IS Document

Document No. :: IITGN-WB-EQ6-V1.
0
Draft Report: IS 13920 Solved Examples
IITGN – World Bank Project on Seismic Codes
Explanatory Examples on Ductile Detailing of

RC Buildings
by
Dr. R K Ingle
Dr. O R Jaiswal
Department of Applied Mechanics
Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
Nagpur
Dr. Sudhir K Jain

Dr. Svetlana Brzev
Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
Gandhinagar
 This document has been made available as a “Draft for Comment” and is not
ready for use. It is still under development as a part of the ongoing World Bank
- sponsor project on Improving Seismic Resilience of Built Environment in
India, at the Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar.
 The solved examples presented in this document have been developed to
illustrate the provisions of IS: 13920 (2016) or the provisions that are proposed
herein as the case may be. Some of the examples were developed and presented
earlier in IITK-GSDMA Project on Building Codes at IIT Kanpur
(https://www.nicee.org/IITK-GSDMA_Codes.php) and have been suitably
modified wherever appropriate.
 The views and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily
of the World Bank, IIT Gandhinagar, VNIT Nagpur or the Bureau of Indian
Standards.
 Comments and feedbacks may please be forwarded to: Prof. Sudhir K Jain, IIT
Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, email: skjain@iitgn.ac.in
CONTENTS
Sl.
Title Page No.
No
1. Beam Design of an RC Frame Building in Seismic Zone V 1
2. Example Dropped 11
3. Interior Column Design of an RC Frame Building in Seismic 12
Zone V
4. Interior Column-Beam Joint Design for Zone V 21
5. Interior Column-Beam Roof Joint Design for Zone-V 30
6. Exterior Column Design of an RC Frame Building in Seismic 38
Zone V
7. Exterior Column -Beam Joint Design for Zone V 48
8. Example Dropped 57
9. Shear Wall Design for a Building in Seismic Zone III 58
10. Solid Shear Wall design for Building in Seismic zone V 61
11. Coupled Shear Wall Design for a Building in Zone V 69
Examples on IS 13920
Example 1 — Beam Design of RC Frame building in Seismic Zone V
Problem Statement:
A ground plus four storey RC office building of plan dimensions 19 m x 10 m (Figures 1.1-1.3) located in
seismic zone V on medium soil is considered. It is proposed to design a beam AB as shown in Figure 1.5as
per recommendations of IS 13920:2016.
Solution:
Preliminary Data
Plan of the building and sectional elevations of different RC frames are shown in Figures 1.1-1.3. The sizes
of the beams and columns are given in Table 1.1. Figure 1.4 shows beam-loading diagram for dead load and
live load, respectively, on an intermediate frame in the transverse direction.
A
C2 C1 C1 C1 C1 C2
5
B C1 C3 C3 C3 C3
C1
5
C C2 C1 C1 C1 C1 C2
X
1 2 3 4 5 6
4 4 3 4 4
Figure 1.0 Plan of building (All dimensions in meters)
Table 1.1 Schedule of member sizes

Column Beam
C1 300 x 500 RB1, FB1 300 x 600
C2 400 x 400 RB2, FB2 300 x 500
C3 400 x 500 PB1 300 x 400
PB2 300 x 350
Slab thickness: 125
Note: All dimensions in mm.
IITGN-WB-EQ6-V1.0 Example 1/Page 1

Roof RB1 Roof RB1
3
4th FB1 4th FB1
3
3rd FB1 3rd FB1
3
2nd FB1 2nd FB1
3
1st FB1 1st FB1
3
GL PB1 GL PB1
1.5
1.5
C2 C1 C2 C2 C1 C2
5 5 5 5
Figure 1.1 Elevation of frame A, B & C Figure 1.3 Elevation of transverse frame 1&6
a. Dead Load b. Live Load

Figure 1.4 Loading diagram for an intermediate frame 2-5
General
Brick wall on internal beams = 150 mm thick
Other relevant data are as follows:
Density of concrete = 25 kN/m3
Grade of concrete: M25
Density of brick wall including plaster = 20 kN/m3
Grade of steel = Fe 415
Live load on roof = 1.5 kN/m2 (Nil for earthquake) Load Combinations
Live load on floors = 3 kN/m2 (25% for
Load combinations are considered as per IS
earthquake)
456: 2000 and are given in Table 1.2. EQX implies
Roof finish = 1 kN/m2 earthquake loading in X direction and EQY stands
for earthquake loading in Y direction.
Floor finish = 1 kN/m2
The emphasis here is on showing typical
Brick wall on peripheral beams = 230 mm thick
calculations for ductile design and detailing of

Examples on IS 13920:2016
building elements subjected to earthquakes. In two symmetrical spans, calculations need to be

practice, wind load should also be considered in performed for one span only.
lieu of earthquake load and the critical of the two
load cases should be used for design.
Beams parallel to the Y direction are not
significantly affected by earthquake force in the X
direction (except in case of highly unsymmetrical
buildings), and vice versa. Beams parallel to Y
direction are designed for earthquake loading in Y
direction only. Torsion effect is not considered in
this example.
Table 0.2 Load combinations for earthquake
loading
S.No. Load Combination DL LL EQ
1 1.5DL+1.5LL 1.5 1.5 -
2 1.2(DL+LL+EQX) 1.2 1.2 +1.2
3 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) 1.2 1.2 -1.2
4 1.2(DL+LL+EQY) 1.2 1.2 +1.2
5 1.2(DL+LL-EQY) 1.2 1.2 -1.2
6 1.5(DL+EQX) 1.5 - +1.5
7 1.5(DL-EQX) 1.5 - -1.5 Figure 1.5 Beam ABC
8 1.5(DL+EQY) 1.5 - +1.5
9 1.5(DL-EQY) 1.5 - -1.5 Member Forces
10 0.9DL+1.5 EQX 0.9 - +1.5 For the beam AB, force resultants for various load
11 0.9DL-1.5 EQX 0.9 - -1.5 cases and load combinations have been obtained
12 0.9DL+1.5 EQY 0.9 - +1.5 from computer analysis and are summarized in
13 0.9DL-1.5 EQY 0.9 - -1.5 Table 1.3 and Table 1.4 which show force
resultants for different load combinations; with the
Note: IS 1893 (Part 1):2002 suggests reduced live
maximum values to be used for design being
loads to be used in load combinations. However,
underlined.
this clause has been dropped in of IS 1893 (Part 1):
2016. As the beam under consideration is parallel to Y
direction, earthquake loads in Y direction
Design of Middle Floor Beam are predominant and hence the 13 load
combinations of Table 1.2 reduce to 7 as shown in
Beam marked ABC in Figure 1.5 for frame 2 is
Table 1.4
considered for design. Since the beam consists of
Table 1.3 Force resultants in beam AB for various load cases

Load Left end Centre Right end
Case
Shear Moment Shear Moment Shear Moment
(kN) (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m)
DL -51 -37 4 32 59 -56
LL -14 -12 1 11 16 -16
EQY 79 209 79 11 79 -191

Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)
Table 1.4 Force resultants in beam AB for different load combinations

S.No. Load Combination Left end Centre Right end
1 1.5DL+1.5LL -98 -74 8 65 113 -108
2 1.2(DL+LL+EQY) 29 192 101 65 185 -316
3 1.2(DL+LL-EQY) -173 -310 -89 38 -5 143
4 1.5(DL+EQY) 42 258 125 65 207 -371
5 1.5(DL-EQY) -195 -369 -113 32 -30 203
6 0.9DL+1.5 EQY 73 280 122 45 172 -337
7 0.9DL-1.5 EQY -164 -347 -115 12 -65 236
= 600 – 30 – 8 – 20 – (20/2)
Various Checks
= 532 mm.
Check for Axial Stress
Minimum reinforcement
Factored axial force = 0.00 kN
f ck 0.24  25
Factored axial stress = 0.0 MPa < 0.08 fck = 0.24 
fy 415
Hence, design as flexural member.
(Clause 6.1; IS 13920:2016) = 0.29%.
= 0.29 x 300 x 532/100
Check for Member Size
Width of beam, B = 300 mm > 200 mm, = 462 mm2
Hence, ok (Clause 6.1.2; IS 13920:2016) (Clause 6.2.1(b) of IS 13920: 2016)
Depth of beam, D = 600 mm Maximum reinforcement

= 2.5%
B 300
  0.5 > 0.3, hence ok = 2.5 x 300 x 532 /100
D 600
(Clause 6.1.1; IS 13920:2016) = 3,990 mm2
Span, L = 5,000 mm (Clause 6.2.2 of IS 13920: 2016)
L 5,000 Design for Flexure

  8.33 > 4, hence ok
D 600 Table 1.5 shows, in brief, the reinforcement
(Clause 6.1.3 of IS: 13920:2016) calculations at left end, centre and right end of the
beam AB as per IS 13920:2016. Design aid SP: 16
Check for Limiting has been used for this purpose. Detailed
Longitudinal Reinforcement calculations at left end are given in the following
Effective depth for moderate exposure conditions sections. In actual practice, a spread sheet can be
with 20 mm diameter bars assuming in two layers used conveniently.
on an average

1.7.1 Design for Hogging Moment bf = width of flange

Mu = 369 kN-m Lo
=  bw  6d f or c/c of beams
Mu 369  10 6 6
  4.35
bd 2 300  532  532 0.7  5000
=  300  6  125 Or 4,000
Referring to Table-51 of SP: 16, 6
For d’/d = 68 / 532 = 0.13, we get = 1,633 mm or 4,000 mm
Ast at top = 1.48 % = 1,633 mm (lowest of the above)
= 1.48 x 300 x 532 /100 (Clause 23.1.2 of IS 456: 2000)
= 2,363 mm2 Substituting the values and solving the quadratic

equation, we get
> Minimum reinforcement (463
mm )2
< Maximum Ast at bottom = 1,501mm2 > 415 mm2
reinforcement (3,990 mm2) < 3,990 mm2
Asc at bottom = 0.31 % It is necessary to check the design assumptions
But Asc must be at least 50% of Ast, hence, revise to before finalizing the reinforcement.
1.48/2 = 0.74 % 0.87 f y Ast
xu 
(Clause 6.2.3 of IS: 13920:2016) 0.36 f ck b f
Hence, Asc at bottom
0.87  415  1512
= 0.74 x 300 x 532 /100   37.44 mm
0.36  25  1633
= 1,182 mm2
< df ok
1.7.2 Design for Sagging Moment
< xu,max i.e. < 255 mm ok
Mu = 280 kN-m
Asc at top = not required.
The beam is designed as T beam. The limiting
capacity of the T-beam assuming xu < Df and xu But Asc must be at least 50% of Ast hence,
< xu,max may be calculated as follows. revise to 1,501 /2 = 751 mm2
Ast f y (Clause 6.2.3 of IS 13920: 2016)
M u  0.87 f y Ast d (1  )
b f d f ck 1.7.3 Required reinforcement
(Annex G of IS 456: 2000) Top reinforcement required is larger of 2,363mm2
and 751 m2. Hence, provide 2,363 mm2.
Where,
Bottom reinforcement required is larger of
Df = depth of flange 1,182 mm2 and 1,501 mm2. Hence, provide
= 125 mm 1,501 mm2.
xu = depth of neutral axis
Details of Reinforcement
xu,max = limiting value of neutral axis Table 1.6 shows summary of reinforcement
= 0.479 x d provided at left end, at centre, and at right end of
the beam AB.
= 0.479 x 532 A total of 3-16 straight bars each are provided
= 255 mm throughout the length of the beam at both top and
bottom. 5-20+1-16 extra at top (i.e., a total of
bw = width of rib
1.487 %) and 3-20 extra at bottom (i.e., a total of
= 300 mm 0.97%) are provided at the left end. At the right

end, i.e., over the central support, 5-20 + 1-16 are calculated on the basis of the actual area of steel
extra at top (i.e. a total of 1.487%) and 1-20 + provided in the section.
2-16 extra at bottom (i.e. a total of 0.83%) bars The beam is provided with a steel area of 2,374
are provided. mm2 (i.e., pt =1.487 %) at top and 2,689
In an external joint, both the top and bottom bars mm2 (i.e. pc = 0.97%) at bottom on the left end of
of the beam shall be provided with an anchorage the beam.
length beyond the inner face of the column equal For pt = 1.487% and pc = 0.97%, referring to Table
to the development length in tension + 10 times bar 51 of SP: 16, (for pt = 1.487% or pc = 0.97%
diameter minus the allowance for 90 degree bend whichever gives lowest value in the table),
(Clause 6.2.5 of IS 13920:2016) as shown in
Ah
Figure 1.6. Mu
= 4.38
bd 2
Hogging moment capacity at A,
MuAh = 4.38 x 300 x (532)2/(1 x 106) = 372 kN-m
The limiting moment carrying capacity of a beam
section can also be evaluated from the first
principle. This method is iterative but gives more
appropriate values of Mu.
For calculation of MuAs, the tensile steel pt = 0.97%
and compressive steel pc = 1.487% is used. The
contribution of the compressive steel is ignored
while calculating the sagging moment capacity as
T-beam. Referring to Annex G of IS: 456-2000,
sagging moment capacity at A for xu < Df and xu <
Figure 1.6 Anchorage of reinforcement bars in xu,max may be calculated as given below.
an external joint
Ast f y
In this case, for Fe415 steel and M25 grade MuAs = M u  0.87 f y Ast d (1  )
b f d f ck
concrete, from Table 65 of SP: 16,
ld = 40.3  + 10  - 8  = 42.3  = 288 kN-m
= 846 mm for 20  bar Similarly, for the right end of the beam we obtain,
= 677 mm for 16  bar MuBh = 372 kN-m and MuBs = 247 kN-m,
Design for Shear
Shear is calculated as below:
Shear Force Due to Plastic Hinge Formation at
 1.4( M u  Mu )
As Bh
the ends of the Beam Vswaytoright =
L
The additional shear due to formation of plastic
hinges at both ends of the beams is evaluated as per = 1.4 (288 + 372) / 5
clause 6.3.3 of IS 13920:2016 and is given by
= 185 kN
 1.4 ( M u  Mu
As Bh
)
 Mu )
Ah Bs
Vswaytoright = 1.4( M u
L Vswaytoleft = 
L
 1.4 ( M u  Mu )
Ah Bs
Vswaytoleft = = 1.4(372 + 247)/5
L
= 174 kN
The sagging and hogging moments of resistance
(MuAs, MuBs, MuAh and MuBh) at both ends of beam

