Adventures in

Diving Program
Knowledge Review
Answer Keys
Adventures in Diving Program Knowledge Review Answer Keys

© PADI 2011

Published by PADI
30151 Tomas
Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688-2125 USA

Printed in U.S.A.
Name _______________________________________________________________ Date ______________

Knowledge Review – Altitude Dive

To the student diver: Answer the following questions and bring this completed Knowledge Review
with you to your next training session.

1. Define “altitude dive” and briefly explain why there are special considerations when using
tables and dive computers at altitude.

Any dive made at 300 metres/1000 feet or greater above sea

level. Special dive table considerations are needed to account for
the difference in atmospheric pressure.
2. What’s the main difference between altitude diving and flying after diving?

In altitude diving, the exposure to lower atmospheric pressure

precedes the dive. The exposure to lower atmospheric pressure fol-
lows the dive when flying.
3. List the current recommendations for flying after diving.

For a single dive within the no decompression limit, a minimum

preflight surface interval of 12 hours is suggested. For repetitive
dives and/or multiday dives, a minimum preflight surface inter-
val of 18 hours is suggested. For dives requiring decompression
stops, a minimum preflight surface interval greater than 18 hours
is suggested.
4. List two possible detrimental physiological conditions, aside from decompression sickness, that
may be concerns for altitude divers, and explain how to avoid them.

1. Hypoxia – pace yourself, avoid strenuous work

2. Hypothermia – use adequate exposure protection
5. Describe how altitude affects each of the following instruments, and how to adjust for those
effects.
a. Digital electronic depth gauge:
Varies. Some adjust automatically – consult manufacturer’s
instructions.
b. Bourdon tube depth gauge:
Reads shallower than actual depth – use adjustment knob if avail-
able.
c. Capillary depth gauge:
Reads deeper than actual depth. Reads theoretical depth – no
adjustment necessary
 d. Dive computer:
Varies. Some adjust automatically – consult manufacturer’s
instructions.
6. Identify the following when using the RDP at altitude.

a. Ascent rate: 9 metres/30 feet or slower

b. Safety stop time/depth: 3 minute stop at theoretical depth
c. Maximum depth: Theoretical depth of 40 metres/130 feet
d. Maximum altitude: 3000 metres/10,000 feet
7. What’s the generally recommended maximum number of dives in a day when using the RDP
at altitude. Two
8. You plan to dive to an actual depth of 18 metres/60 feet one hour after arriving to an altitude
of 1090 metres/3578 feet. If you were to dive to the no-decompression limit, what would your
no-decompression limit be for a repetitive dive to the same depth after a 45 minute surface
interval?

16 min metric 18 min imperial

9. You plan to dive to an actual depth of 24 metres/80 feet after spending seven hours at the dive
site altitude of 1226 metres/4023 feet. What is your no-decompression limit for this dive? If
your bottom time is 15 minutes, what would your no-decompression limit be for a repetitive
dive to an actual depth of 18 metres/60 feet after a one hour, five minute surface interval?

Part 1: 20 minutes
Part 2: Metric = 25 min
Imperial – Table = 20 min, eRDPML = 24 min
Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my
ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely I’ve had explained
to me, and I understand what I missed.

Name ______________________________________________________________ Date _____________

Adventure Dive: Altitude

Skills Overview
• Knowledge Review • Tour (time/air pressure permitting)
• Briefing • Ascent – Safety Stop
• Gearing Up • Exit
• Predive Safety Check • Debrief
• Entry • Log Dive – Complete Adventure Dive
• Descent Training Record

• Depth Gauge Comparisons at Depth

Name _______________________________________________________________ Date ______________

Knowledge Review – AWARE Fish Identification

To the student diver: Answer the following questions and bring this completed Knowledge Review
with you to your next training session.

1. Why are scuba divers and snorkelers the “natural” ambassadors for the aquatic environment?

Divers and snorkelers notice both short and long term changes in
the aquatic realm. This intimate familiarity with the underwater
world, makes them the natural ambassadors for the aquatic
environment.
2. What are the origins of Project AWARE?

Project AWARE was originally launched as a ten-year environmen-

tal ethics campaign in 1989.
3. True or False. Project AWARE Foundation is a registered, nonprofit organization dedicated to
conserving underwater environments through education, advocacy and action.

TRUE
4. Project AWARE and dedicated volunteers are committed to conservation initiatives including:

❑ a. Underwater Cleanups and Marine Debris Prevention.

❑ b. Coral Reef Conservation, Monitoring and Data Collection.

❑ c. Shark Education, Reporting and Conservation.

■ d. All of the above.

5. Approximately how many different fish species exist worldwide? 21,000

6. True or False. The simple strategy for identifying fish is to focus on families, rather than try-
ing to learn every fish species.

TRUE
7. Fish identification is a(n) __________ activity. Avoid _________ fish to get a better look.

❑ a. interactive/photographing

❑ b. passive/staring at

■ c. passive/chasing

❑ d. interactive/drawing
8. List at least four common fish groupings used to identify fish in your local area.

(Answers vary depending on location)

9. List some of the characteristics that assist in distinguishing between fish families.

Possible answers include:

1. Size
2. Color
3. Body shape
4. Fin configuration
5. Mouth/jaw shape
6. Habitat and behavior
7. Propulsion method
10. Describe the “roving diver” survey technique?

A technique that allows divers to swim along as usual, spotting

fish along the way. The divers do not have to alter or restrict their
normal dive pattern.
Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my
ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely I’ve had explained
to me, and I understand what I missed.

Name __________________________________________________ Date _________________

Adventure Dive: AWARE Fish Identification

Skills Overview
• Slate preparation • Post dive procedures
• Briefing • Use reference materials to identify
• Equipment preparation unfamiliar fish

• Predive Safety Check • Debrief

• Entry • Log Dive – Complete Adventure Dive

Training Record
• Descent
• Observe and identify fish families
• Record sightings
• Sketch/describe unfamiliar fish
• Ascent and exit
Name ___________________________________________________________ Date ______________

Knowledge Review – Boat Dive

To the student diver: Answer the following questions and bring this completed Knowledge Review
with you to your next training session.

1. On the illustration, label the following: bow, stern, port, starboard, windward and leeward.

Starboard Windward

➞
➞ Stern
➞
Bow

➞
Port Leeward
2. List eight pieces of emergency equipment commonly found on dive boats.

