope free roof, or
trough free roof.
Part 6. Applicable to building appurtenances such as
roof overhangs and parapets and rooftop
equipment.
SECTION 301 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Section 304 Allowable Foundation and Lateral
Pressures
Section 302 Cut Slopes
Provisions for cut slopes have been modified and the 2015:
figure for fill slopes has been amended for clarity Table 304-1 Allowable Foundation and Lateral
(from Figure 302-1 of NSCP 2010 on p. 3-4 has been Pressure (p. 3-13)
modified to Figure 302-1 of NSCP 2015 on p. 3-4). Class of Material Allowabl Later Lateral Sliding
e al Coefficie Resistan
Foundati Beari nt ce
Section 302.7 Erosion Control on ng (kPa)
Section 302.7.2 Scour Protection Pressure Belo
(This subsection is introduced to NSCP 2015). (kPa) w
Retaining structures and foundations located on Natur
al
stream banks and beds shall be provided with Grade
appropriate countermeasures, designed on the basis (kPa/
of a detailed engineering study, for long-term m of
protection against scouring and erosion. depth
)
1. “Intact” 1000 300 - -
Section 302.8 MSE Structures and Similar Reinforced Tufface
Embankments and Fills ous
(This section is introduced to NSCP 2015). Sandsto
n
The grading requirements to select granular backfill 2. “Lightly 500 150 - -
materials is introduced and tabulated in Table 302.1, Weathe
p. 3-7. red”
The backfill material shall have an angle of internal Tufface
ous
friction > 34 degrees. Sandsto
The assigned cohesion value during the design stage ne
for the backfill material within the reinforced zone 3. Sandy 100 30 0.35 -
shall be < 5kPa. Gravel
and /or
The soils should be compacted to no less than 95%
Gravel
MDD determine according to AASHTO T99 Method C (GW &
or D and corrected for oversized material according GP)
to AASHTO T99, Note 9
The material shall have a Plasticity Index of not more 2010:
than 15 for rigid faced MSE structures, and not more Table 304-1 Allowable Foundation and Lateral
than 20 for flexible or ductile faced MSE structures, Pressure (p. 3-11)
as determine by AASHTO T 90. Class of Material Allowab Later Lateral Sliding
Electrochemical Requirements in Table 302-2, p. 3-7 le al Coeffici Resista
Foundat Beari ent nce
are introduced in NSCP 2015. ion ng (kPa)
Pressure Belo
Section 303 Foundation Investigation (kPa) w
Minimum required number of boreholes per Natu
ral
structure in Table 303-1, p. 3-8 is introduced in NSCP Grad
2015. e
(kPa/
Cases in which an exhausted geotechnical m of
dept
investigation should be conducted are elaborated in h)
section 303-1, pp. 3-8 to 3-9. 1. Massive 200 200 0.70 -
Crystalline
Bedrock
2. Sedimenta 100 60 0.35 -
ry and
Foliated
Rock
3. Sandy 100 30 0.35
 Gravel of spiral reinforcement shall not be less than 0.007
and/or or the amount required by the following formula for
Gravel
(GW & GP) the upper 6m of the pile.

2015:
Section 305 Building Clearance for Slopes
Figure 305-1 Setback Dimensions for Building
Clearance for Stable Natural Slopes on Firm and
Intact Ground of NSCP 2015 (p. 3-15) has been
modified and is more detailed compared to Figure
305-1 Setback Dimensions for Building Clearance
from Slopes of NSCP 2010 (p. 3-13).
2010:
Section 305.5.7 Reinforced Slopes (p. 3-16) *The constant 0.25 in equation 308.5.2 is changed
(This subsection is introduced to NSCP 2015). from the constant 0.12 in equation 308.5.2 in NSCP
Footings on or adjacent to slopes reinforced using 2010.
rock anchors, soils nails, geosynthethics or any other
similar ground improvement technique shall be 1.4𝑃
founded such that it does not interfere or impair the *The variable + in equations 308.5.2 and
function of the reinforcing elements. 𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝐴𝑔
The building official may require the 1.4𝑃
recommendation of a geotechnical engineer to
308.5.3 is changed from − in equations
𝑓𝑐𝐴𝑔
demonstrate that the reinforced slope can safely 308.5.2 and 308.5.3 in NSCP 2010
carry the structural loads it will be subjected to.
Note:
Section 306.8 Lateral Loads (p. 3-18) f’c = specified compressive strength of concrete,
(This section is introduced to NSCP 2015). MPa ≤ 41.4MPa.
The design resistance of piles subjected to lateral fc = specified compressive strength of concrete, MPa
loads, should be assessed based on one of the
following failure mechanisms:
 For short piles, rotation or translation as a
rigid body (Broms, 1964)
 For long slender piles, bending failure of the
pile, accompanied by local yielding and
displacement of the soil near the top of the
pile. (non-linear py method e.g. COM524).

Section 306.8.2 Pile Groups (p. 3-18)

(This subsection is introduced to NSCP 2015).

Section 308 Foundation Construction in Seismic Zone

Section 308.5.2 Precast Prestressed Piles (p. 3-25)
2015:
Where a structure is assigned to Seismic Zone 4, the
following shall apply:
For the upper 20 ft (6m) of preacast prestressed
piles, the minimum volumetric ratio of spiral
reinforcement shall not be less than 0.007 of the
amount required by the following equation:
2010:
Where a structure is assigned to Seismic Zone 4, the
following shall apply. The minimum volumetric ratio