Table 1.5 Flexural design for beam AB

Beam AB Top reinforcement
Left end Center Right end
Hogging
moment -369 - -371
(kN-m)
-Mu/bd2 4.35 - 4.37
Ast at top
1.48% -
1.487%
Asc at
0.31% 0.31%
bottom
< 1.487/2 < 1.487/2
-
Hence revise to 0.74% Hence revise to 0.7435%
(Clause 6.2.3; IS13920: 2016) (Clause 6.2.3; IS13920: 2016)
Bottom reinforcement
Sagging
moment 280 65 236
(kN-m)
Ast at Ast required = 1501 mm2 Ast required = 341 mm2 Ast required = 1259 mm2
bottom = 0.94% = 0.213% = 0.79 %
< 0.29% > 1.487/2
> 1.48/2 i.e.
< 1.487 /4 > 0.75 %
0.73 ok.
= 0.372
ok.
%, Hence revise to
0.372%
(Clause 6.2.1(b) and

6.2.4 of IS13920: 2016)
Asc at top 0.94/2 = 0.47 % 0.372/2 = 0.185 % 0.79/2 = 0.395%
< 0.29% < 1.47/4=0.372% > 0.26%
< 1.48/4=0.37% Hence, revise to > 1.47/4=0.37% ok
ok 0.372%.
Summary of required reinforcement
Top = 1.48% Top = 0.372% Top = 1.487%
Bottom = 0.94% Bottom = 0.372% Bottom = 0.79%
Table 1.6 Summary of reinforcement for beam AB
Beam AB Longitudinal Reinforcement
Left end Center Right end
Top 3-16 straight + 3-16 straight 3-16 straight + 5-20 +1-16
reinforcement 5-20 +1-16 extra Steel Provided = 603 extra
Steel Provided = 2,374 mm2 mm2 Steel Provided = 2,374 mm2
i.e. 1.487% i.e. 0.378% i.e. 1.487%
Bottom 3-16 straight 3-16 straight + (2-16+1-20)
reinforcement 3-16 straight + 3-20 extra
2 Steel Provided = 603 extra
Steel Provided = 1,545 mm
mm2 Steel Provided =1,319 mm2
i.e. 0.97%
i.e. 0.378% i.e. 0.83%

Figure1.7 Shear diagram

Design Shear = 269 kN
Referring to the dead and live load diagrams Shear at right end for sway to left,
(Figure 1.4),
1.2( DL  LL) 1.4( M u  M u )
Ah Bs
Vu,b = 
DL = Trapezoidal dead load + Wall and self load 2 L
= 16.5 x (1 + 5) /2 + 10.575 x 5 = 1.2 x (103 +36) /2 - 174
= 103 kN = 91 kN
LL = 12 x (1 + 5) / 2 = 36 kN Figure 1.7 shows the shear force diagram for the
Figure 1.7 shows the shear force diagram due to beam considering plastic hinge formation at ends.
DL, LL and due to hinge formation at the ends of As per Clause 6.3.3 of IS 13920:2016, the design
beam. shear force to be resisted shall be the maximum of:
Shear at left end for sway to right, i) Calculated factored shear forces as per analysis
(Refer Table 1.4)
1.2( DL  LL) 1.4( M u  M u
As Bh
)
Vu,a =  ii) Shear forces due to formation of plastic hinges
2 L
at both ends of the beam plus factored gravity load
= 1.2 x (103 +36) /2 - 185 on the span (as calculated in Section 1.9.2)
= 102 kN Hence, design shear force (Vu) will be 258 kN
Shear at left end for sway to left, (maximum of 195 kN from analysis and 258 kN
corresponding to hinge formation) for left end of
1.2( DL  LL) 1.4( M u  M u )
Ah Bs
the beam and 269 kN (maximum of 269 kN and
Vu,a = 
2 L 207 kN) for the right end.
= 1.2 x (103 +36) /2 + 174 From analysis, the shear at the mid-span of the
beam is 125 kN. However, shear due to
= 258 kN
formulation of plastic hinges at both the ends of the
Shear at right end for sway to right, beams has been calculated as 185 kN and 174 kN.
Hence, the design shear at centre of the span is
1.2( DL  LL) 1.4( M u  M u
As Bh
) taken as 185 kN.
Vu,b = 
2 L
The required capacity of shear reinforcement at the
= 1.2 x (103 +36) /2 + 185 left end of the beam is:

Vus =258 kN Spacing of links over a length of 2d at either end

of beam as per Clause 6.3.5 of IS13920: 1993 shall
Similarly the, required capacity of shear
be the least of:
reinforcement at the right end and at mid-span is
269 and 185 kN, respectively. i) d/4 = 532 /4 = 133 mm
Vus/d = 258/53.2 (cm) = 4.85 and referring to Table ii) 6 times diameter of smallest bar
62 of SP:16, we get the required spacing of 2
= 6 x 16 = 96 mm
legged 10 stirrups as 115 mm at left and right end
and 2 legged 8  stirrups 105mm at center. iii) 100 mm
As per Clause 6.3.5.2 of IS 13920:2016, the Hence, provide 2 Legged - 10  stirrups @95 mm
spacing of stirrups in the middle portion shall not c/c at left and at right end over a length of 2d = 2 x
exceed d/2 = 532/2 = 266 mm. 532 = 1,064 mm.
Minimum shear reinforcement as per Clause Elsewhere, provide stirrups 2 Legged - 8  stirrups
26.5.1.6 of IS 456:2000 is given by: @105 mm centers.
Sv = Asv x 0.87 fy /(0.4 b) In case of splicing of reinforcement, the spacing of
links shall be limited to 150 mm centers as per
= 2 x 50 x 0.87 x 415 / (300 x 0.4)
clause 6.2.6.1 of IS 13920:2016.
= 300 mm. <0.75 d = 0.75 x 532 = 399 mm
The reinforcement detailing is shown in Figure
1.8.
Figure 1.8 Reinforcement details for the beam ABC
for the two cases i.e. detailing as per IS 13920:1993

Impact of Ductile Detailing on Bill of and detailing as per IS 13920:2016. For the
Quantities purpose of comparison, only the steel between c/c
To compare the impact of ductile detailing (as per of columns is considered and anchorage length of
IS 13920:2016) on the bill of quantities, the beam bars is not taken into account. The length of
under consideration has been redesigned as per IS stirrups considered is 1.71 m [(600-30-30+300-30-
13920:1993. 30)x2+75x2]. The number of stirrups
approximately calculated as length/spacing.
Table 1.7 compares the quantity of reinforcement

Table 1.7 Comparison of bill of quantities for steel in the beam ABC
Description Detailing as per Detailing as per
IS 13920: 1993 IS 13920: 2016
Steel required in kg Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse
98.1 24 98.1 43
Total steel in kg 122.1 141.1
Ratio 1.0 1.16
Note: In 2016 version of the code, shear contribution of concrete is ignored. Hence, the shear reinforcement
is much higher now as compared to 1993 version of IS 13920 code.
Effect of Finite Size Correction (Rigid offset)
As mentioned in the problem, the effect of finite size joint corrections (i.e. rigid
offsets at member ends) has been ignored in the analysis. In case, the designer
wishes to take advantage of the finite size joint correction, care shall be taken
to model the same in the static analysis. The results with finite size joint widths
to the analysis are presented in Table 1.3a. The results without and with finite
size corrections can be compared from Tables 1.3 and 1.3a respectively.
However in the detailed calculations shown in this example, this correction has
been ignored.
Table 1.3a Force resultants in the beam AB for various load cases with
Finite Size Correction
Load Left end Center Right end
Case
DL -48 -29 4 28 55 -45
LL -14 -10 0 10 16 -13
EQY 83 191 83 8 83 177

Example 2 has been dropped for draft report.

Example 3 — Interior Column Design of RC Frame Building in Seismic

Zone V
1. Problem Statement
For the ground plus four storey RC office building. Design of an interior column element as per IS 13920:2016
is explained here. The column marked AB in Figure 3.1 for frame 2 is considered for design.
BT
600
B
BB
300
AT
600
A
AB
300
400
Z
500
Y
Figure 3.1 Column location in elevation
Solution
3.1 Load Combinations Since the column must be designed for earthquake
in both X direction and Y direction, all 13 load
Load combinations derived from combinations as shown in Table 1.4 (Example-1)
recommendations of Clause 6.3.1 of IS 1893 (Part need to be considered. It is necessary to check the
1):2016 and given in Table 1.4 of Example-1 are column for each combination of loads. Checking
considered for analysis. the column for all load combinations at all the
sections is indeed tedious if carried out by hand.
3.2 Force Data Hence, a computer program is best suited for
For column AB, the force resultants for various column design. In the absence of a computer
load cases and load combinations are shown in program, one can make a judgment of which two
Tables 3.1 and 3.2. or three load cases out of the thirteen may require
the maximum reinforcement and design
In case of earthquake in X direction, column gets a accordingly.
large moment about Y axis and a small moment Referring to Table 3.2, it can be observed that out
about X axis due to gravity, minimum eccentricity of the various load combination, one design load
and torsional effect. Similarly earthquake in Y combination with earthquake in either (X or Y)
direction causes a large moment in column about direction can be identified, which is likely to be
X axis and a small moment about Y axis. Column critical. These critical design forces are
needs to be designed as a biaxial member for these summarised in Table 3.3. Table 3.4 and Table 3.5
moments.

Pu M2 M3 and summarised in Table 3.6. The detailed

give factors such as , , and
2
f ck bD f ck b D f ck bD 2 calculations are shown in Section 3.4. Table 3.1
Using these factors and the charts given in SP: 16, Force resultants in column AB for different load
the required maximum reinforcement is calculated cases
Table 3.1 Force resultants in column AB for different load combinations

Load AB AT BB BT
case
Axial M2 M3 Axial M2 M3 Axial M2 M3 Axial M2 M3
(kN) (kN-m) (kN- (kN) (kN- (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN-
m) m) m)
-961 1 0 -764 -1 0 -749 1 0 -556 -1 0
DL
-241 0 0 -185 0 0 -185 0 0 -131 1 0
LL
-22 169 0 -11 -169 0 -11 173 0 -4 -148 0
EQx
0 0 -198 0 0 191 0 0 -194 0 0 166
EQy

AB AT BB BT
M2 M3 M2 M3 M2 M3 M2 M3
Axial Axial Axial Axial
Load Combinations (kN- (kN- (kN- (kN- (kN- (kN- (kN- (kN-
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kN)
m) m) m) m) m) m) m) m)
1.5(DL+LL) -1803 2 0 -1424 -2 0 -1401 2 0 -1031 0 0
1.2(DL+LL+EQX) -1252 204 0 -986 -204 0 -968 209 0 -711 -179 0
1.2(DL+LL-EQX) -1199 -202 0 -959 202 0 -941 -206 0 -702 177 0
1.2(DL+LL+EQY) -1226 1 -238 -972 -1 229 -954 1 -233 -707 -1 199
1.2(DL+LL-EQY) -1226 1 238 -972 -1 -229 -954 1 233 -707 -1 -199
1.5(DL+EQX) -1475 255 0 -1163 -255 0 -1140 261 0 -840 -224 0
1.5(DL-EQX) -1409 -252 0 -1130 252 0 -1107 -258 0 -828 221 0
1.5(DL+EQY) -1442 2 -297 -1146 -2 287 -1124 2 -291 -834 -2 249
1.5(DL-EQY) -1442 2 297 -1146 -2 -287 -1124 2 291 -834 -2 -249
0.9DL + 1.5 EQX -898 254 0 -704 -254 0 -691 260 0 -506 -223 0
0.9DL - 1.5 EQX -832 -253 0 -671 253 0 -658 -259 0 -494 221 0
0.9DL + 1.5 EQY -865 1 -297 -688 -1 287 -674 1 -291 -500 -1 249
0.9DL - 1.5 EQY -865 1 297 -688 -1 -287 -674 1 291 -500 -1 -249
3.3 Design Checks (Lowest at At or Bb among all load combination is

considered)
6.1.1. Check for Axial Stress
Lowest factored axial force = 658 kN Factored axial stress = 6,58,000 / (400 x 500)

= 3.29 MPa > 0.08 fck (Clause 26.5.3.1 of IS 456: 2000)

= 3.29 MPa < 0.4 fck
Maximum reinforcement = 4%
Hence, design as a column member.
(Limited from practical considerations)
(Clause 7.1; IS 13920:2016)
= 4 x 400 x 500/100
6.1.1. Check for member size
Width of column, B = 400 mm  300 mm = 8,000 mm2
Hence, ok (Clause 26.5.3.1 of IS 456: 2000)
Also, minimum dimension of column = 400 mm  5.1 Design of Column

20 times the largest diameter of beam longitudinal
reinforcement = 20 x 20 = 400 ok 6.1.1. Sample Calculation for Column
(Clause 7.1.1 of IS 13920:2016) Reinforcement at AB End
First approximate design is done and finally it is
Clause 7.1.1 requires minimum column dimension checked for all force combinations. Calculations
as 20 db. This implies that with 400 wide column, for load combination 1.5 (DL+EQX) are explained
the beams cannot have more than 20 mm diameter below.
reinforcement bars.
(a) Approximate Design
Depth of column, D = 500 mm In this case, the moment about one axis dominates
B 400 and hence the column is designed as an uniaxially
  0.8 > 0.4, hence ok loaded column. The column is oriented in such a
D 500
way that depth of column is 400 mm for X
(Clause 7.1.2; IS 13920:2016) direction earthquake and 500 mm for Y direction
Span, L = 3,000 mm earthquake force.
The effective length of column can be calculated Design for Earthquake in X-direction
using Annex E of IS 456: 2000. However, in this
example as per Figure 27 of IS 456:2000, the Pu = 1,475 kN
effective length is taken as minimum 1.2 times the Mu2 = 255 kN-m
unsupported length.
Pu 1,475  10 3
L (3000  500)  1.2   0.295
  7.5 < 12, f ck bD 25  400  500
D 400
i.e., Short Column. Hence ok. M u2 255  106
  0.13
(Clause 25.1.2 of IS 456: 2000) f ck bD 2 25  500  400  400
In case of slender column, additional moment due
Referring to Charts 44 and 45 of SP16
to P- effect need to be considered.
For d’/D = (40 + 25 / 2) / 400 = 0.13, we get p/fck =
0.105
6.1.1.Check for Limiting Design for Earthquake in Y-direction
Longitudinal Reinforcement
Pu = 1,442 kN
Minimum reinforcement,
Mu2 = 297 kN-m
= 0.8 %.
Pu 1,442  103
= 0.8 x 400 x 500/100   0.29
f ck bD 25  400  500
= 1,600 mm2