1. PFDs (personal flotation devices) 5. First aid kit

2. Fire extinguishers 6. Oxygen equipment
3. Sound signaling devices 7. Marine radio
4. Visual distress signals 8. Bilge pump or bailer
3. Describe how to help prevent seasickness, and what to do if you become seasick.
Prevention: take a seasickness medication well in advance of boarding; avoid
greasy foods; stay on deck, or at least in the fresh air, as close to the cen-
ter of the boat as possible; look at something stationary on the horizon;
avoid intricate tasks; enter the water as soon as possible; avoid breathing
engine exhaust; and avoid using the head during rough weather.
If seasickness occurs: stay out of the boat’s head; go to the lee side (down-
wind) rail to vomit; and drink some room temperature water.
4. Describe the “general” boarding procedure for a typical charter boat.
Plan to board 1/2 hour prior to departure. Ask crew where to stow equip-
ment. Sign-in and listen to predive briefings.
5. On most dive boats be sure to work from your dive bag and not take up ___________ .
Excessive space
6. Explain the general guidelines for making proper entries from various types of boats.
When ready to enter the water, make sure your buddy is also ready. Check
in with the divemaster (if there is one). Partially inflate your BCD, put your
regulator in your mouth (unless you are putting your unit on in the water).
Make sure the entry area is clear and hold your mask firmly. Have your ac-
cessories handed down.
 7. Explain the location and purpose for trip line, gear line, tag line and current line:

Trip line:Buoyed from front of the anchor, used to release anchor – some-
times used for descent/ascent line.
Gear line: Usually near entry/exit area – used to secure gear when diving from
a small boat, or to suspend accessories.
Tag (swim) line: From stern or entry area to mooring/anchor line – used to pull
yourself from the entry area to the mooring/anchor line.
Current (trail or mermaid) line: Trailed behind boat – used to maintain position
in a current and pull yourself to the boat. Provides a larger target if you
have to swim across current to reach the boat.
8. Describe the procedures for making a free descent from a boat.

Take care to avoid disorientation. Watch descent rate – maintain buddy

contact.
9. What are the general guidelines for making a proper exit into a charter boat?

Wait your turn to exit, avoid positioning yourself under a diver on a ladder.
Time swells to assist with your exit – letting them carry you onto the plat-
form. Don’t remove fins until contact with the boat is made. Keep your mask
on and breathe through your snorkel or regulator until you’re aboard. Hand
up accessory equipment.
10. Explain why you should listen to post-dive roll calls by divemasters or crew members.

This procedure makes sure everyone is aboard and accounted for before
leaving the area.
Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my
ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely I’ve had explained
to me, and I understand what I missed.

Name ______________________________________________________________ Date _______________

Adventure Dive: Boat

Skills Overview
• Knowledge Review • Dive for Fun and Pleasure
• Briefing • Ascent – Safety Stop
• Suiting Up • Boat Diving Exit
• Predive Safety Check (BWRAF) • Stow Equipment
• Boat Diving Entry • Debrief
• Descent • Log Dive – Complete Adventure Dive
Training Record
Name ___________________________________________________________ Date ______________

Knowledge Review – Deep Dive

To the student diver: Answer the following questions and bring this completed Knowledge Review
with you to your next training session.

1. List five factors to consider when determining your personal deep diving depth limit.

1. Environmental conditions
2. Physical and psychological fitness
3. Surface interval – pressure group
4. Geographic location
5. Personal and buddy’s ability
2. Explain how to determine if your equipment is suitable for deep diving.

Consider equipment condition and appropriateness for use while

deep diving. Regulator and SPG serviced annually. BCD in good
working condition. Exposure suit used based on deep water tem-
peratures. Complete set of gauges – ideally on a console.
3. List five pieces of specialized equipment recommended for deep diving.

1. Reference line
2. Emergency breathing equipment
3. Spare weights
4. Underwater light
5. First aid kit and emergency oxygen
4. Describe proper ascent and descent techniques for deep diving, including positioning, main-
taining a proper ascent rate and descending/ascending without a visual reference.

When possible, descend feet-first on deep dives. Estimate rate of

ascent using depth gauge and timer together or electronic depth
gauge/dive computer with ascent warning. Without a visual refer-
ence, ascend/descend in a feet-down position, face buddy, watch
rate of ascent, adjust buoyancy frequently. Make a safety stop.
5. Explain how to avoid low-on-air or out-of-air emergencies while deep diving.

Monitor SPG frequently – more often than on shallower dives.

 6. Describe how to make a safety stop at 5 metres/15 feet with a usual reference (line or sloping
bottom).

Grasp line (or bottom) so that depth is at midchest level – body

vertical. Maintain neutral or slight negative buoyancy – watch
depth and time. Review dive time and depth limits.
7. Describe how to prevent narcosis, and how to treat it if it occurs.

Stay in shallower water. If it occurs, ascend with buddy to shal-

lower water until symptoms/signs subside.
8. List six symptoms and six signs of decompression illness.

Symptoms Signs

1. Pain in arms, legs or torso 1. Blotchy skin rash

2. Local numbness, tingling, paralysis 2. Tendency to favor an arm or leg
3. Dizziness and vertigo 3. Staggering
4. Unusual fatigue/weakness 4. Coughing spasms
5. Skin itch 5. Collapse
6. Shortness of breath 6. Unconsciousness
9. What is the primary reason divers get decompression illness.

Diver error
10. Explain how to minimize the risk of decompression sickness.

Use all decompression devices and tables (including the RDP)

accurately and never dive to their limits.
Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my
ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely I’ve had explained
to me, and I understand what I missed.

Name ______________________________________________________________ Date _______________

Adventure Dive: Deep

Skills Overview
• Knowledge Review • Describe and Record Color Changes
• Briefing at Depth
• Assembling and Positioning • Depth Gauge Comparisons at Depth
Emergency Equipment • Guided Tour (time/air pressure permitting)
• Suiting Up • Ascent and Safety Stop
• Predive Safety Check (BWRAF) • Debrief
• Entry • Log Dive – Complete Adventure Dive
• Descent Training Record
Name ___________________________________________________________ Date ______________

Knowledge Review Level Two –

Digital Underwater Photography
Answer the following questions and hand them in to your instructor for review.
1. Which of the following format characteristics apply to JPEGs? (Check all that apply.)
■ a. compressed
❑ b. used mainly for printing photos
■ c. less quality than other formats
❑ d. unprocessed image data
❑ e. slow to write

2. What four settings affect exposure? (Check all that apply.)

■ a. aperture
❑ b. housing type
■ c. ISO
■ d. shutter speed
■ e. exposure compensation

3. Why do you need to be cautious about using your LCD monitor to assess your exposure under-
water? (Check all that apply.)
■ a. LCD screens tend to have high contrast.
■ b. LCD screens look more bright/colorful in dim conditions.
■ c. LCD screens may be hard to see in bright conditions.