Mu2 297  106 Mu

 0.136
  0.12
fck bD 2 25  400  500  500 f ck bD 2
Referring to Charts 44 of SP16 Mu2,1 = 0.136 x 25 x 400 x 400 x 500/(1x106)

For d’/D = (40 + 25 / 2) /500 = 0.105, we get p/fck
= 0.082 = 272 kN-m
Longitudinal Steel Mu3,1 = 0.136 x 25x 400 x 500 x 500/(1x106)
The required steel will be governed by the higher = 340 kN-m
of the above two values and hence, take p/fck =
0.105 Puz = 0.45fck Ac + 0.75fy Asc
Required steel = (0.105 x 25) %
= 2.625 % (Clause 39.6 of IS 456:2000)
= 2.625 x 400 x 500 /100 = 0.45fck Ag + (0.75fy-0.45 fck ) Asc
= 5250 mm2
Let us provide 8-25 + 4-20 bars with total = 0.45 x 25 x 400 x 500 + (0.75 x 415 –
Asc provided = 5183 mm2 0.45 x 25) x 5183
i.e., 5183 x100 /(400 x 500) = 2.59%. Puz = 3805 kN
Hence, p/fck provided = 2.59/25 = 0.104 Pu/Puz = 1,475 /3805 = 0.39
(b) Checking of Section The constant n which depends on factored axial

compression resistance Puz is evaluated as
The column should be checked for bi-axial
moment. Moment about other axis may occur due 0.39  0.2
to torsion of building or due to minimum n = 1.0 + (2.0  1.0) =1.31
0.8  0.2
eccentricity of the axial load.
Using the interaction formula of clause 39.6 of IS
Checking for Critical Combination with 456: 2000)
Earthquake in X Direction (Longitudinal
direction) n n
 Mu2  M   255 
1.31 1.31
 29.5 
    u3     
Width = 500 mm; Depth = 400 mm  M u 2,1   M u 3,1   272   340 
Pu = 1,475 kN
Mu2 = 255 kN-m = 0.92 +0.04
Eccentricity = Clear height of column/500 = 0.96 < 1.00
+ lateral dimension / 30
Hence, ok
(Clause 25.4 of IS 456:2000)
Checking for Critical Combination with
= ((3,000-500) / 500) + (400 / 30) Earthquake in Y Direction (Transverse
Eccentricity= 18.33 mm < 20 mm direction)
Hence, design eccentricity = 20 mm Width = 400 mm; Depth = 500 mm
Pu = 1,442 kN
Mu3 = 1,475 x 0.02 = 29.5 kN-m
Mu3 = 297 kN-m
Pu
For  0.30 and p/fck= 0.104, and referring
f ck bD Eccentricity = clear height of column /500 +
lateral dimension / 30
to Charts 44 and 45 of SP: 16, we get
= ((3,000-600)/500) + (500 / 30)

Eccentricity = 21.46 mm > 20 mm n n

 M u2   M u3   31 
1..30
 297 
1.30
     
Mu2 = 1,442 x 0.02146 = 31 kN-m
 M u 2,1   M u 3,1   300   375 
Pu
For  0.29 and p/fck= 0.104, = 0.0523+0.7388
f ck bD
= 0.791<1.00
Referring to Chart 44 of SP: 16, we get
Hence, ok
M u 2,1
 0.15 5.1 Details of Longitudinal Reinforcement
f ck bD 2
Similar to the sample calculations shown in
Mu2,1 = 0.15 x 25 x 400 x 400 x 500/(1x10 ) 6 Section 3.4.1, the steel required at AT, BB and BT is
calculated. The Tables 3.4 and 3.5 show brief
= 300 kN-m calculations at AB, AT, BB and BT locations. The
column at joint A should have higher of the
Mu3,1 = 0.15 x 25 x 400 x 500 x 500/(1x106) reinforcement required at AB and AT, and hence
= 375 kN-m 2.5% steel is needed. Similarly, higher of the
reinforcement required at BB and BT, i.e. 2.5% is
Puz = 3805 kN needed in the column at joint B.
Figure 3.2 shows the reinforcement in the
n = 1.3 column along with the steel provided in the
Using the interaction formula transverse and longitudinal beams.
Table -3.3 Critical forces for design of column AB

Load AB AT BB BT
Combination P M2 M3 P M2 M3 P M2 M3 P M2 M3
Gravity -
-1,803 2 0 -1,424 -2 0 -1,401 2 0 0 0
[1.5(DL+LL)] 1,031
Critical comb
-
with EQX -1,475 255 0 -1,163 -255 0 -1,140 261 0 -840 0
224
[1.5(DL+EQX)]
Critical comb
with EQY -1,442 2 -297 -1,146 -2 287 -1,124 2 -291 -834 -2 249
[1.5(DL+EQY)]
Table- 3.4 Design of column AB for earthquake in X direction

Load AB AT BB BT
Comb Pu M2 p Pu M2 p Pu M2 p Pu M2 p
f ck bD 2 2 2 2
f ck b D f ck bD f ck b D f ck bD f ck b D f ck bD f ck b D
Gravity 0.36 0.00 0.8 -0.28 0.00 0.8 -0.28 0.00 0.8 0.20 0.00 0.8
Critical
comb 0.30 0.13 2.5 0.23 0.13 2 0.23 0.13 2.0 0.17 0.12 1.8
with
EQX

Table- 3.5 Design of column AB for earthquake in Y direction

Load AB AT BB BT
Comb Pu M3 p Pu M3 p Pu M3 p Pu M3 p
f ck bD f ck bD 2 f ck bD f ck bD 2 f ck bD f ck bD 2 f ck bD f ck bD 2
Critical
comb 0.29 0.12 1.9 0.23 0.12 1.8 0.23 0.12 1.8 0.17 0.1 1.4
with
EQY
Note: b = 400 mm and D = 500mm
Table 3.6 Summary of reinforcement for column AB
Column AB Longitudinal
Reinforcement
Reinforcement 8-25 +4-20
at A Steel provided =
5,183 mm2 i.e.,
2.59%
Reinforcement 8-25+ 4-20
at B Steel provided=
5183 mm2 i.e.,
2.59%
Figure 3.2 Reinforcement details of longitudinal and transverse beam
Table - 3.7 Shear forces in column AB for different load combinations

AB AT BB BT
Load Combination EQX EQY EQX EQY EQX EQY EQX EQY
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN)
1.5(DL+LL) 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.2(DL+LL+EQX) 0 -133 0 -137 0 -137 0 -122
1.2(DL+LL-EQX) 0 132 0 136 0 136 0 121
1.2(DL+LL+EQY) 149 0 154 0 154 0 136 0
1.2(DL+LL-EQY) -149 0 -154 0 -154 0 -136 0
1.5(DL+EQX) 0 -167 0 -171 0 -171 0 -153
1.5(DL-EQX) 0 166 0 170 0 170 0 152
1.5(DL+EQY) 186 -1 192 -1 192 -1 171 -1

1.5(DL-EQY) -186 -1 -192 -1 -192 -1 -171 -1

0.9DL + 1.5 EQX 0 -167 0 -171 0 -171 0 -153
0.9DL - 1.5 EQX 0 166 0 170 0 170 0 152
0.9DL + 1.5 EQY 186 0 192 0 192 0 171 0
0.9DL - 1.5 EQY -186 0 -192 0 -192 0 -171 0
5.1 Design for Shear Vu

6.1.1. Shear Capacity of Column
Assuming 25% steel provided as tensile steel to br
hst Mu bl Mu
be on conservative side, Ast = 2.59%/4=0.65,
permissible shear stress  c = 0.545 MPa
(Table 19 of IS 456: 2000) Vu
Considering lowest Pu = 658 kN, we get br bl
Mu + Mu
Vu = 1.4
hst
3Pu
Multiplying factor =  = 1  =1.40 < 1.5
Ag f ck
Figure 3.3 Column shear due to plastic hinge
(Clause 40.2.2 of IS 456: 2000) formation in beams
 c = 0.545 x 1.40 = 0.763 MPa
Referring to Figure 3.3, the shear force
Effective depth in X direction = 400-40-25/2 = corresponding to plastic hinge formation in the
347.5 mm longitudinal beam is evaluated as:
Vc = 0.763x 500 x 347.5 /1,000 = 133 kN
 Mu
bl br
1.4 (M u )
Vu =
Effective depth in Y direction = 500-40-25/2 = hst
447.5 mm
= 1.4 x (300 +227) /3
Vc = 0.763x 400 x 447.5 /1,000 = 137 kN
= 246 kN
Earthquake in Y-Direction
6.1.1. Shear As Per Analysis
As per Table 3.7, the maximum factored shear The transverse beam of size 300 x 600 is reinforced
force in X and Y direction is 192 and 171 kN, with 3-16 str + 5-20 + 1-16 extra (2,374 mm2,
respectively. i.e., 1.485%) at top and 3-16 str + 3-20 extra
(1545 mm2, i.e., 0.978%) at bottom. The hogging
6.1.1. Shear Force Due to Plastic Hinge and sagging moment capacity is evaluated as 380
Formation at Ends of Beam kN-m and 257 kN-m, respectively.
Earthquake in X-Direction
The longitudinal beam of size 300 x 500 is corresponding to plastic hinge formation in the
reinforced with 4-20 extra + 5-16 str (2,261 transverse beam is
mm2, i.e., 1.74%) at top and 3-20 extra + 4-16
 Mu
bl br
str (1,746 mm2, i.e., 1.34%) at bottom. The 1.4 (M u )
Vu =
hogging and sagging moment capacities are hst
evaluated as 300 kN-m and 227 kN-m,
respectively.

1.4  (380  257) 6.1.1. Confining Links

=
3 The area of cross section, Ash , of the bar forming
rectangular hoop, to be used as special confining
= 297 kN reinforcement shall not be less than
6.1.1. Design Shear  0.18  S v  h  f ck  Ag 
The design shear force for the column shall be the    1
fy  Ak 
higher of the calculated factored shear force as per Ash = max of 
analysis (Table 3.7) and the shear force due to  0.05  S  h  f
plastic hinge formation in either of the transverse  v ck
 fy
or the longitudinal beam.
(Clause7.5; IS 13920:2016) (Clause 7.6.1(c) of IS 13920:2016)
h = longer dimension of the rectangular
The design shear in X direction is 246 kN which is link measured to its outer face
the higher of 192 kN and 246 kN. Similarly, the
design shear in Y direction is 297 kN which is the = ((500 – 40 – 40 – 25) /3 + (8 x 2)) + 25)
higher of 171 kN and 297 kN. = 172 mm, or
5.1 Details of Transverse ((400 – 40 – 40- 25)/2 +(8 x 2) +25) =188.5

Reinforcements mm,
6.1.1. Design of Links in X Direction Whichever is higher, i.e,. h = 188.5 mm.

Vs = Vu - Vc Ag = 400 x 500 = 2,00,000 mm2
= 246 – 133 = 113 kN . Ak = (400- 2 x 40 +2 x 8) x (500- 2 x 40 +2 x 8)
Spacing of 4 Legged 8  Links = 336 x 436
4  50  0.87  415  347.5 = 1,46,496 mm2
= = 222 mm
113,000
Assuming 8 stirrup, Ash = 50 mm2
50 = max of
6.1.1. Design of Links in Y Direction  0.18  S v  188.5  25  2,00,000 
   1
Vs = Vu - Vc
 415  1, 46, 496 
= 297 -137= 160 kN  0.05  S v  188.5  25

Spacing of 3 legged 8  Links
 415
3  50  0.87  415  447.5 66

= = 151 mm Sv = min of 
1,60,000 88
6.1.1. Nominal Links we get Sv = 66 mm.

The spacing of hoops shall not exceed half the least Link spacing for confining zone shall not exceed
lateral dimension of the column i.e., 400/ 2 = 200 6 times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal
mm. reinforcement bars = 6x20 = 120 mm
(Clause 7.4.2; IS 13920:2016) (Clause 7.6.1(b) of IS 13920:2016)
Provide 8  links @ 150 c/c in middle portion of
the column.

Provide 8 confining links @ 65 mm c/c for a 5.1 Observations

distance lo (Refer Figure 3.4), which shall not be The following are the few changes in designing of
less than: column using IS 13920:2016 as compared with IS
13920:1993.
a. Larger lateral dimension = 500 mm
b. 1/6 of clear span = (3000 – 500) / 6 = 417 mm i. The minimum dimension of column is 300
mm or 20db (in the direction of beam),
c. 450 mm whichever is more. Whereas in IS
(Clause 7.6.1 (a) of IS 13920:2016) 13920:1993 minimum dimension of
column was 200 mm except span of
adjoining beam exceeding 5 m or
Provide confining reinforcement for a distance of unsupported column length is 4 m, the
lo = 500 mm on either side of the joint. [Refer shortest column dimension shall not be
Figure 3.4] less than 300 mm.
ii. Minimum grade of concrete is M25
depending on height of building, seismic
zone and as per IS 456:2000 based on
exposure conditions. As against this in IS
13920:1993 minimum grade of concrete
suggested was M20.
iii. The design of beam-column joint i.e.
flexural check and shear check are
introduced in IS 13920:2016. This
check was absent in IS 13920:1993.
CAUTION
Note, however, that the column designed above has
not been checked for requirements related to the

joint region, as per IS 13920:2016. These

provisions are illustrated in other examples and
may require modifications in column size and / or
Figure 3.4 Reinforcement details for column longitudinal reinforcement.

Example 4 – Interior Beam – Column Joint Design for Zone -V

Problem Statement:
Detailed design of an interior joint as per IS 13920:2016 is explained for the ground plus four storey RC office
building.
Solution:
4.1 Preliminary Data
The joint of column marked in Figure 4.1 for Frame 2 is considered for design as per guidelines of IS
13920:2016. The plan of the building and the sectional elevations of a typical RC frame is shown in Figures
4.1 and 4.2.
A
C2 C1 C1 C1 C1 C2
5
B C1 C3 C3 C3 C3
C1
5
C C2 C1 C1 C1 C1 C2
X
1 2 3 4 5 6
4 4 3 4 4
Figure 4. 1 Plan of building (All dimensions in meters)

Transverse
beam
600
500
300 300
Longitudinal beam
Section
300
300
500
400 Longitudinal beam

Plan

4.2. Design Data Vcol

The details of the column and beam reinforcement
meeting at the joint are shown in Figure 4.3.
hst Ms Mh
Vcol
Mh + Ms
Vcol = 1.4
hst
Figure 4.5 Column with sway to right

Figure 4.3 Reinforcement details for column
and beams.
Vcol
The transverse beam of size 300 x 600 is reinforced
with 5-20 + 4-16 (2,374 mm2, i.e., 1.487%) at
top and 1-20 + 5-16 (1,319 mm2, i.e., 0.83%) hst Mh Ms
at bottom. The hogging and sagging moment
capacity is evaluated as 380 kN-m and 257 kN-m,
respectively.
Vcol
The longitudinal beam of size 300 x 500 is
reinforced with 4-20 + 5-16 (2,261 mm2, i.e. Mh + Ms
Vcol = 1.4 hst
1.74%) at top and 3-20 + 4-16 (1,746 mm2 i.e.
1.34%) at bottom. The hogging and sagging
moment capacity is evaluated as 300 kN-m and Figure 4.6 Column with sway to left
227 kN-m, respectively.
4.3 Check for Earthquake in Y-Direction For both the above cases,
 M  Mh 
4.3.1 Joint Shear Vcol  1.4  s 
The joint shear equilibrium is shown in Figure 4.4  hst 
 380  257 
Vcol  1.4   
 3 
C2 T = 297 kN
1
4.3.3 Force Developed in Beam Reinforcement
Figures 4.7 and 4.8 show the development of
forces in the joint due to beam reinforcement, for
sway to right and left, respectively.
VJoint Force developed in the top bar
Figure 4.4 Joint shear T1 = Ast x 1.25 x fy
4.3.2 Column Shear = 2,374 x 1.25 x 415 /1,000
The column shear is as explained below. (Refer
Figures 4.5 and 4.6 for sway to right and left = 1,231 kN = C1
conditions respectively). The factor 1.25 is to account for the actual ultimate
strength being higher than the actual yield strength.
(clause 9.1.2(b) of IS 13920:2016)

i) bj = bb + 2x
P
MA T ii) bj = bb + hc
Vcol
C2 = T2 T1 = A st x 1.25 f y
Ms Mh
C1 = T1
T = A st x 1.25 f y
2
Vcol
MAB
Sway to right
Figure 4.7 Free body diagram of the joint

Figure 4.9 Effective width for joint
P
MA T bj = (bb + 2x)
Vcol
= (300 + 2x50)
T2 = A st x 1.25 f y
C1 = T1
Mh Ms = 400 mm
C2 = T2
T = A x 1.25 f y
1 st
Or
Vcol
MA B bj = (bb+hc)
P
= 300 + 500 = 800 mm
Sway to left
(where, hc = depth of column in considered
Figure 4.8 Free body diagram of the joint direction = 500 mm )
Force developed in the bottom bar Adopt lesser of the two values i.e. bj = 400 mm
T2 = Ast x 1.25 x fy wj = effective width of joint along the direction of
considered force
= 1,319 x 1.25 x 415 /1,000
wj = 500 mm
= 684 kN = C2
At joint resisting shear = Aej = bj wj
Referring to Figure 4.4,
VJoint = T1 + C2 – Vcol
Shear strength = 1.5 f ck Aej
= 1,231 + 684-297
Shear strength of joint confined on all four faces,
= 1,618 kN as per clause 9.1.1 of IS 13920:2016
Maximum value of T1 and minimum value of Vcol
= 1.5 x 25 x 400 x 500 /1,000
are used in the above equation.
= 1,500 kN < 1,618 kN
4.3.4 Check for Joint Shear Strength
The effective width provisions for joints are shown Hence, not Safe.
in Figure 4.9. The calculation of the effective width
4.3.5 Check for Flexural Strength Ratio
of the joint and the design shear strength of the
joint is based on the clause 9.1.1 of IS 13920:2016. The hogging and sagging moment capacities of the
transverse beam are as 380 kN-m and 257 kN - m,
The effective width of the joint is lesser of the respectively. The column is reinforced with 8 -
25 +4 - 20 bars with total Asc = 5,183 mm2 i.e.

5,183 x 100 / (400 x 500) = 2.59 %. combinations using the design PM interaction
curve. (Clause 7.2.1.1 of IS 13920:2016
p/fck = 2.59 / 25 = 0.104The design moments of
resistance of column shall be estimated for
factored axial forces arising in all load
Table 4.1 Flexural capacity of section in Y direction of joint for each load combination
Section of joint  AT AB
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x)
𝑀
𝑀 Muy ∑Mc = ∑MC
Load Axial 𝑃𝑢 Axial 𝑃𝑢 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷2 Muy
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷2 (kN- (iv) + ∑ 𝑀𝑏
Combinations (kN) 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 (kN) 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 (SP (kN-m)
(SP 16) m) (viii)
16)
1. 1.5(DL+LL) -1424 0.285 0.138 345 -1803 0.361 0.133 332.5 677.5 -
2. 1.2(DL+LL+EQX) -986 0.198 0.150 375 -1252 0.250 0.189 472.5 847.5 -
3. 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) -959 0.192 0.148 370 -1199 0.240 0.192 480 850 -
4. 1.2(DL+LL+EQY) -972 0.195 0.149 372.5 -1226 0.245 0.190 475 847.5 1.33
5. 1.2(DL+LL-EQY) -972 0.195 0.149 372.5 -1226 0.245 0.190 475 847.5 1.33
6. 1.5(DL+EQX) -1163 0.233 0.146 365 -1475 0.295 0.139 347.5 712.5 -
7. 1.5(DL-EQX) -1130 0.226 0.145 362.5 -1409 0.282 0.142 355 712.5 -
8. 1.5(DL+EQY) -1146 0.229 0.145 362.5 -1442 0.288 0.145 362.5 725 1.13
9. 1.5(DL-EQY) -1146 0.229 0.145 362.5 -1442 0.288 0.145 362.5 725 1.13
10. 0.9DL + 1.5 EQX -704 0.141 0.150 375 -898 0.180 0.148 370 745 -
11. 0.9DL - 1.5 EQX -671 0.134 0.147 367.5 -832 0.166 0.149 380 740 -
12. 0.9DL + 1.5 EQY -688 0.138 0.149 372.5 -865 0.173 0.149 372.5 745 1.17
13. 0.9DL - 1.5 EQY -688 0.138 0.149 372.5 -865 0.173 0.152 372.5 752.5 1.18
Note : b= width of column = 400 mm

Mc T
D = Depth of column = 500 mm (dimension
parallel to EQ direction i.e. in Y-direction)
Using SP 16 and Pu/fckbd2 of each load Ms A Mh
combination, the moment carrying capacity of the
column is evaluated and shown in Table 4.1. As
per Figure 4.10, the joint is checked for strong
column - weak beam condition. Mc B
P
Referring to Figure 4.10, the joint is checked for
strong column - weak beam.
Figure 4.10 Check for strong column -
weak beam condition
Table 4.1 shows that, the ratio of ∑MB/∑MC less
than 1.4 for all the load combinations. Hence,
requirement of strong column-weak beam

condition as per IS 13920 is not satisfied and needs or bj = bb + hc = 300 + 400 = 700 mm
redesign.
(Clause 7.2.1 of IS 13920:2016) direction = 400 mm )
4.4 Check for Earthquake in X Direction Adopt lesser of the two values i.e. bj = 500 mm
4.4.1. Joint Shear Refer Figure 15 of IS 13920:2016.

The joint shear equilibrium is shown in Figure wj = effective width of joint along the direction of
4.4. considered force
4.4.2. Shear due to formation of plastic hinge wj = 400 mm
in beams
Referring to Figure 4.5 and 4.6, for both the cases, Shear strength of joint confined on all four faces,
as per clause 9.1.1 of IS 13920:2016
 M  Mh 
Vcol  1.4  s  Shear strength = 1.5 f ck Aej
 hst 
 300  227 
 1.4    = 1.5 x 25 x 500 x 400 /1000
 3 
= 246 kN = 1,500 kN < 1,832 kN
4.4.3. Force Developed in Beam Hence not safe.

Reinforcement
(Clause 9.1.1 of IS 13920:2016)
T1 = Ast x 1.25 x fy
4.4.5 Check for flexural strength ratio
= 2,261 x 1.25 x 415/1,000 The limiting hogging and sagging moments
capacity of the longitudinal beam is 300 kN-m and
Referring to Figures 4.7 and 4.8, we get, 227 kN-m, respectively. The column is reinforced
= 1,173 kN = C1 with 8 - 25+4-20 bars.
T2 = Ast x 1.25 x fy i.e Ast = 5,183 x 100 / (400 x 500) = 2.59 %.

= 1,746 x 1.25 x 415/1,000 p/fck = 2.59 / 25 = 0.103
= 905 kN = C2 The design moments of resistance of column shall
be estimated for factored axial forces arising in all
The joint shear is evaluated considering maximum
load combinations using the design PM interaction
T1 and minimum Vcol.
curve. (Clause 7.2.1.1 of IS 13920:2016)
Here, ∑MB= 300+227 = 527 kN
= 1,173 + 905-246
Note: b= width = 500mm and D =depth of
= 1,832 kN
column = 400 mm (Dimension parallel to Eq
4.4.4 Check for joint shear strength
direction i.e. X—direction)
bj = (bb +2x)
= (300 + 2x100) = 500

Table 4.2 Flexural capacity of section in X direction of joint for each load combination
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x)
𝑀
𝑀 ∑Mc = ∑MC
Load Axial 𝑃𝑢 Muy Axial 𝑃𝑢 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷2 Muy
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷2 (iv) ∑ 𝑀𝑏
Combinations (kN) 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 (kN-m) (kN) 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 (SP (kN-m)
(SP 16) +(viii)
16)
1. 1.5(DL+LL) -1424 0.285 0.150 300 -1803 0.361 0.140 280 580 -
2. 1.2(DL+LL+EQX) -986 0.198 0.155 310 -1252 0.250 0.148 296 606 1.15
3. 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) -959 0.192 0.153 306 -1199 0.240 0.146 292 598 1.13
4. 1.2(DL+LL+EQY) -972 0.195 0.154 308 -1226 0.245 0.147 294 602 -
5. 1.2(DL+LL-EQY) -972 0.195 0.154 308 -1226 0.245 0.147 294 602 -
6. 1.5(DL+EQX) -1163 0.233 0.153 306 -1475 0.295 0.150 300 606 1.15
7. 1.5(DL-EQX) -1130 0.226 0.154 308 -1409 0.282 0.148 296 604 1.15
8. 1.5(DL+EQY) -1146 0.229 0.151 302 -1442 0.288 0.149 298 600 -
9. 1.5(DL-EQY) -1146 0.229 0.151 302 -1442 0.288 0.149 298 600 -
10. 0.9DL + 1.5 EQX -704 0.141 0.153 306 -898 0.180 0.148 296 602 1.14
11. 0.9DL - 1.5 EQX -671 0.134 0.152 304 -832 0.166 0.161 322 626 1.19
12. 0.9DL + 1.5 EQY -688 0.138 0.153 306 -865 0.173 0.162 324 630 -
13. 0.9DL - 1.5 EQY -688 0.138 0.153 306 -865 0.173 0.162 324 630 -
Using SP 16 and Pu/fckbd2 of each load longitudinal steel requirement in the column owing
combination, the moment carrying capacity of the to larger column size.
ii) Increase the size of the beam section. If this
per Figure 4.10, the joint is checked for strong
column - weak beam condition. option is adopted, it is advisable to increase the
depth of the beam. This will reduce the steel
Table 4.2 shows that, the ratio of ∑MC/∑MB is less required in the beam and hence will reduce the
than 1.4 Hence, requirement of strong column- joint shear. In case of depth restriction in the beam
weak beam condition as per IS 13920:2016 is not restriction to depth, increase in beam width can be
satisfied. considered if the difference between the shear
strength of joint and joint shear is small.
(Clause 7.2.1 of IS 13920:2016)
iii) Increase the grade of concrete. This option will
4.5 Revision increase the shear strength of joint and also reduce
As can be seen from the checks in section 4.3.2 and the steel required in columns.
4.4.2 the joint is not safe in shear as well as flexure
For enhancing the flexural check of joint following
check.
remedial measure can be adopted.
For enhancing the shear strength of joint following
i) Increase the column section so that the moment
remedial measure can be adopted. It may need
of resistance of the column increases. This will also
reanalyze the structure in few cases.
reduce the main longitudinal steel requirement in
i) Increase the column section so that the joint area the column owing to larger column size.
is increased. This will also reduce the main

ii) Increase the reinforcement in the column to Figure 4.11 Revised reinforcement details for
increase the moment of resistance of column. column and beams
It is proposed to increase the size of column from 4.5.1 Check for Earthquake in Y Direction
400 x 500 to 550 x 550. Member forces are taken
4.5.1.1 Check for Shear
as calculated earlier without reanalysis of the
structure. In practice the structure may be bj = (bb + 2x)
reanalysed.
= (300 + 2x125)
The column size is redesigned to 550 x 550 with
8-16 bars (1,608 mm2, 0.5315% steel) as main = 550 mm or
longitudinal reinforcement. This design is made bj= bb + hc
based upon the existing forces without reanalysis.
The value of p/fck = 0.0212 = 300 + 550
The Mc required in transverse direction is 637 x = 850 mm

1.4 = 892 kN-m and 1.4 x 527 = 738 kN-m in Adopt lesser of the two values i.e. bj = 550 mm
longitudinal direction.
wj = effective width of joint along the direction of
Hence required moment capacity for column is Mc considered force = 550 mm
= 892/2 = 446 kN-m in Y direction and 738/2 =
369 kN-m in X direction.
(Clause 7.2.1 of IS 13920:2016) = 1.5 x 25 x 550 x 550 /1,000
Using SP 16 the steel required to get the above = 2,268 kN >1,617 kN
moment capacity of column is calculated as 1.25%.
Hence revise the main longitudinal steel to 4-25 Hence, ok. (Clause 9.1.1 of IS 13920:2016
+ 8-20 bars (4,446 mm2, 1.48% steel). The
4.5.1.2 Check for Flexure (i.e strong column
revised reinforcement details are shown in weak beam) in both the direction
Figure 4.11.
Ast = 4,446 x 100 / (550 x 550) = 1.48 %.
The shear check in both direction is shown below.
p/fck = 1.48 / 25 = 0.05 , The design moments of
Table 4.3 shows check for flexure.
resistance of column shall be estimated for
While redesigning the column few load factored axial forces arising in all load
combinations may give an axial stress less than combinations using the design PM interaction
0.08 fck.. The section needs to be checked for curve. (Clause 7.2.1.1 of IS 13920:2016)
flexure in for these load combinations.
Form the Table 4.3 it is observed that, Mc/ Mb
is greater than 1.4 for all the load combinations.
Note : As the size of column is same in both the
directions, flexural capacity of column is
calculated in one direction only.
(Clause 7.2.1 of IS13920:2016)
4.5.2 Check for Earthquake in X Direction