4. What characteristics would you expect from a photograph with this histogram?
❑ a. underexposed
■ b. overexposed
❑ c. flat
❑ d. contrasty

5. What do you do if your histogram shows you your picture is too bright or too dark?
■ a. Adjust the exposure compensation, or use a different aperture or shutter speed if the
camera is on manual.
❑ b. Forget it and go elsewhere.
❑ c. Fix it in post processing.

6. Why is negative space important to good composition?

❑ a It prevents the image from having any tone or feeling.
■ b. It balances the subject in the image.
7. To use the Rule of Thirds (check all that apply):
■ a. mentally divide the frame into thirds both vertically and horizontally.
❑ b. keep your subject away from these lines or where they intersect.
■ c. put your subject on these lines or where they intersect.

8. What helps you get good results from built-in flash underwater? (Check all that apply.)
■ a. Only use built-in flash in very clear water.
❑ b. Don’t use the white balance.
■ c. Use a flash diffuser if your housing accepts one.
❑ d. Stay at least 3 metres/10 feet from your subject.

9. Where do you place an external strobe for good results?

❑ a. Place an external strobe directly next to the lens.
❑ b. Place an external strobe to the side and well below the subject.
■ c. Place an external strobe away from the camera at an approximately 45º angle to the
side or slightly above camera level.

10. What is the first thing you do after downloading your images?
❑ a. Adjust their quality.
❑ b. Email them to a friend.
■ c. Back them up to a separate medium.

Student Statement: Any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely I have had explained to
me, and I understand what I missed.

Signature_________________________________________________________________Date______________

Adventure Dive: Digital Underwater Photography

Skills Overview
• Briefing
• Assemble and test camera equipment
• Gearing Up
• Predive Safety Check
• Enter the water safely protecting
camera system
• Demonstrate care for the environment and
avoid damaging it
• Practice getting proper exposure, contrast
and sharpness by using and controlling shut-
ter, aperture, EV control, focus and flash
• Practice getting good color by using white
balance, flash, filters and wide angle lenses
• Practice composition through choice of
subject, subject positioning, negative
space and other compositional elements
• Demonstrate use of the PADI SEA Method
by using the LCD monitor and/or histo-
gram to evaluate exposure, sharpness and
composition
• Ascent – Safety Stop
• Exit the water safely protecting
camera system
• Debrief
• Log Dive – Complete Adventure Dive
Training Record
Name ________________________________________________ Date ________________

Knowledge Review – Diver Propulsion Vehicle

To the student diver: Answer the following questions and bring this knowledge review to your next
training session.

1. List two advantages of using a DPV.

1. You can cover significantly more area on a dive.

2. DPVs reduce exertion and air consumption.
2. What are five features common to all DPVs?

1. Thrust control/trigger mechanism

2. Propeller and housing
3. Handles
4. Battery access
5. Buoyancy characteristics
3. Explain why is it important to secure your DPV when traveling by boat?

If the DPV slides or rolls, this could damage the unit, other
equipment or cause injury.
4. What is a good guideline when using battery power or air supply to determine a
turnaround point for a dive?

The rule of thirds - 1/3 air/power to reach your destination, 1/3 to

return and 1/3 for reserve.
5. True or False. In extreme situations, you may need to abandon your DPV.

True
6. True or False. When using a DPV, a diver should never exceed an ascent rate of 18 metres/60
feet per minute.

True
7. List two suggestions/recommendations for avoiding propeller entanglements and obstructions.

1. Keep all buckles, lanyards, hoses and other equipment firmly

secured and away from the propeller.
2. Be careful when maneuvering around areas with heavy
aquatic vegetation.
 8. True or False. Riding tandem while diving with a DPV is neither a common nor acceptable
procedure.

False
9. Explain the procedures entries from shore when using a DPV.

Hold the vehicle in a way that the throttle control can not be
accidentally engaged. Do not operate vehicle until you are in the
water deep enough for it to tow you without obstruction from the
bottom (usually about chest deep). Be sure to keep prop shroud
completely below the surface of the water to prevent cavitation.
10. What are two things a diver can do to avoid damaging aquatic life while using a DPV?

1. Be aware of your fin position at all times when maneuvering

around fragile aquatic life.
2. Avoid disturbing the bottom. Sand or silt not only decreases
visibility, but can damage aquatic life and clog the propeller.

Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my
ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely I’ve had explained
to me, and I understand what I missed.

Name __________________________________________________ Date _________________

Adventure Dive: Diver Propulsion Vehicle

Skills Overview
• DPV Preparation • Tandem Riding
• Briefing • Parking
• Equipment Preparation • Towing a DPV
• Predive Safety Check (BWRAF) • Underwater Tour
• Appropriate Entry with DPV • Appropriate Ascent with DPV
• DPV Use at Surface • Appropriate Exit with DPV
• Appropriate Descent with DPV • Post Dive Procedures
• Riding Steady and Level • Debrief
• Adjusting Depth • Log Dive – Complete Adventure Dive
• Turning Training Record
Name _______________________________________________________________ Date ______________

Knowledge Review – Drift Dive

To the student diver: Answer the following questions and bring this completed Knowledge Review
with you to your next training session.
1. List and explain four advantages and four considerations for drift diving.
Advantages:
1. Requires little effort
2. Allows diving even when strong currents exist
3. Can see more area
4. Don’t have to return to a specific exit point
Considerations:
1. Exit and entry must be coordinated
2. Extra vigilance in maintaining buddy contact
3. Coordination of surface support and supervision
4. Must be done where there’s a long extensive bottom
2. Explain why it’s recommended that you have some form of surface supervision for most forms
of drift diving.

Can lend assistance if necessary and if an emergency arises.

3. List seven considerations that should be part of planning a drift dive.

1. Surface conditions and current intensity

2. Depth and visibility
3. Dive objective
4. Number and size of dive teams
5. Diver experience levels
6. Bottom topography
7. Availability of surface support
4. Describe the difference between a buoyant and a negative drift diving entry, and explain when
you would use each.