4.5.2.1 Check for Shear
bj = (bb + 2x)
= (300 + 2x125)
= 550 mm or

bj= bb + hc = (550 – 40-40-20)/2 +8x2+20 = 261 mm

= 300 + 550 Ag = 550 x 550 = 3,02,500 mm2
= 850 mm Ak = (550-2 x 40 +2 x8) x (550- 2 x 40 +2 x 8)
Adopt lesser of the two values i.e. bj = 550 mm = 486 x 486
Shear strength = 1.5 f ck Aej = 2,36,196 mm2

Ash = 50 mm2
= 1.5 x 25 x 550 x 550 /1,000
 0.18  S v  261  25  3,02,500 
= 2,268 kN >1,840 kN    1
 fy  2,36,196 
50 = max
Hence, ok.  0.05  S  261  25
(Clause 9.1.1 of IS 13920:2016)
 v
 fy
4.5.2.2 Check for Flexure
62
Form the Table 4.3 it is observed that, Mc/ Mb Sv = min 
is greater than 1.4 for all the load combinations. 63
Sv = 60 mm
4.6 Confining Links
In this case with the column dimensions revised to Provide 8 confining links @ 60 mm c/c for a
550 x 550, the width of beam is 300 mm, which is distance lo , which shall not be less than:
less than 3/4 width of column i.e. 3/4 x 550 = 412 d. Larger lateral dimension where yielding can
mm. Hence, full confining reinforcement is occur = 600 mm
required in the joint.
e. 1/6 of clear span = 3000 / 6 = 500 mm
(Clause 9.2 of IS 13920:2016)
f. 450 mm
The spacing of links for the confining zone shall (Clause 7.6.1 (a) of IS 13920:2016)
not exceed 6 times diameter of smallest
longitudinal reinforcement bars = 6 x16 = 96 mm
Provide confining reinforcement for a distance
(Clause 7.6.1 (b) of IS 13920:2016) of lo = 600 mm on either side of the joint.
The area of cross section Ash of the bar forming
rectangular hoop to be used as special confining
reinforcement shall not be less than
 0.18  S v  h  f ck  Ag 
   1
fy  Ak 
Ash = max of 
 0.05  S  h  f
 v ck
 fy
(Clause 7.6.1 (c) of IS 13920:2016)

confining measured to its outer face

Table 4.3 Flexural capacity of section in X and Y direction of joint for each load combination
EQ EQ
in X in Y
direct direct
ion ion
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) (xi)
𝑀
𝑀 Muy Muy ∑Mc = ∑MC ∑MC
Load Axial 𝑃𝑢 Axial 𝑃𝑢 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷2
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷2 (kN- (kN- (iv) ∑ 𝑀𝑏 ∑ 𝑀𝑏
Combinations (kN) 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 (kN) 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 (SP
(SP 16) m) m) +(viii)
16)
1. 1.5(DL+LL) -1424 0.188 0.107 445 -1803 0.238 0.11 457 902 - -
2. 1.2(DL+LL+EQX) -986 0.130 0.105 436 -1252 0.166 0.12 499 935 1.77 -
3. 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) -959 0.127 0.106 440 -1199 0.159 0.125 519 959 1.81 -
4. 1.2(DL+LL+EQY) -972 0.129 0.105 436 -1226 0.162 0.125 519 955 - 1.49
5. 1.2(DL+LL-EQY) -972 0.129 0.105 436 -1226 0.162 0.125 519 955 - 1.49
6. 1.5(DL+EQX) -1163 0.154 0.125 519 -1475 0.195 0.12 499 1018 1.93 -
7. 1.5(DL-EQX) -1130 0.149 0.12 499 -1409 0.186 0.12 499 998 1.89 -
8. 1.5(DL+EQY) -1146 0.152 0.125 519 -1442 0.191 0.12 499 1018 - 1.60
9. 1.5(DL-EQY) -1146 0.152 0.125 519 -1442 0.191 0.12 499 1018 - 1.60
10. 0.9DL + 1.5 EQX -704 0.093 0.122 507 -898 0.119 0.13 540 1047 1.98 -
11. 0.9DL - 1.5 EQX -671 0.089 0.124 515 -832 0.110 0.135 561 1076 2.04 -
12. 0.9DL + 1.5 EQY -688 0.091 0.124 515 -865 0.114 0.13 540 1055 - 1.65
13. 0.9DL - 1.5 EQY -688 0.091 0.124 515 -865 0.114 0.13 540 1055 - 1.65

Example 5 – Interior Beam-Column Roof Joint Design for Zone-V

5. Problem Statement:
Detailed design as per of IS 13920:2016 of an interior roof joint in an intermediate RC frame is explained here
for the ground plus four storey RC office building.
As per clause 7.2.1.3 of IS 13920:2016, check at all the roof joints in building more than four storey is waived
off. However, this check is still performed here in the example to demonstrate the challenges at roof joint
which consists of two beams and one column.
Solution:
The joint of column marked in Figure 5.1 for Frame 2 is considered for design. The plan of the building and
the sectional elevation of a typical RC frame are shown in Figures 5.1 and 5.2.
A
C2 C1 C1 C1 C1 C2
5
B C1 C3 C3 C3 C3
C1
5
C C2 C1 C1 C1 C1 C2
X
1 2 3 4 5 6
4 4 3 4 4
Transverse
beam
600
500
300 300
Longitudinal beam
Section
300 Transverse
beam
300
500
400 Longitudinal beam

Plan

5.1 Design Data

The details of the column and beam reinforcement Column Shear
meeting at the joint are shown in Figure 5.3.
The column shear is evaluated as explained below.
Transverse beam 300 x 600 (Refer Figures 5.5 and 5.6 for sway to right and left
(7-12 # - Top steel condition respectively).
4-12 # - Bottom steel)
10-12 # + 4-16 #
Ms Mh
hst
2
500
400 Vcol
Longitudinal beam 300 x 500 Mh + Ms

(6-12 # - Top steel Vcol = 1.4
hst 2

and beams. Figure 5.5 Column with sway to right
The transverse beam of size 300 x 600 is reinforced
with 7-12 (791 mm2 , i.e., 0.48%) at top and 4-
12 (452 mm2 , i.e., 0.27%) at bottom. The Mh Ms
hogging and sagging moment capacity is evaluated hst
as 139 kN-m and 83 kN-m, respectively. 2
The longitudinal beam of size 300 x 500 is
reinforced with 6-12 (678 mm2 i.e. 0.510%) at Vcol
top and 4-12 (452 mm2 i.e. 0.34%) at bottom.
Mh + Ms
The hogging and sagging moment capacity is 105 Vcol = 1.4 hst 2
kN-m and 66 kN-m, respectively.
Figure 5.6 Column with sway to left

5.1 Check for Earthquake in Y Direction
For both the above cases,
6.1.1. Joint Shear
Figure 5.4 shows the joint shear equilibrium.  M  Mh 
Vcol  1.4  s 
 hst / 2 
Vcol
 139  83 
 1.4   
C2  3/ 2 
T1
= 207 kN
Force Developed in Beam Reinforcement

Figures 5.7 and 5.8 show the development of
sway to right and to left respectively.
VJoint Force developed in the top bars
Figure 5.4 Joint shear = 791 x 1.25 x 415 /1,000
= 410 kN = C1

The factor 1.25 is to account for the actual

ultimate strength being higher than the actual
yield strength (clause 9.1.2(b) of IS 13920:2016)
C2 = T2 T1 = A st x 1.25 fy
Ms Mh
C1 = T1
T = A st x 1.25 fy
2
Vcol
MA B
Sway to right
Figure 5.9 Effective widths for joint
bj = (bb + 2x)
Figure 5.7 Free body diagram of the joint
= 300 + 2x50
T2 = A st x 1.25 f y = 400 mm
C1 = T1
Mh Ms
C2 = T2 Or
T = A x 1.25 fy
1 st
Vcol
bj = (bb+hc)
MA B
P
= 300 + 500 = 800 mm
Sway to left
Figure 5.8 Free body diagram of the joint direction = 500 mm )
Force developed in the bottom bars Adopt lesser of the two values i.e. bj = 400 mm
T2 = Ast x 1.25 x fy wj = effective width of joint along the direction of

considered force
= 452 x 1.25 x 415 /1,000
wj = 500 mm
= 235 kN = C2 At joint resisting shear = Aej = bj wj
VJoint = T1 + C2 – Vcol Shear strength of joint confined on all four faces,
as per clause 9.1.1 of IS 13920:2016,
= 410 + 235-207
= 438 kN Shear strength = 1.5 f ck Aej
5.3.2 Check for joint shear strength = 1.5 x 25 x 400 x 500 /1,000
The effective width provisions for joints are
shown in Figure 5.9. = 1,500 kN > 438 kN
The calculation of the effective width and the Hence, ok.

design shear strength of the joint is based on the
draft revision of IS 13920:2016 5.3.3 Check for flexural strength ratio
The effective width of the joint is the lesser of: The hogging and sagging moment capacity of the
i) bj = bb + 2x transverse beam is evaluated as 139 kN-m and
ii) bj = bb + hc 83 kN-m, respectively.
The column is reinforced with 10 - 12 +

4 - 16 bars with total Asc = 1,934 mm2 i.e.
1,934 x 100 / (400 x 500) = 0.967%.

p/fck = 0.967 / 25 = 0.038 curve. As the force data at this particular joint is
not available the forces obtained at joint A of 1st
As per clause 7.2.1.1 of IS 13920:2016, the design
floor are used here for calculations,
moments of resistance of column shall be
estimated for factored axial forces arising in all Here, ∑MB= 139+83= 222 kN
Section of joint  AB
(v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (x)
𝑀 ∑MC
Axial 𝑃𝑢 Muy
Load Combinations 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷2 ∑ 𝑀𝑏
(kN) 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 (kN-m)
(SP 16)
1. 1.5(DL+LL) -1803 0.152 0.07 175 -
2. 1.2(DL+LL+EQX) -1252 0.153 0.0705 176.25 -
3. 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) -1199 0.154 0.071 177.5 -
4. 1.2(DL+LL+EQY) -1226 0.153 0.0705 176.25 0.75
5. 1.2(DL+LL-EQY) -1226 0.153 0.0705 176.25 0.75
6. 1.5(DL+EQX) -1475 0.147 0.069 172.5 -
7. 1.5(DL-EQX) -1409 0.148 0.0695 173.75 -
8. 1.5(DL+EQY) -1442 0.149 0.0695 173.75 0.78
9. 1.5(DL-EQY) -1442 0.149 0.0695 173.75 0.78
10. 0.9DL + 1.5 EQX -898 0.153 0.0705 176.25 -
11. 0.9DL - 1.5 EQX -832 0.154 0.071 177.5 -
12. 0.9DL + 1.5 EQY -865 0.152 0.07 175 0.78
13. 0.9DL - 1.5 EQY -865 0.152 0.07 175 0.78
Here, b= width of beam =400 mm

D= Depth of beam = 500 mm (dimension parallel
to EQ direction i.e. Y-direction) Ms A Mh
2
Using SP 16 and Pu/fckbd of each load
combination, the moment carrying capacity of the
per Figure 5.10, the joint is checked for strong MCB
column - weak beam condition.
P
Figure 5.10 Check for strong column -

weak beam condition
Table 5.1 shows that, the ratio of ∑MC/∑MB is less
than 1.4 Hence, requirement of strong column-

weak beam condition as per IS 13920:2016 is not bj = (bb + 2x)
satisfied.
= 300 + 2x100
(Clause 7.2.1 of IS 13920:2016)
= 500 mm
5.1 Check for Earthquake in X Direction or
6.1.1. Joint Shear bj = bb + hc = 300 + 400 = 700 mm
The joint equilibrium is shown in Figure 5.4.
6.1.1. Shear Due to Plastic Hinge in Beam direction = 400 mm )
Referring to Figure 7.5 and 7.6, for both the cases,
Adopt lesser of the two values i.e. bj = 500 mm
 M  Mh 
Vcol  1.4  s  wj = effective width of joint along the direction of
 hst  considered force
 105  66 
 1.4    wj = 400 mm
 3/ 2 
= 160 kN Shear strength of joint confined on all four faces,
Force Developed in Beam Reinforcement as per clause 9.1.1 of IS 13920:2016
Referring to Figures 5.7 and 5.8, we get, Shear strength = 1.5 f ck Aej
= 1.5 x 25 x 500 x 400 /1000
= 678 x1.25 x 415 /1,000
= 1500 kN > 587 kN
= 352 kN = C1
Hence, ok.
(Clause 9.1.1 of IS
= 452 x1.25 x 415 /1,000
13920:2016)
= 235 kN = C2 5.4.4 Check for Flexural Strength Ratio
The joint shear is evaluated considering maximum Here, p/fck = 0.967 / 25 = 0.038
T1 and minimum Vcol.
VJoint = T1 + C2 – Vcol As per clause 7.2.1.1 of IS 13920:2016, the design
moments of resistance of column shall be
= 352 + 235 -160 estimated for factored axial forces arising in all
= 427 kN curve. As the force data at this particular joint is
not available the forces obtained at joint A of 1st
5.4.3 Check for Joint Shear Strength floor are used here for calculations,
The effective width of the joint is evaluated as:
Section of joint  AB
(v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (x)
𝑀 ∑MC
Axial 𝑃𝑢 Muy
Load Combinations 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷2 ∑ 𝑀𝑏
(kN) 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 (kN-m)
(SP 16)
1. 1.5(DL+LL) -1803 0.152 0.07 140 -
2. 1.2(DL+LL+EQX) -1252 0.153 0.0705 141 0.82

3. 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) -1199 0.154 0.071 142 0.83
4. 1.2(DL+LL+EQY) -1226 0.153 0.0705 141 -
5. 1.2(DL+LL-EQY) -1226 0.153 0.0705 141 -
6. 1.5(DL+EQX) -1475 0.147 0.069 138 0.80
7. 1.5(DL-EQX) -1409 0.148 0.0695 139 0.81
8. 1.5(DL+EQY) -1442 0.149 0.0695 139 -
9. 1.5(DL-EQY) -1442 0.149 0.0695 139 -
10. 0.9DL + 1.5 EQX -898 0.153 0.0705 141 0.82
11. 0.9DL - 1.5 EQX -832 0.154 0.071 142 0.83
12. 0.9DL + 1.5 EQY -865 0.152 0.07 140 -
13. 0.9DL - 1.5 EQY -865 0.152 0.07 140 -
In this example, it is proposed to increase the

reinforcement in the column. Member forces are
Here, b= width of beam =500 mm
taken as calculated earlier because column size is
D= Depth of beam = 400 mm (dimension parallel not being changed.
to EQ direction i.e. X-direction)
Considering above fourth load combination
Mu = 0.0705 x 25 x 500 x 400 x 400 / 1x106
The Mc required in the transverse direction is
= 141 kN-m 222 x 1.4 = 311 kN-m and 1.4 x 171 = 240 kN-m
Similarly for all other combination flexural in the longitudinal direction.
capacity at different sections of joint i.e. AT and
AB is calculated. Hence required moment capacity for the column
⸪ ∑MB= 105+66= 171 kN is Mc = 311 kN-m in the transverse direction and
Detailed calculations for each load combination 240 kN-m in the longitudinal direction.
are shown in Table 5.2.
(Clause 7.2.1 of IS 13920:2016)
Table 5.1 shows that, the ratio of ∑MC/∑MB is
Using SP: 16, the steel required to get the above
less than 1.4, hence requirement of strong
moment capacity of the column is calculated as
column-weak beam condition as per IS
2%. Hence revise the main longitudinal steel to
13920:2016 is not satisfied.
8-20+8-16 bars (4,121 mm2, 2.06% steel, as
(Clause 7.2.1 of IS 13920:2016) against earlier steel of 0.96%) p/fck =0.082. The
revised reinforcement details are shown in Figure
5.11.
5.4.5 Re-design of Column The flexural check of redesigned column is shown
As can be seen from the checks in section 5.4.3 in Table 5.3.
and 5.5.4, the joint is safe in shear check however While redesigning the column, a few load
it is not safe in flexure check. In such cases it is combinations may give axial stresses less than
recommended to either increase the column 0.08 fck.. The section then needs to be checked for
section or the reinforcement or both so that Mc flexure load combinations.
is increased.