Buoyant entry: Enter water with BCD partially inflated; used when
problem solving must be done at the surface prior to entry.
Negative entry: Enter water with BCD empty; used when dive must
begin on a small site.
5. Explain the procedure for descending with a float so that a group stays together on a drift dive.

Follow line down, using it as a visual guide. Maintain buddy con-

tact, don’t drop straight down. If having trouble equalizing follow
line up until problem is cleared, then follow it down. Swim around
divers having trouble descending.
 6. Describe several techniques used to stay with the group during the underwater tour portion of
a drift dive.

Stay up-current from group leader/line handler. Watch for his

signals and if he stops, maintain position by swimming into cur-
rent or holding on.
7. Describe how to ascend as a group and as individual buddy teams. Explain when buddy
teams may ascend individually from a group drift dive.

Group ascent: Ascent begins when first diver signals low on air or
when planned bottom time is reached. Group makes normal as-
cent ahead of group leader/line handler. Make safety stop.
Individual buddy team ascent: Make a normal ascent and safety
stop. Individual ascents may be used when conditions are good
and with experienced divers.
8. Describe the procedures for safely exiting the water onto a boat after a drift dive.

Stay together with the group. Don’t swim toward boat until di-
rected to do so by crew. Keep clear of boarding ladder until it’s
your turn.
9. Explain how to avoid exhaustion in a current.

Keep exertion below levels that induce heavy breathing. Underwa-

ter, stay at or near the bottom. Don’t fight the current. At sur-
face inflate BCD and rest.
10. Define “being lost” in the context of drift diving, and how you might rejoin the group if you
were “lost.”

You’re lost when you can’t see the float line or the dive group –
even if you’re with your buddy. Look for the group for no more than
one minute before ascending. Look for group float and bubbles.
Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my ability and
any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely I’ve had explained to me, and I under-
stand what I missed.

Name ______________________________________________________________ Date _______________

Adventure Dive: Drift

Skills Overview
• Knowledge Review • Drift Dive for Fun and Pleasure
• Briefing • Ascent – Safety Stop
• Gearing Up • Exit
• Predive Safety Check • Debrief
• Entry • Log Dive – Complete Adventure Dive
Training Record
• Group Descent
Name _______________________________________________________________ Date ______________

Knowledge Review – Dry Suit Dive

To the student diver: Answer the following questions and bring this completed Knowledge Review
with you to your next training session.

1. Explain why even mild hypothermia can be a problem for divers, and how to avoid it.

It interferes with clear thinking, saps away strength and endur-

ance. To avoid, always wear adequate thermal protection before,
during and after a dive.
2. How do you check for proper weighting when diving in your dry suit?

Wearing dry suit, undergarment and all regular equipment, you

should float at eye-level while holding a normal breath with an
empty BCD. When you exhale, you should sink.
3. Why is it important to not dive with an excessively tight neck seal?

Can cause carotid sinus reflex, which results in changes in your

heart rate and possible unconsciousness.
4. How do you attain positive buoyancy at the surface, attain and maintain neutral buoyancy
underwater, and prevent dry suit squeeze when dry suit diving?

At the surface, add air to BCD, not dry suit. Underwater, if you’re
wearing a shell dry suit add air to the dry suit to adjust for neu-
tral buoyancy. Underwater, if you are wearing a neoprene dry suit
or if you are wearing a dry suit for tec diving, add air to your buoy-
ancy compensator to adjust for neutral buoyancy. Add a little air
to your dry suit on descent to prevent dry suit squeeze.
5. Describe how to add air to your dry suit while underwater.

Short, light bursts of air.

6. How do you vent air from your dry suit while underwater?

In a feet-down position, vent air through the exhaust valve

regularly and gently.
7. What should you do if you become too buoyant due to excess air in your suit?

Disconnect inflator valve hose (if it started the problem).

Immediately dump air from exhaust valve or by pulling the neck or
wrist seals open – flair body while dumping air to create drag.
8. How do you cope with too much air in your dry suit legs/feet?

Rapidly tuck into a ball while rolling on to your back – dump air im-
mediately if needed.
9. What should you remember about breathing if caught in a runaway or rapid ascent?

Be sure not to hold your breath during the ascent

10. List what you should do if your dry suit floods.

Terminate dive immediately. Use BCD to regain buoyancy – drop

weights if necessary. Service your dry suit if necessary.

Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my
ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely I’ve had explained
to me, and I understand what I missed.

Name ______________________________________________________________ Date _______________

Adventure Dive: Dry Suit

Skills Overview
• Knowledge Review
• Briefing
• Suiting Up
• Predive Safety Check (BWRAF)
• Entry
• Controlled descent
• Neutral Buoyancy – Gently Rise and Fall
• Neutral Buoyancy – Hover
• Dry Suit Dive for Fun and Pleasure
• Ascent – Safety Stop
• Scuba Unit and Weight System Removal and Replace at Surface
• Exit
• Debrief
• Log Dive – Complete Adventure Dive Training Record
Name _______________________________________________________________ Date ______________

Knowledge Review – Multilevel & Computer Dive

To the student diver: Answer the following questions and bring this completed Knowledge Review
with you to your next training session.

1. Describe how no-decompression limits are determined.

Through the actual results of manned dives.

2. Because people vary in their physiology and susceptibility to decompression sickness, no
table or computer can guarantee decompression sickness will never occur, even when
diving within its limits.

3. Describe how you should ascend when diving with any table or computer.

Ascent should be no faster than 18 metres/60 feet per minute

(slower if specified by computer or table) with a three minute
safety stop at 5 metres/15 feet.
4. Why should a dive requiring a decompression stop be the last, and preferably only, dive of the
day?

Mathematical decompression models can’t adequately predict the

combination of a repetitive dive with a decompression dive.
5. List eight rules that apply to computer diving.

1. Stay within the computer’s limits.

2. When multilevel diving – start deep, work shallower.
3. Control rate of ascent – 18 metres/60 feet or slower.
4. Make a safety stop at 5 metres/15 feet for three minutes.
5. Take a 60 minute surface interval between dives.
6. Limit repetitive dives to 30 metres/100 feet or shallower.
7. Watch air supply.
8. Beware of predisposing factors leading to decompression
sickness – dive conservatively.
6. List the three pieces of dive equipment for any multilevel dive (in addition to the regular gear
you need for the local environment).