 0.18  S v  h  f ck  Ag 
   1
 Ak 
Transverse beam 300 x 600 fy
(7-12 # - Top steel Ash = max of 
4-12 # - Bottom steel)  0.05  S  h  f
 v ck
8-20 # + 6-16 # 500  fy
(Clause 7.6.1(c) of IS 13920:2016)

400
confining stirrup measured to its outer face
Longitudinal beam 300 x 500 = (500 – 40 – 40 + 12 ) /2 + 10 x 2 +12

(6-12 # - Top steel
4-12 # - Bottom steel) = 236 mm
or
Figure 5.11 Revised reinforcement details for
= (400 - 40 – 40 - 12 ) / 2 + 10 x 2 +12
column and beams
= 186 mm
5.1 Confining Links
In case of an internal joint like the one being Ag = 400 x 500 = 2,00,000 mm2
designed where beams frame into all vertical Ak = (400 -2 x 40 + 2 x 10) x (500- 2 x
faces of the joint, adequate confinement can be 40 + 2 x 10)
assumed. If all four faces of the joint are having
beams framing into them covering atleast 75% of = 340 x 440
the width at each face, atleast half the special = 1,46,496 mm2
confining reinforcement is required in the joint as Ash = 78.54 mm2
per section 7.6 of IS 13920:2016.
Substituting we get
In this case the column dimensions are 400 x 500.
The width of the beam is 300 mm, which is less  0.18  S v  236  25  2,00,000 
than 3/4 width of column (i.e. 3/4 x 500 = 375    1
f  1, 46, 496 
78 = max 
y
mm).
 0.05  S  236  25
Hence, fully special confining reinforcement is  v
required as per 9.2.1(b) of IS 13920:2006.  fy
The spacing of hoops used as special confining Sv = min (84,110)

reinforcement shall not exceed:
Sv = 80 mm
(i) 6 times diameter of the smallest
longitudinal reinforcement bar = 6 x 16 = Provide 10 confining links @ 80 mm c/c for a
96 mm distance lo , which shall not be less than:
(ii) 150 mm g. Larger lateral dimension where yielding can

occur = 600 mm
(Clause 7.6.1(b) and Clause 9.2.1(b) of IS h. 1/6 of clear span = 3000 / 6 = 500 mm
13920:2016)
i. 450 mm
(Clause 7.6.1 (a) of IS 13920:2016)
Provide confining reinforcement for a distance of
lo = 600 mm on either side of the joint.

Table 5.3 Flexural capacity of section in X and Y direction of joint for each load combination
EQ in X Direction EQ in Y Direction
(v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (x) (viii) (x)
𝑀 ∑MC ∑MC
𝑃𝑢
Load Combinations Axial (kN) 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷2 Mux (kN-m) ∑ 𝑀𝑏 Muy (kN-m) ∑ 𝑀𝑏
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷
(SP 16)
1. 1.5(DL+LL) -1803 0.140 0.140 280 - 350 -
2. 1.2(DL+LL+EQX) -1252 0.153 0.142 284 1.66 355 -
3. 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) -1199 0.154 0.143 286 1.67 357.5 -
4. 1.2(DL+LL+EQY) -1226 0.153 0.142 284 - 355 1.59
5. 1.2(DL+LL-EQY) -1226 0.153 0.142 284 - 355 1.59
6. 1.5(DL+EQX) -1475 0.147 0.138 276 1.61 345 -
7. 1.5(DL-EQX) -1409 0.148 0.139 278 1.62 347.5 -
8. 1.5(DL+EQY) -1442 0.149 0.140 280 - 350 1.57
9. 1.5(DL-EQY) -1442 0.149 0.140 280 - 350 1.57
10. 0.9DL + 1.5 EQX -898 0.153 0.142 284 1.66 355 -
11. 0.9DL - 1.5 EQX -832 0.154 0.143 286 1.67 357.5 -
12. 0.9DL + 1.5 EQY -865 0.152 0.144 288 - 360 1.62
13. 0.9DL - 1.5 EQY -865 0.152 0.144 288 - 360 1.62
5.6 Observations reinforcement or both. In present case,

In this example, the design of internal roof joint reinforcement has been increased from 0.96% to
having only single column and two beams is 2.06%. It is to be noted that in IS 13920:1993 the
demonstrated. It can be seen that the joint is safe check for strong column weak beam was not
in shear however it fails in flexure check. Since given. However in present IS 13920:2016 this
one column flexural strength is available as check is required and ∑MC/∑MB should be
against two flexural strength of beams, the joint greater than 1.4.
fails in flexural check.
The flexural check can be satisfied either by
increasing the column size or with addition

Example 6 — Exterior Column Design for Zone V Earthquake

For the ground plus four storey RC office building of Example-1 (Refer Figures 1.1-1.4), design of an exterior
column element is explained here. The column marked AB in Figure 4.1 for frame 2 is considered for design.
BT
600
B
BB
300
AT
600
A
AB
300
300
Z
500

Solution:
5.1 Load Combinations

Load combinations derived from Since the column must be designed for earthquake
recommendations of Clause 6.3.2.2 of IS in both X-direction and Y-direction, all 13 load
1893(Part 1): 2016 and given in Table 1.4 of combinations as shown in Table 1.4 (Example-1)
Example-1 are considered for analysis. need to be considered. It is necessary to check the
column for each combination of loads. Checking
5.1 Force Data the column for all load combinations at all the
sections is indeed tedious if carried out by hand.
For column AB, the force resultants for various
Hence, a computer program is best suited for
load cases and load combinations are shown in column design. In the absence of a computer
Tables 6.1 and 6.2. program, one can make a judgment of which two
In case of earthquake in X direction, column gets a or three load cases out of the thirteen may require
the maximum reinforcement and design
large moment about Y axis and a small moment
accordingly.
about X axis due to gravity, minimum eccentricity
Referring to Table 6.2, it can be observed that out
and torsional effect. Similarly earthquake in Y
of the various load combination, one design load
direction causes a large moment in column about
combination with earthquake in either (X or Y)
X axis and a small moment about Y axis. Column
direction can be identified, which is likely to be
needs to be designed as a biaxial member for these
critical. These design forces are summarized in
moments.

Table 6.3. Table 6.4 and Table 6.5 give factors Using these factors and the charts given in SP: 16,
Pu M2 M3 the required maximum reinforcement is calculated
such as , 2
, and . the same being summarized in Table 6.6. The
f ck bD f ck b D f ck bD 2
detailed calculations are shown in Section 6.4.
Table 6.1 Force resultants in column AB for different load cases

Load AB AT BB BT
Case Axial M2 M3 Axial M2 M3 Axial M2 M3 Axial M2 M3
(kN) (kN-m) (kN-m) (kN) (kN- (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN-m) (kN) (kN- (kN-
m) m) m)
-643 0 15 -513 1 -22 -502 -1 21 -372 1 -20

DL
-119 0 5 -93 0 -7 -93 0 7 -66 0 -7

LL
-50 108 0 -29 -112 0 -29 112 0 -14 -97 0

EQx
EQy 270 0 -112 191 0 97 191 0 -104 119 0 86

Load AB AT BB BT
Combinations
P M2 M3 P M2 M3 P M2 M3 P M2 M3
kN kN-m kN-m kN kN-m kN-m kN kN-m kN-m kN kN-m kN-m
1.5(DL+LL) -1143 0 30 -909 2 -44 -893 -2 42 -657 2 -41
1.2(DL+LL+EQX) -867 130 20 -678 -133 -29 -665 133 27 -483 -115 -26
1.2(DL+LL-EQX) -747 -130 20 -609 136 -29 -596 -136 27 -449 118 -26
1.2(DL+LL+EQY) -483 0 -115 -414 1 88 -401 -1 -98 -323 1 77
1.2(DL+LL-EQY) -1131 0 154 -873 1 -145 -860 -1 152 -609 1 -129
1.5(DL+EQX) -1040 162 23 -813 -167 -33 -797 167 32 -579 -144 -30
1.5(DL-EQX) -890 -162 23 -726 170 -33 -710 -170 32 -537 147 -30
1.5(DL+EQY) -560 0 -146 -483 2 113 -467 -2 -125 -380 2 99
1.5(DL-EQY) -1370 0 191 -1056 2 -179 -1040 -2 188 -737 2 -159
0.9DL + 1.5 EQX -654 162 14 -505 -167 -20 -495 167 19 -356 -145 -18
0.9DL - 1.5 EQX -504 -162 14 -418 169 -20 -408 -169 19 -314 146 -18
0.9DL + 1.5 EQY -174 0 -155 -175 1 126 -165 -1 -137 -156 1 111
0.9DL - 1.5 EQY -984 0 182 -748 1 -165 -738 -1 175 -513 1 -147

6.1 Design Checks (Clause 7.1.1 of IS 13920:2016)
6.1.1. Check for Axial Stress

6.1.1. Check for Limiting Longitudinal
Factored axial force = 165 kN Reinforcement
(Lowest at At or Bb among all load combination is Minimum reinforcement,
considered)
= 0.8 %
Factored axial stress = 1,65,000 /300 x 500
= 0.8 x 300 x 500 /100
= 1.10 MPa < 0.08 fck
= 1,200 mm2
Hence, for the load combination 0.9DL + 1.5 EQY the
(Clause 26.5.3.1 of IS 456: 2000)
member needs to be checked as flexural member. Maximum reinforcement = 4%
For all other load combinations design is done as a
Column member. (Limited from practical considerations)
(Clause 7.1; IS 13920:2016) = 4 x 300 x 500 / 100
6.1.1. Check for Member Size = 6,000 mm2
Width of column, B = 300 mm  300 hence, ok. (Clause 26.5.3.1 of IS 456: 2000)
(Clause 7.1.1; IS 13920:2016)
Depth of column, D = 500 mm 6.2 Design of Column
B 300 6.2.1 Sample Calculation for Column

  0.6 > 0.45, hence ok. Reinforcement at AB End
D 500
First approximate design is done and finally it is
(Clause 7.1.2; IS 13920:2016) checked for all force combinations.
Span, L = 3,000 mm
(a) Approximate Design
The effective length of column can be calculated
using Annex E of IS 456: 2000. In this example as In this case, the moment about one axis dominates
per Table 28 of IS 456: 2000, the effective length and hence, the column is designed as an uniaxially
is taken as 0.85 times the unsupported length, loaded column in that direction. The column is
which is in between that of fixed and hinged case. oriented in such a way that depth of column is 300
mm for X direction earthquake and 500 mm for Y
L (3000  500)  0.85 direction earthquake force.
  7.1 < 12, i.e.,
D 300
Design for Earthquake in X-Direction
Short column. Hence, ok.
Pu = 1,040 kN
(Clause 25.1.2 of IS 456: 2000)
Mu2 = 162 kN-m
In case of slender column, additional moment due
to P- effect needs to be considered. Pu 1040 103
  0.347 =0.28
f ck bD 20  300  500
Minimum Dimension of Column = 300 mm  20
times the largest diameter of beam longitudinal M u2 162  106
reinforcement. In the present case for the beam in   0.18 =0.15
f ck bD 2 20  500  300  300
the direction of 500 mm dimension, diameter of
longitudinal bar is 20 mm. So it is more than 20 x Referring to Charts 45 and 46 of SP16
20 = 400 mm in this direction. In the direction of
300 mm column size maximum diameter of For d’/D = (40 +25 /2)/300 = 0.175, we get
longitudinal bar is 16 mm. So minimum required
size of column = 16 x 20 = 320 i.e. 300 mm. p/fck = 0.12
Hence ok.