1. The eRDPML
2. Depth gauge
3. Timer
7. List three potential hazards of multilevel diving.

1. Hypothermia
2. Running out of air
3. Disorientation
8. What are the two common mistakes to avoid while multilevel diving, with and without a com-
puter?

1. Sharing a computer
2. Sawtooth diving
9. What three considerations do you include in planning a multilevel dive?

1. Topography
2. Air supply
3. Contingency plans
10. You can use the eRDPML to estimate the time your computer will allow on a first dive
and repetitive dives.

11. Describe what to do if your computer fails during a dive.

Immediately stop dive and make a normal ascent to 5 metres/15

feet. Make a safety stop for as long as your air supply permits.
Do not dive again for 24 hours.
Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my
ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely I’ve had explained
to me, and I understand what I missed.

Name ______________________________________________________________ Date _______________

Adventure Dive: Multilevel and Computer

Skills Overview
• Knowledge Review
• Briefing – Plan Dive with the eRDPML and (optional) Computer
• Gearing Up
• Predive Safety Check
• Entry
• Descent to Deepest Depth-Level
• Ascent to Second Depth-Level
• Ascent – Safety Stop
• Exit
• Debrief
• Log Dive – Complete Adventure Dive Training Record
Knowledge Review – National Geographic Dive
After reading the National Geographic Diver Almanac, please answer the following questions:

1. What unifies adventure, conservation, and exploration in diving?

Education
scientific and
2. The National Geographic Society is one of the world’s largest nonprofit
educational institutions that supports vital exploration, conservation, research,
and education programs.

3. The National Geographic Society’s current focus is guided by a keen awareness that our
need protection
natural resources and that better educating youngsters is key to the
planet’s future.
4. The worldwide PADI organization is dedicated to: (choose all that apply)
■ a. quality diver education programs
■ b. preserving the aquatic environment
■ c. protecting our underwater cultural heritage
■ d. diver safety

5. Diving on a wreck provides an opportunity to: (choose all that apply)

■ a. delve into the past and learn about maritime history
■ b. explore an artificial aquatic life habitat
❑ c. collect ancient souvenirs and salvage sunken maritime history treasures
❑ d. safely swim into an overhead environment

6. As a diver, you can help protect the world’s coral reefs by: (choose all that apply)
■ a. Controlling your buoyancy and securing your equipment to avoid accidental contact
■ b. Using a camera to bring back memories and leaving everything else in place
■ c. Not purchasing souvenirs made from coral or any endangered species
■ d. Choosing resorts and tour operators that follow good environmental practices

7. What issues most affect the stability of marine mammal populations?

Fishing and hunting practices, oil spills, plastic garbage, pollution,

and noise pollution
8. True or False? Sharks are key predators that play a vital role in balancing the complex aquatic
food chain and need to be protected.
■ True ❑ False
9. List at least four activities that divers enjoy at freshwater dive sites.

1. Artifact collecting
2. Visiting submerged structures or forests
3. Drifting down rivers
4. Ice diving
5. Aquatic life identification
10. In the future, underwater scientists hope to discover: (choose all that apply)
■ a. the origins of life – history and evolution
■ b. new medicines
■ c. new energy sources
■ d. how to more effectively conserve the aquatic world

Adventure Dive: National Geographic

Skills Overview
• Knowledge Review
• Weight System Assembly
• Briefing
• Suiting Up
• Predive Safety Check
• Entry
• Buoyancy Check
• Descent – Neutral Buoyancy
• Hover
• Exploration Project
• Ascent – Safety Stop
• Exit
• Debrief
• Log Dive – Complete Adventure Dive Training Record
Name ___________________________________________________________ Date ______________

Knowledge Review – Night Dive

To the student diver: Answer the following questions and bring this completed Knowledge Review
with you to your next training session.

1. What’s the recommendation regarding the use of new or unfamiliar equipment on a night
dive?

When possible, avoid using unfamiliar equipment on night dives.

2. List three uses for marker lights and where you would attach them for those uses.

1. Marking buddy’s location - on tank valve, snorkel, etc.

2. Marking boats/buoys - on anchor line, swim step, etc.
3. Marking ascent/descent lines - float, mid-line, near bottom, etc.
3. Describe what to consider when evaluating a potential night dive site.

Dive familiar sites; try to dive the site the day before the night dive.
Night dive when conditions are good
4. What are the six environmental conditions you should avoid when night diving?

1. Moderate to high surf

2. Moderate to strong currents
3. Poor visibility
4. Thick kelp – or other entanglements
5. Heavy surge
6. Overhead environments
5. What are four general night diving planning considerations?

1. Prepare equipment ahead of time in daylight

2. Eat a proper meal a few hours before the dive
3. Dive with familiar buddies
4. Bring a nondiver friend
6. Briefly describe what you should do if you experience stress, light failure, buddy separation or
disorientation while night diving.

a. Stress: Stop, think and then act; breathe slow, deep and regular
b. Light failure: Switch to backup light and signal your buddy
 c. Buddy separation: Look for glow of buddy’s light; search for one
minute, then surface
d. Disorientation: Without a reference line, hold on to your buddy, hug self,
watch your bubbles or look for the bottom in the visibility allows.
7. Briefly describe the procedures for entering the water at night from a boat and from shore.

Predive safety check: check lights and backups. From boat: check entry
area, turn on light, enter water, signal “okay.” Clear entry area. From
shore: check entry area with light, stay close to buddy, move quickly
through surf, be cautious where you step. Swim when water is deep
enough.
8. Describe the proper technique for descending and ascending at night so as to avoid disorienta-
tion and undue stress.

Use a reference line for both descent and ascent. Descend feet-first
pointing light downward to watch for bottom. During ascent, point
light upward watching above, swim slowly (18 metres/60 feet per min-
ute or slower).
9. List the methods of communication while night diving.

Rapping on tank. Waving light or moving light in a predetermined pat-

tern. Gently touch your buddy. Shining light on hand signals at waist
level. Using a slate. Using a whistle on the surface.
10. Briefly describe the navigation techniques to use at night to avoid disorientation and loss of
direction.

Dive site during the day. Before descent, take a compass heading to
shore or back to boat. Keep navigation patterns simple. Don’t stray far
from entry/exit and reference line.
Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my
ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely I’ve had explained
to me, and I understand what I missed.