Design of Earthquake in Y-Direction Pu

For  0.347 (0.28) and p/fck= 0.128, and
Pu = 1,370 kN f ck bD
referring to Charts 44-45 of SP: 16 and we get
Mu2 = 191kN-m
Mu
 0.2 =0.175
Pu 1370103 f ck bD 2
  0.456 =0.37
fckbD 20  300 500
M u2 191 106
  0.127 =0.11 Mu2,1 = 0.175 x 25 x 300 x 300 x 500/(1x106)
f ck bD 2
20  300  500  500
= 196 kN-m.
Referring to Charts 44 of SP16
For d’/D = (40 +25 / 2)/500 = 0.105, we get Mu2,1 = 0.175 x 25 x 300 x 500 x 500/(1x106)
p/fck = 0.07
= 328 kN-m.
Longitudinal Steel Puz = 0.45 fckAg + (0.75fy - 0.45fck) Asc
The required steel will be governed by the higher (Clause 39.6 of IS 456:2000)
of the above two values and hence p/fck = 0.12,
Required steel = 0.12 x 25 % = 3 % = 0.45 x 25 x 300 x 500 +
= 3 x 300 x 500 /100 (0.75 x 415 - 0.45 x 25) x 4,800
= 4,500 mm2 = 3,127 kN
Provide 6-25+6-20 bars with total Asc = 4,800 Pu/Puz = 1,040 / 3,127 = 0.33
mm2 The constant n which depends on factored axial
i.e., 4,800 x 100 / (300 x 500) = 3.2%. compression resistance Puz is evaluated as
Hence p/fck provided = 3.2/25 = 0.128 > 0.12 0.33  0.2

n = 1.0 + (2.0  1.0) =1.216
0.8  0.2
Hence, ok.
Using the interaction formula of Clause 39.6,
(b) Checking of Section IS 456: 2000),
The column should be checked for bi-axial n n
moment. Moment due to other axis may occur due  Mu2  M  162 
1.216
 20.8 
1.216
to torsion of building or minimum eccentricity of     u3     

 M u 2,1   M u 3,1  180   300 
the axial load.
= 0.79 + 0.035
Checking for Critical Combination with
Earthquake in X Direction (Longitudinal = 0.83 < 1.00
direction)
Hence, ok.
Width = 500 mm; Depth = 300 mm
Pu = 1,040 kN Checking for Critical Combination with
Mu2 = 162 kN-m Earthquake in Y Direction (Transverse
direction)
Eccentricity, e3 = clear height of column /500
+ lateral dimension / 30 Width = 300 mm; Depth = 500 mm;
Pu = 1,370 kN
= ((3,000-500) / 500) + (300 /30)
Mu3 = 191 kN-m
= 15 mm > 20 mm
Eccentricity,e3 = clear height of column /500
Mu3 = 1,040 x 0.02 = 20.8 kN-m + lateral dimension /30

= ((3,000 – 600)/500) + (500 / 30)  Mu2 

n
M 
n 1.216 1.216
 29.4   191 
    u3      
= 21.46 mm > 20 mm  M u 2,1   M u 3,1   162   270 
Hence, minimum eccentricity = 20 mm.
= 0.10 + 0.68
Mu2 = 1,370 x 0.02146 = 29.4 kN-m
= 0.78 < 1.00 ok.
Pu
For  0.456 (0.37) and p/fck = 0.128, 6.3 Details of Longitudinal Reinforcement
f ck bD
Similar to the sample calculations shown in
Referring to Chart 44 of SP: 16, we get
Section 4.4.1, the steel required at AB , AT, BB and
M u 2,1 BT is calculated.
 0.18 =0.135
f ck bD 2 The Tables 4.4 and 4.5 show brief calculations at
AB, AT, BB and BT locations. The column at the
Mu3,1= 0.135 x 25 x 300 x 500 x 500/(1x106) joint A should have the higher of the reinforcement
= 253 kN-m required at AB and AT, and hence, 3.7% steel is
needed. Similarly higher of the reinforcement
Mu3,1= 0.135 x 25 x 300 x 300 x 500/(1x106) required at BB and BT, i.e., 3.5% is needed in the
column at the joint B.
= 151 kN-m
Figure 4.2 shows the reinforcement in the column
Puz = 3,127 kNn = 1.38 along with steel provided in the transverse and
Using the interaction formula longitudinal beams.
Table 6.3 Critical forces for design of column AB
Load AB AT BB BT
Combination P M2 M3 P M2 M3 P M2 M3 P M2 M3
Gravity -1,143 0 30 -909 2 -44 -893 -2 42 -657 2 -41
Critical
comb with -1,040 162 22 -813 -167 -33 -797 167 32 -579 -144 -30
EQX
Critical
comb with -1,370 0 191 -1,056 2 -179 -1,040 -2 188 -737 2 -159
EQY
Table 6.4 Design of column AB for earthquake in X-Direction
AB AT BB BT
Pu M2 p Pu M2 p Pu M2 p Pu M2 p
f ck bD f ck b 2 D f ck bD f ck b 2 D f ck bD f ck b 2 D f ck bD f ck b 2 D
Gravit
0.30 - 0.80 0.24 0.001 0.8 0.23 0.001 0.8 0.18 0.001 0.8
y
Critica
l comb
0.277 0.144 2.75 0.21 0.18 3.25 0.21 0.148 2.5 0.154 0.128 2
with
EQX

Table 6.5 Design of column AB for earthquake in Y-Direction
Load AB AT BB BT
Comb. Pu M3 p Pu M3 p Pu M3 p Pu M3 p
f ck bD f ck bD 2 f ck bD f ck bD 2
f ck bD f ck bD 2
f ck bD f ck bD 2
Critical
comb 1.
0.37 0.10 2 0.28 0.10 0.28 0.10 1.5 0.20 0.09 1
with 5
EQY
Table 6.6 Summary of reinforcement for column AB

Column AB Longitudinal Reinforcement Details
Reinforcement
Reinforcement 4-20 +8-25
at A Bars Asc = 5,183
mm2 i.e., 3.45%.
Reinforcement 8-25+ 4-16

at B Steel provided=
4,731 mm2 i.e.,
3.15%
Table 6.7 Tabulation of shear forces in column AB for different load combinations
AB AT BB BT
Load EQX EQY EQX EQY EQX EQY EQX EQY
Combination (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN)
1.5(DL+LL) -14 0 -29 1 -29 1 -27 2
1.2(DL+LL+EQX) -9 -83 -18 -89 -18 -89 -17 -79
1.2(DL+LL-EQX) -9 83 -19 90 -19 90 -18 81
1.2(DL+LL+EQY) 78 0 62 0 62 0 56 0
1.2(DL+LL-EQY) -97 0 -99 1 -99 1 -92 2
1.5(DL+EQX) -10 -104 -21 -111 -21 -111 -20 -98
1.5(DL-EQX) -11 104 -22 112 -22 112 -21 101
1.5(DL+EQY) 99 0 80 0 80 0 72 0
1.5(DL-EQY) -120 0 -123 1 -123 1 -113 2
0.9DL + 1.5 EQX -6 -104 -12 -111 -12 -111 -11 -99
0.9DL - 1.5 EQX -7 104 -14 112 -14 112 -13 100
0.9DL + 1.5 EQY 103 0 88 0 88 0 80 0
0.9DL - 1.5 EQY -116 0 -114 1 -114 1 -105 2

Figure 6.2 Reinforcement details of longitudinal and transverse beam

6.4 Design for Shear
corresponding to plastic hinge is evaluated as:
6.4.1 Shear Capacity of Column
Assuming 25% steel provided as tensile steel to be
on conservative side, Ast = 3.45%/4 =0.8625% ,
permissible shear stress  c = 0.60 Mpa Vu
(Table 19 of IS 456: 2000)

Considering lowest Pu = 166 kN, br
hst Mu bl Mu
3Pu
 = 1 =1.132 < 1.5
Ag f ck
(Clause 40.2.2 of IS 456: 2000) Vu

 c = 0.66 x 1.132 = 0.679 MPa br bl
Mu + Mu
Effective depth in X direction = 300-40-25/2 = Vu = 1.4
hst
247.5 mm
Vc = 0.679 x 500 x 247.5 /1,000 = 84.06 kN
Effective depth in Y direction = 500-40-25/2 = formation in longitudinal beams
447.5 mm
 Mu
bl br
1.4 (M u )
Vc = 0.679x 300 x 447.5 /1,000 = 91 kN Vu =
hst
6.4.2 Shear As Per Analysis
= 1.4 x (240 +171) /3
The maximum factored shear force in X and Y = 192 kN
direction is 123 and 112 kN respectively. (Refer
Table 4.7) Earthquake in Y-Direction
6.4.3 Shear Force Due to Plastic Hinge The transverse beam of size 300 x 600 is reinforced
Formation at Ends of Beam with 3-16 str + 5-20 extra + 1-16 extra
Earthquake in X-Direction (2,374 mm2, i.e., 1.487 %) at top and 3-16
2
str + 3-20 extra (1,545 mm , i.e., 0.978%) at
The longitudinal beam of size 300 x 500 is bottom. Since we don’t get complete development
reinforced with 9-16 (1809 mm2, i.e., 1.40%) at length in compression, we have to consider the
top and 7-16 (1407 mm2, i.e., 1.08%) at bottom. effect of this to calculate flexural capacity of
The hogging and sagging moment capacities are section.
evaluated as 240 kN-m and 171 kN-m,
respectively. Modified compression reinforcement (Asc’) as
shown in Figure 6.4, can be can be calculated as,

𝐵 − 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟
𝐴′𝑠𝑐 = 𝐴𝑠𝑐 ( )
𝑙𝑑𝑐 Vu
Where, B = column width
Ldc = development length in compression
A br
hst Mu
Cover = cover provided in column for
reinforcement
Vu
Mubr
V u = 1.4
hst

formation in transverse beams
br
1.4 (M u )
Vu =
hst
Figure 6.4 Behavior of beam for different
flexural actions 1.4  (377)
=
3
Ld= 32.24  = 32.24 x 20 = 645 mm
= 175 kN.
Cover = 40 mm
Asc’ = 0.71 x 2374 = 1686 mm2 = 1.05% 6.4.4 Design Shear
The design shear force for the column shall be the
This effect shall not come into picture when higher of the calculated factored shear force as per
moment capacity is evaluated using SP 16. For analysis (Table 4.7) and the shear force due to
more accurate results the moment capacity can be plastic hinge formation in either of the transverse
evaluated using first principle. Also, by or longitudinal beams.
considering rectangular section for hogging action
and T beam for sagging action. This method is (Clause7.5; IS 13920: 2016)
iterative but give accurate results. From Section 4.6.3 above, the design shear in X
direction is 192 kN which is the higher of 112 kN
The hogging and sagging moment capacities are and 192 kN. Similarly the design shear in Y
evaluated as 374 kN-m and 251 kN-m, direction is 175 kN, which is the higher of 123 kN
respectively. and 175 kN.
6.5 Details of Transverse Reinforcement
corresponding to plastic hinge formation in the
transverse beam is 6.5.1 Design of Links in X Direction
Vs = 192 – 84 = 108 kN
Spacing of 4 legged 8  Links

= 4 x 50 x 0.87 x 415 x 247.5 /108,000
= 165 mm
6.5.2 Design of Links in Y Direction

Vs = 175 – 91 = 84 kN

Spacing of 2 Legged 8  Links 90

Sv = min of 
= 2 x 50 x 0.87 x 415 x 447.5 /84,000 136
= 192 mm Substituting we get Sv = 90 mm.
6.5.3 Nominal Links Link spacing for confining zone shall not exceed:
The spacing of hoops shall not exceed half the
a. 6 times dimeter of smallest longitudinal
least lateral dimension of the column, i.e., 300/ 2 reinforcement bars = 6 x 16 = 96 mm
= 150 mm.
(Clause 7.6.1(b) of IS 13920:2016)
(Clause 7.4.2 of IS 13920: 2016)
Provide 10 confining links @ 90 mm c/c for a
Provide 8  links @ 150 c/c in mid-height distance Lo (Refer figure 4.5), which shall not be
portion of column. less than:
6.5.4 Confining Links a. Larger lateral dimension = 500 mm
The area of cross section Ash of the bar forming b. 1/6 of clear span = (3,000 –500)/6 = 417 mm
reinforcement shall not be less than c. 450 mm
(Clause 7.6.1(a) of IS 13920:2016)
 0.18  S v  h  f ck  Ag 
   1 Provide confining reinforcement for a distance of
fy  Ak 
Ash = max of  Lo = 500 mm on either side of the joint.
 0.05  S  h  f (Refer Figure 4.5)
 v ck
 f y
(Clause 8.1.c of IS 13920: 2016)

Assuming h = longer dimension of the rectangular
link measured to its outer face
= (500- 40 – 40- 25)/3 + 25 +10 +10 =177 mm or
300 - 40 – 40 +10 +10 = 240 mm, whichever is
higher, i.e., h = 240.
Ag = 300 x 500 = 1,50,000 mm2
Ak = (300 –2 x 40 +2 x10) x (500-2 x
40
+ 2 x 10)
= 240 x 440

= 1,05,600 mm2
Assuming 10 stirrup, Ash = 78.54 mm2

78.54 = max of
 0.18  Sv  240  20  1,50,000 
   1
415  1,05,600  6.6 Check as Flexural Member for Load

 0.05  Sv  240  20 Comb. 0.9 DL + 1.5 EQY
 Factored moment = 156 kN-m
 415 Effective depth = 500 – 40 - 25/2 = 447.5mm

Mu 156 106 Hence, ok.

  2.60
bd 2 300  447.5 2 CAUTION
Referring to Table 3 of SP: 16, we get Note, however, that the column designed above has
Ast = 0.837% not been checked for requirements related to the
= 0.837 x 300 x 447.5 / 100 joint region, which are being incorporated in the
= 1,124 mm2 new edition of IS 13920. These provisions are
Ast provided on one face = 3 – 25 illustrated in Examples 5-8 and may require
= 3 x 491 modifications in column size and / or longitudinal
= 1,473 mm2 >1,185 mm2 reinforcement.