Name _______________________________________________________________ Date ________________

Adventure Dive: Night

Skills Overview
• Knowledge Review • Navigation Exercise
• Briefing • Guided Tour (time/air pressure permitting)
• Suiting Up • Ascent – Safety Stop
• Predive Safety Check (BWRAF) • Exit
• Entry • Debrief
• Descent • Log Dive – Complete Adventure Dive
• Acclimatization on the Bottom Training Record
Name _______________________________________________________________ Date ______________

Knowledge Review – Peak Performance Buoyancy

To the student diver: Answer the following questions and bring this completed Knowledge Review
with you to your next training session.

1. Using the Basic Weighting Guidelines, estimate the amount of weight (based on your present
body weight), you want to begin a buoyancy check with if you plan to use:

a. Neoprene dry suit, 12 l/80 cf cylinder in salt water: (Varies)

b. 7mm/1/4in wetsuit with hood and boots, 12 l/80 cf cylinder in fresh water: (Varies)
c. 3mm/1/16in one piece wet suit, steel tank in salt water: (Varies)
2. Under what three circumstances should you conduct a buoyancy check before diving?

1. When I change dive equipment

2 When I change diving environments
3. When I haven’t been diving for a while
3. A buoyancy check at the surface includes five steps. Arrange the following into order by put-
ting a 1 next to the first, a 2 next to the second and so on.

5 As a test, exhale. You should sink slowly.

3 Hang vertical and motionless while holding a normal breath.

1 Put on all equipment.

2 Enter water too deep to stand, and deflate your BCD (and dry suit) completely.

4 Add or subtract weight until you float at eye level while holding a normal breath.

4. Select those instances in which you need to adjust buoyancy during a dive.
■ To compensate for buoyancy changes as you use your air.
■ To compensate for buoyancy changes due to exposure suit compression.
❑ To begin an ascent.
■ To compensate for increased buoyancy during ascent.

5. When you’re neutrally buoyant, you rise slightly as you inhale and sink slightly as you
exhale.

6. Proper weight and distribution give you greater control in the water.
7. List four reasons for being streamlined while diving.

1. Encourages an efficient kicking style

 2. Provides comfort
3. Reduces energy needed to move
4. Keeps equipment off the bottom
8. True or False. Overweighting drags down the lower half of your body, so you want to avoid be-
ing overweighted.

True
9. To improve your buoyancy control, visualization techniques can help you:
(Check all that apply.)
■ relax.
■ establish a comfortable breathing pattern.
■ move more gracefully through the water.

Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my abil-
ity and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely I’ve had explained to me,
and I understand what I missed.

Name ______________________________________________________________ Date _______________

Adventure Dive: Peak Performance Buoyancy

Skills Overview
• Knowledge Review
• Briefing
• Assembly of weight system
• Visualization practice
• Gearing Up
• Predive Safety Check
• Entry
• Predive buoyancy check
• Neutral buoyancy during slow descent
• Hovering practice
• Fine-tune with breath control
• Maneuver close to bottom – no touching
• Buoyancy game
• Ascent – safety stop
• Post-dive buoyancy check
• Exit
• Debrief
• Log Dive – Complete Adventure Dive Training Record
Name _______________________________________________________________ Date ______________

Knowledge Review – Search & Recovery Dive

To the student diver: Answer the following questions and bring this completed Knowledge Review
with you to your next training session.

1. Describe a recreational search and recovery diver.

Recreational search and recovery divers use simple equipment

to find small to medium objects within recreational depths and
environments.
2. List the six potential hazards of search and recovery diving.

1. Sharp objects and debris

2. Entanglement
3. Low visibility
4. Currents
5. Sinking recovered objects
6. Boat traffic
3. List the five general steps in planning a search and recovery dive.

1. Define objective
2. Collect and analyze information
3. Choose scuba or snorkel
4. Select a buddy or team
5. Briefing
4. Briefly describe when to use an expanded square and a U search pattern.

Expanded Square: Well-suited for finding medium-sized objects

missing in rough terrain in calm water.
“U” Search: Well-suited for finding small or larger objects primarily
in calm water over flat, unobstructed bottoms.
5. Briefly describe when to use and how to execute a circular rope search.

Useful for finding a small object in a small area, over a flat

bottom (even currents). One buddy stays in center, acts as pivot.
Searcher has other end of rope and swims circle around pivot
looking for object.
 6. Explain why you should never use your BCD for lifting objects.

Excess buoyancy could cause a runaway ascent if object is

dropped or breaks free.
7. Identify the weight at which use of a lift bag become mandatory.

4 kilograms/10 pounds
8. List three reasons why commercially-made lift bags should be used for recovering underwater
objects.

1. Constructed from heavy-duty materials

2. Have exhaust valves
3. Have loops, slings for rigging
9. Explain the procedures for controlling, rigging and lifting an object while using a lift bag.

Rig the bag to the object using a bowline, sheet bend or two half-
hitches knot. Attach marker buoy. Use alternate air source to fill
lift bag – use just enough air to lift off bottom for neutral buoy-
ancy. Position self away from bag – not under it during ascent.
10. Identify which air source should you use to filling a lift bag?

Alternate air source

Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my
ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely I’ve had explained
to me, and I understand what I missed.

Name ______________________________________________________________ Date _______________

Adventure Dive: Search and Recovery

Skills Overview
• Knowledge Review • Small Area Search
• Briefing • Large Area Search
• Practice Search Patterns on Land • Rigging and Lifting an Object – Ascent and
• Practice Object Rigging on Land Safety Stop

• Suiting Up • Exit

• Predive Safety Check (BWRAF) • Debrief

• Entry • Log Dive – Complete Adventure Dive

Training Record
• Descent
Name _______________________________________________________________ Date ______________

Knowledge Review – Underwater Naturalist

To the student diver: Answer the following questions and bring this completed Knowledge Review
with you to your next training session.

1. Define the terms “ecology” and “ecosystem.”

Ecology:

Study of the interrelationship of living things and their

environment.
Ecosystem:

The complex of living things and their environment functioning

as a unit.
2. List three physical/structural differences between aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial
ecosystems.

(Answers vary)
3. What’s the most common cause of aquatic animal “attacks”?

Defensive reactions
4. Describe an accurate view of potentially dangerous aquatic animals.

Animals rarely attack unprovoked. They do not attack out of

malice. Because we are vulnerable in the water, aquatic animal
attacks seem worse than they are. (answers may vary)
5. List four inaccurate ways people may perceive aquatic animals.

1. As dangerous and harmful

2. As harmless – much like domestic animals
3. As nonliving, inanimate objects
4. As having human characteristics
6. Explain how to interact passively with aquatic organisms.

Actions having least effect on aquatic life. Avoid touching and

handling, riding, spearfishing, gathering and feeding aquatic life.
Secure dangling equipment and use good diving techniques.
 7. Explain how and when you can responsibly touch or handle aquatic organisms.

May be done by those experienced with a particular organism.

Action should not interrupt its natural behavior.
8. Explain why you shouldn’t ride aquatic animals.

There are no circumstances in which it benefits the animal.

9. Why should divers avoid feeding aquatic animals?

Feeding aquatic animals disrupts normal behaviors. It causes

them to associate humans with food, and they may stop feeding
on natural prey. It can cause the fed species to overpopulate, and
to lose their natural fears. Animals can get sick from eating un-
natural foods, or suffer internal blockages by eating plastic con-
tainers.
10. Describe the dive techniques to use to preserve bottom dwelling organisms and to minimize
disturbing all aquatic life.

Stay neutrally buoyant – off the bottom in a horizontal position.

Minimize fin movement – use them gently. Rise off bottom to
kick hard.
Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my
ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely I’ve had explained
to me, and I understand what I missed.

Name ______________________________________________________________ Date _______________

Adventure Dive: Underwater Naturalist

Skills Overview
• Knowledge Review
• Briefing
• Gearing Up
• Predive Safety Check
• Entry
• Descent
• Identification of Aquatic Plant Life
• Identification and Observation of Aquatic Invertebrate Animals
• Identification and Observation of Aquatic Vertebrate Animals
• Ascent – Safety Stop
• Exit
• Debrief
• Log Dive – Complete Adventure Dive Training Record
Name _______________________________________________________________ Date ______________

Knowledge Review – Underwater Navigation

To the student diver: Answer the following questions and bring this completed Knowledge Review
with you to your next training session.

1. List five benefits of learning to navigate underwater.

1. Reduce confusion and anxiety.

2. Avoid long surface swims at the end of a dive.
3. Increase effectiveness of planning a dive.
4. Avoid buddy separation.
5. Conserve air.
2. Describe how to estimate distance with kick cycles and with elapsed time.
Kick cycles:
Each time both your legs complete one fin stroke.
Elapsed time:
Measure how long it takes to cover a fixed distance. Swim at a
normal relaxed pace preferably timing with a digital or sweep
second hand stopwatch.
3. List four predive observations that can assist you with natural navigation.

1. Waves, currents and tidal movement

2. Sun angle
3. Offshore objects and formations
4. Fathometer readings
4. Describe how to descend so as to benefit natural navigation.

Feet-first; facing the direction you intend to travel

5. What six natural references can help you navigate during a dive?

1. Light and shadows

2. Water movement
3. Bottom composition and formations
4. Bottom contour
5. Plants and animals
6. Noise
6. To maintain an accurate heading, describe how to hold and swim with an underwater com-
pass.

Hold compass squarely in front. Keep lubberline centered with

body’s centerline, looking over the compass face. Keep compass
level and needle inside the index marks on the bezel.
7. Describe how to set a compass heading and how to set a reciprocal heading.
a. Setting a heading:
Point lubberline in desired direction of travel, rotate bezel
until index marks are set over compass needle.
b. Setting a reciprocal (return) heading:
First turn bezel so that the index marks are 180 degrees from
original heading. Next, turn your body so the compass needle
centers between index marks.
8. List several tips for using your compass.

Trust the compass. Use natural references. Practice on land. Allow

for effects of currents. Be prepared to navigate around obstacles.
Share responsibilities midwater. Understand the limits. Swim
slowly.
Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my
ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely I’ve had explained
to me, and I understand what I missed.

Name _________________________________________________________ Date ______________

Adventure Dive: Underwater Navigation

Skills Overview
• Knowledge Review • Navigate a Straight Line and its Recipro-
• Compass Use on Land cal Underwater Using a Compass

• Briefing • Navigate a Square Pattern Underwater

Using a Compass
• Suiting Up
• Ascent – Safety Stop
• Predive Safety Check (BWRAF)
• Exit
• Entry
• Debrief
• Descent
• Log Dive – Complete Adventure Dive
• Distance/Time-Estimation Swim Training Record
• Navigate a Straight Line Underwater
Using Natural Navigation Techniques
Name ___________________________________________________________ Date ______________

Knowledge Review – Underwater Photography

To the student diver: Answer the following questions and bring this completed Knowledge Review
with you to your next training session.

1. List six ways to overcome light loss and four ways to overcome color loss underwater:
Light loss:
1. Take pictures with sun overhead
2. Take pictures in clear, bright water
3. Use a strobe
4. Use high-speed film
5. Take pictures in shallow water
6. Get close to subject
Color loss:
1. Get close
2. Stay shallow
3. Use a color-correcting filter
4. Use a strobe
2. Define “depth of field” and explain the relationship between aperture and depth of field.

How much of the scene, from front to back, is in focus. The smaller
the aperture (high f/number) the greater the depth of field.
3. Write three equivalent exposures for the two examples provided.

f/16 at 1/60 = f/11 at 1/125 = f/8 at 1/250 = f/5.6 at 1/500

f/8 at 1/30 = f/5.6 at 1/60 = f/4 at 1/125 = f/2.8 at 1/250
4. Describe how to set a nonautomatic light meter and how to program the electronics of an au-
tomatic camera for proper exposures.

Nonautomatic:Set film ISO number, set desired shutter speed and

match meter needle by turning f/stop.
Automatic: Change ISO settings or use provided controls.
5. Explain how to bracket exposure with nonautomatic and automatic cameras.

Nonautomatic: Vary shutter speeds or f/stops or strobe distance.

Automatic: Change ISO settings or use provided controls.
 6. Describe the differences between a TTL strobe and a manual strobe, and explain how to set a
camera for proper exposure with each.

TTL strobe couples with camera’s electronic automatic exposure

device. Manual strobes have no automation. Set camera on “A”
to get proper exposure with a TTL strobe. Manual strobe requires
camera set at synchronization speed (1/60 or 1/90) and f/stop
set by test roll data or exposure guide.
7. Describe the best way to aim a strobe, and how to hold a camera to avoid blurring and paral-
lax error.

Aim strobe on bracket (for new photographers). Positioned off

to side from 45 degree angle. Steady camera with both hands,
squeeze trigger slowly and steadily.
8. Define “photographic composition” and describe basic principles for better composition.

The arrangement of objects in a photograph. Image completeness,

clear foreground, clear background, subject direction, subject posi-
tion and complimentary colors are basic principles.
9. Describe the recommended five-step procedure for removing, inspecting, cleaning, lubricating
and replacing an O-ring.

Remove O-ring – without sharp objects. Wipe clean – using soft

cloth and inspect. Lubricate O-ring – thin coat. Clean groove. Re-
seat O-ring carefully.
10. The most important step in caring for underwater photo equipment is to rinse it in cool
fresh water immediately after a dive.

Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my
ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely I’ve had explained
to me, and I understand what I missed.

Name ______________________________________________________________ Date _______________

Adventure Dive: Underwater Photography

Skills Overview
• Knowledge Review • Expose a Complete Roll of Film (macro or still-life photos)
• Briefing • Ascent – Safety Stop
• Prepare and Assemble Underwater • Exit
Camera System • Debrief
• Gearing Up • Post-Dive Care and Disassemble Underwater
• Predive Safety Check Camera System
• Entry • Log Dive – Complete Adventure Dive Training Record
• Descent
Name _______________________________________________________________ Date ______________

Knowledge Review – Underwater Videography

To the student diver: Answer the following questions and bring this completed Knowledge Review
with you to your next training session.
1. Explain why the combination of a wide angle lens and dome port gives you the best sharpness,
color and focus.

Dome allows wide lens to stay wide, you get close and reduce
amount of water light travels through preserving sharpness and
color. Wide lenses have great depth of focus, so you don’t need to
focus it much or at all.
2. What is the best general angle for all-round underwater videography?

Get close to and slightly below your subject, shooting with an up-
ward angle.
3. List four common errors to avoid while shooting underwater videos:

1. Failing to hold the shot.

2. Holding a shot too long.
3. Moving the camera rapidly.
4. Shotgun videotaping everything without thought.
4. Describe how to prepare and check an underwater video system.

[The answer will be specific to the system to some degree, but

should include maintaining O-rings and settings for focus, expo-
sure and filters.] Check by operating all functions and immersing
and watching for bubbles or moisture in the housing.
5. Describe post-dive care for an underwater video system.

Immediately immerse the system in fresh water, agitating gently

for 30 seconds to 1 minute. If making another dive, change the
battery and tape if needed, and maintain O-rings. If not, disas-
semble and store in a cool, safe place.
6. Explain how to enter/exit the water with a video system.

From boats, have someone hand you the system after you enter,
or suspend if from a line to retrieve after you enter. You can also
put it on the swim step. After the dive, hand the system up, put
on the line for retrieval after you’re aboard, or put on the swim
step. From shore, use a wrist lanyard and cover the lens port. Do
 not set the system down in the sand. If conditions are bad, don’t
take the system diving.
7. Explain how video systems may affect buoyancy, drag and air consumption.

They may make you more buoyant or less buoyant, and they add
drag. This can make you use your air faster as you swim around
with the system.
8. How often should you check your gauges when shooting underwater videos?

You should check your air, depth, time and direction about twice
as often when diving with a video system as when diving without
one.
9. What should you do with a video system in a diving emergency, such as having to assist a
buddy who’s out of air?

In an emergency, ditch the video system.

10. Explain what to do if a video system has a major flood, and why.

Make a normal ascent. There is no urgency because a flooded

camcorder is usually beyond repair.
Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my
ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely I’ve had explained
to me, and I understand what I missed.

Name ______________________________________________________________ Date _______________

Adventure Dive: Underwater Videographer

Skills Overview
• Video system preparation • holding takes five to twelve seconds,
• Briefing depending on subject – all shots
• Gearing Up • camera motion very slow and steady
• Predive Safety Check all camera moves
• Entry – retrieve video system • checking depth, time, air supply and
location frequently – throughout dive
• Descent
• maintaining proper buoyancy
• Shooting with video system (assigned or
– throughout dive
student-selected subjects; all students
• Ascent
should practice each of the following)
• standing • Safety stop
• sitting • Exit
• kneeling • Post dive procedures
• lying • Video system disassembly
• swimming • Debriefing and review video
• holding steady – at all times • Log Dive – Complete Adventure Dive
• staying close to subjects, using upward angle Training Record
Name _______________________________________________________________ Date ______________

Knowledge Review – Wreck Dive

To the student diver: Answer the following questions and bring this completed Knowledge Review
with you to your next training session.

1. List two reasons why artifact recovery is discouraged when wreck diving.

1. Wrecks that are stripped are much less interesting.

2. Historical wrecks must be left undisturbed for research
purposes.
2. Explain why divers must pay close attention to local laws before planning a wreck dive.

A permit may be required and it may be illegal to either dive on the

wreck or remove artifacts.
3. Describe how to avoid the following potential hazards common to wrecks:
Sharp objects:
Wear protective coverings and use good buoyancy control.
Entanglement:
Watch where you go, avoid swimming into or under potential
entanglement, carry a knife
4. List five dive planning and equipment considerations for wreck diving deeper than 18
metres/60 feet.

1. PADI Deep Diver training

2. Extra tank at 5 metres/15 feet
3. Nitrogen narcosis
4. Short time limits
5. Become trained as a PADI Enriched Air Diver
5. List two reasons for obtaining a local orientation to an unfamiliar wreck before diving on it.

1. Dive techniques vary on wrecks

2. Unique hazards or points of interest
6. Explain why special training and equipment are necessary for shipwreck penetration. In your
explanation, include the five hazards of entering a wreck.

Special training is necessary because it is extremely hazardous.

You can lose direction, there’s no direct access to surface,
restricted passages, falling objects and silt.
7. List three aspects of a wreck that should be evaluated when diving on it.

1. Possible hazards
2. Points of interest
3. General condition
8. Describe the three methods of navigating on a shipwreck.

1. Following the wreck’s layout

2. Feature reference
3. Using a base line
Student Diver Statement: I’ve completed this Knowledge Review to the best of my
ability and any questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely I’ve had explained
to me, and I understand what I missed.

Name ______________________________________________________________ Date _______________

Adventure Dive: Wreck

Skills Overview
• Knowledge Review
• Briefing
• Suiting Up
• Predive Safety Check (BWRAF)
• Entry
• Descent
• Navigating the Wreck
• Returning to Ascent Point
• Ascent – Safety Stop
• Exit
• Debrief
• Log Dive – Complete Adventure Dive Training Record