Example 7 Exterior Beam-Column Joint Design for Zone V

Problem Statement:
Detailed design as per draft revision of IS 13920:2016 of an exterior joint in an intermediate RC frame is
explained for the ground plus four storey RC office building.
Solution:
The joint of column marked in Figure 7.1 for Frame 2 is considered for design. The plan of the building and
the sectional elevation of a typical RC frame are shown in Figures 7.1 and 7.2.
A
C2 C1 C1 C1 C1 C2
5
B C1 C3 C3 C3 C3
C1
5
C C2 C1 C1 C1 C1 C2
X
1 2 3 4 5 6
4 4 3 4 4
Transverse
beam
600
500
300 300
Longitudinal
beam
Section
Transverse
beam
500
300
300
Plan

7.2 Design Data Vcol

The details of the column and beam
reinforcement meeting at the joint are T
shown in Figure 7.3. 1
Transverse beam 300 x 600

(5-20 # + 4-16 # - Top steel
3-16 # + 3-20 # - Bottom steel)
300
VJoint
12-25 #
Figure 6.4 Joint shear

500
Column Shear
300
Longitudinal beam 300 x 500
The column shear is evaluated as
(4-20 # + 3-16 # - Top steel explained below. (Refer Figures 6.5 and
2-20 # + 4-16 # - Bottom steel)
6.6 for sway to right and left, conditions
respectively).
Figure 7.3 Reinforcement details for
Vcol
column and beams.
The transverse beam of size 300 x 600 is
reinforced with 5-20 + 4-16 (2,374 A
hst Mh
mm2, i.e. 1.487 %) at top and 3-20 + 3-
16 (1,545 mm2, i.e., 0.97%) at bottom.
The hogging and sagging moment
capacity is evaluated as 377 kN-m and 286
kN-m, respectively. Vcol
For more accurate results moment Mh
capacity can be evaluated using first Vcol = 1.4
hst
principal and effective area of steel in Figure 7.5 Column with sway to
compression evaluated considering right
development length effect. This method is
iterative but gives accurate results.
M 
Vcol  1.4  h 
The longitudinal beam of size 300 x 500 is  hst 
reinforced with 4-20 +3-16 (1,859  377 
mm2, i.e., 1.43%) at top and 2-20 + 4-  1.4   
 3 
16 (1,432 mm2, i.e., 1.10%) at bottom. = 176 kN
The hogging and sagging moment
capacities are evaluated as 247 kN-m and
188 kN-m respectively.
7.3 Check for Earthquake in Y-

Direction
7.3.1 Joint Shear
The joint shear equilibrium is shown in
Figure 7.4

P
Vcol
MA T
Vcol
T1 = A st x 1.25 fy
A
hst Ms Mh
C1 = T1
Vcol
MAB
Vcol
P
Vcol = 1.4 Ms Sway to right

hst
Figure 7.6 Column with sway to left Figure 7.7 Free body diagram of the
joint
M 
Vcol  1.4  s  P
 hst 
MA T
 286  Vcol
 1.4   
 3 
= 133 kN C1 = T1
Ms
Force Developed in Beam
Reinforcement T = A x 1.25 fy
1 st
Figures 7.7 and 7.8 shows the
development of forces in the joint due to Vcol
MAB
beam reinforcement, for sway to right and
left, respectively. P
Force developed in top bars Sway to left
T1 = Ast x 1.25 x fy Figure 7.8 Free body diagram of the

= 2,374 x1.25 x 415 /1,000 joint
= 1,231 kN
Force developed in bottom bars
The factor 1.25 is to account for the actual
ultimate strength being higher than the T1 = Ast x 1.25 x fy
actual yield strength (Clause 9.1.2(b) of IS
13920:2016) = 1,545 x1.25 x 415 /1,000
= 801 kN.
VJoint = T1 – Vcol
= 1,231-176
= 1,055 kN for sway to right.
For sway to left,
= 801 -133 = 668 kN

7.3.2 Check for Joint Shear Strength = 1.0 x 20 x 300 x 500 /1,000
The effective width provisions for joints
are shown in Figure 7.9. = 900 kN < 1,055 kN
Hence, not safe.
The calculation of the effective width of
the joint and the design shear strength of 7.3.3 Check for Flexural Strength Ratio
the joint is based on the draft revision of IS
13920:2016 The hogging and sagging moment
The effective width of the joint is the lesser capacities of transverse beam are 377
of:: kN-m and 286 kN-m, respectively.
i) bj = bb + 2x Column is reinforced with 10-25 + 4-
16 bars with total Asc = 5,714 mm2,
ii) bj = bb + hc i.e., 5,714 x100 / (300 x 500) = 3.8%.
p/fck = 3.8 /20 = 0.19
As per clause 7.2.1.1 of IS 13920:2016,
the design moments of resistance of
column shall be estimated for factored
axial forces arising in all load
combinations using the design PM
interaction curve. This method is
illustrated in example 4. But now, as the
forces at a particular joint of column are
not available here the flexural capacity of
column is calculated considering zero
axial forces.
Figure 7.9 Effective width for joint
It is conservative here to calculate the
bj = (bb +2x)
moment capacity of column with zero
= 300 + 2x0 axial loads. In actual practice it is desirable
= 300 mm Mu
to take minimum corresponding
bj = bb+hc f ck bD 2
Pu
= 300+500 to actual obtained from different
f ck bD
= 800 mm load combinations. Referring to chart 44
(where, hc = depth of column in Pu
of SP: 16, corresponding to = 0.00
considered direction = 500 mm ) f ck bD
at AB, p/fck = 0.19 and d’/D
Adopt lesser of the two values i.e. bj = = (40 +25 /2) / 500 = 0.105, we get
300 mm
Mu
wj = effective width of joint along the = 0.235.
direction of considered force f ck bD 2
wj = 500 mm M c = 0.235 x 25 x 300 x 500 x 500 / (1x

106)
Effective area of joint resisting shear = Ac
= bj wj = 440 kN-m
Shear strength of joint confined on three Mc = 440 + 440 = 880 kN-m
opposite faces, as per clause 9.1.1 of IS
13920:2016. Mb = 377 kN-m
Shear strength = 1.2 f ck Aej (Maximum moment resistance is

considered)

As shown in Figure 7.10, the beam-

column joint is checked for strong column- Vcol
weak beam condition.
Mc T
hst Ms Mh
Vcol
A Mb Mh + Ms
Vcol = 1.4
hst
Figure 7.12 Column with sway to right
Mc B
Vcol
P
Figure 7.10 Check for strong column - hst Mh Ms

weak beam condition
The ratio of ∑MC/∑MB =880 / 377 = 2.61
is greater than 1.4 Hence, requirement of Vcol
strong column-weak beam condition as Mh + Ms
Vcol = 1.4 hst
per IS 13920:1993 is satisfied.
(Clause 7.2.1 of IS 13920:2016) Figure 7.13 Column with sway to left
7.4 Check for Earthquake in X-  M  Mh 

Vcol  1.4  s 
direction  hst 
7.4.1 Joint Shear  247  180 
 1.4   
The joint shear equilibrium is shown in  3 
Figure 6.11. = 200 kN
Vcol
Force developed in beam reinforcement
T1 Figures 7.14 and 7.15 show the development of
C2
sway to right and left, respectively.
VJoint
Figure 7.11 Joint shear

Shear due to formation of plastic hinges in beams
The column shear is evaluated as below. Refer
Figures 7.12 and 7.13 for sway to right and left,
respectively.

P = 1,506 kN
MA T
Vcol 7.4.2 Check for Joint Shear Strength
The effective width calculations for the joint are
C2 = T2 T1 = A st x 1.25 fy based on Figure 6.16.
Ms Mh
C1 = T1 bj = bb + 2x
T = A st x 1.25 fy
2
= 300 + 2x100
Vcol
MA B
= 500 mm
P bj = bb +hc
Sway to right = 300+300
Figure 7.14 Free body diagram of the joint = 600 mm
T1 = Ast x 1.25 x fy Adopt lesser of the two values i.e. bj = 500 mm
= 1,859 x1.25 x 415 /1,000 wj = effective width of joint along the direction of
= 964 kN = C1 considered force
T2 = Ast x 1.25 x fy wj = 300 mm
= 1,432 x1.25 x 415 /1,000

= 742 kN = C2
P
MA T
Vcol
T2 = A st x 1.25 fy
C1 = T1
Mh Ms
C2 = T2
T = A x 1.25 fy
1 st
Vcol
MA B
Sway to left
Figure 7.15 Free body diagram of the joint Figure 7.16 Effective width of joint
T1 = Ast x 1.25 x fy Shear strength of joint confined on three opposite
= 1,432 x 1.25 x 415 /1,000 faces, as per clause 9.1.1 of IS 13920:2016.
= 742 kN = C1
= 1.2 x 20 x 500 x 300 /1,000
T2= Ast x 1.25 x fy
= 900 kN <1,503 kN
= 1,859 x 1.25 x 415 /1,000
Hence, not safe.
= 964 kN = C2
(Clause 9.1.1 of IS 13920:2016)
= 964 + 742 - 200

7.4.3 Check for Flexural Strength Ratio beam width can be considered if the difference
The hogging and sagging moment capacities are between the shear strength of joint and joint shear
evaluated as 247 kN-m and 188 kN-m, is small.
respectively.
iii) Increase the grade of concrete. This option will
The limiting moment capacity of the column increase the shear strength of joint and also reduce
calculated using SP: 16 is 264 kN-m the steel required in columns. It is proposed to
increase the column size from 300 x 500 to 400 x
As shown in Figure 7.17, the beam-column joint is 500 and the beam depth from 600 mm to 750 mm
checked for strong column-weak beam condition. and 500 mm to 600 mm for the transverse and
longitudinal beams respectively. Member forces
are taken as calculated earlier without reanalysis of
Mc T
the structure. In practice the structure may be
reanalyzed.
The transverse beam is redesigned to 300 x 750
A
Ms Mh with 4-16 + 3-20  +1- 12 at top (1,859 mm2,
0.91% steel) and 3-16 + 2-20 at bottom (1,231
mm2, 0.60% steel). Using SP: 16, the moment
capacity of the beam is calculated as Mh = 371 kN-
Mc B m and Ms = 297 kN-m, respectively.
P Similarly, the longitudinal beam is redesigned to
300 x 750 with 3-16 + 3-16 at top (1,206
Figure 7.17 Check for strong column-weak 2
mm , 0.59% steel) and 3-16 + 1-16 at bottom
beam condition (804 mm2, 0.39% steel). Using SP: 16, the
Mc = 264 + 264 = 528 kN-m moment capacity of the beam section is calculated
as Mh = 265 kN-m and Ms = 184 kN-m,
Mb = 247 + 188 = 435 kN-m respectively.
The ratio of ∑MC/∑MB = 528/435 = 1.21 < 1.4 As per analysis results, the column size now
Strong column-weak beam condition is not requires 14-16 bars (2,814 mm2, 1.41% steel) as
satisfied main longitudinal steel. The value of p/fck =
Hence, not ok. 1.41/25 = 0.07.
(Clause 7.2.1 of IS 13920:2016) The Mc required in transverse direction is 377 x

1.4 = 528 kN-m and 1.4 (265 + 184) = 629 kN-m
Revision in longitudinal direction.
As can be seen from the checks in sections 7.4.2 Hence, required moment capacity for column is Mc
and 7.4.3, the joint is not safe. In such cases the = 528/2 = 264 kN-m in transverse direction and
following three alternatives can be tried separately 629/ 2 = 315 kN-m in longitudinal direction.
or in combination.
(Clause 7.2.1 of IS 13920:2016)
i) Increase the column section so that the joint area
is increased. This will also reduce the main Using SP-16, the steel required to get the above
longitudinal steel requirement in the column owing moment capacity of column is calculated as 2.4%.
to larger column size. Hence, revise the main longitudinal steel to 16-20
bars (5026 mm2, 2.5% steel). The revised
ii) Increase the size of the beam section. If this reinforcement details are shown in Figure 6.17.
option is adopted, it is advisable to increase depth
of the beam. This will reduce the steel required in
the beam and hence will reduce the joint shear. In
case of depth restriction on the beam, increase in

Transverse beam 300 x 750

Take bJ = 400 mm
(3-20 # + 4-16 # +1-12# Top steel
3-16 # + 2-20 # - Bottom steel) wj = effective width of joint along the direction of
300 considered force
wj = 500 mm
14-20 #
500
= 1.2 x 20 x 400 x 500 /1,000

400
Longitudinal beam 300 x 750
(6-16 # - Top steel
= 1200 kN > 791 kN
Hence, ok.
Figure 6.18 Revised reinforcement details for
column and beams. Check for Earthquake in X direction
Column sway to right
Check for Earthquake in Y Direction The column shear is evaluated as below.
Column sway to right  M  Ms 

Vcol  1.4  h 
The column shear is evaluated as below.  hst 
 265  184 
M   1.4   
Vcol  1.4  s   3 
 hst  = 314 kN
 371
 1.4   
 3  Max. Force developed in the top bars
= 173 kN
Max. force developed in the top bars, T1, = 1,206 x1.25 x 415 /1,000
T1 = Ast x 1.25 x fy = 626 kN = C1
= 1,859 x 1.25 x 415 /1,000 T2 = Ast x 1.25 x fy
= 964 kN = 804 x1.25 x 415 /1,000
Joint shear is calculated as = 403 kN = C2

VJoint = T1 – Vcol VJoint = T1 + C2 – Vcol
= 964-173 = 626 + 403 - 314
= 791 kN = 714 kN
bj = bb +2x
bj = bb + 2x
= 300 + 2x50
= 300 + 2x100
= 400 mm
= 500 mm
or
or
bj = bb +hc
bj = bb + hc
= 300+500
= 300+400
= 800 mm

= 700 mm 6 times diameter of smallest longitudinal

reinforcement bars = 6 x20 = 120 mm
Take bj = 500 mm
(Clause 7.6(b) of IS 13920:2016)
wj = effective width of joint along the direction of
considered force
wj = 400 mm rectangular hoop to be used as special confining
 0.18  S v  h  f ck  Ag 
= 1.2 x 20 x 500 x 400 /1,000    1
fy  Ak 
Ash = max of 
= 1200 kN > 714 kN  0.05  S  h  f
 v ck
Hence, ok.  f y
(Clause 7.6.(c) of IS 13920:2016)

7.7 Confining Links
The column dimensions have been revised to 400 h = longer dimension of the rectangular
x 500, and the width of beam is 300 mm, which is confining measured to its outer face
less than ¾ of column width (i.e. 3/4 x 500 = 375
= (500 – 40 – 40 – 20) / 2 + 10 x 2 + 20
mm) in one direction. An offset of (500 - 300)/2 =
100 mm of concrete is exposed on either side of = 240 mm
beam As per Clause 9.2.1 of IS 13920:2016, since
the joint is not confined by beams framing into its Ag = 500 x 400 = 2,00,000 mm2
two vertical faces and also since the width of the Ak = (500-2 x 40 +2 x 10) x (400- 2 x 40 +2 x 10)
longitudinal beam is less than ¾ of the column
width, special confining reinforcement is required = 440 x 340
in the joint.
= 1,49,600 mm2
Assuming 10 diameter links, Ash = 78.54 mm2
78.54 = max
100
 0.18  S v  240  20  2,50,000 
Y
   1
by hy
 fy  1,49,600 
X
 0.05  S v  240  20

b y 3/4 hy
 fy
Figure 6.19 Confinement of joint concrete 56

S = min 
by beams 135
But need to be less more than 150 mm.
The spacing of links for the confining zone shall Provide 10 confining links @ 50 c/c.
not exceed:

Example 8 has been dropped for draft report

.

Example 9 - Shear Wall Design for a Building in Zone III
Design a shear wall for a two-storey building shown in (Figure 9.1).The materials are M25 concrete
and Fe415 steel. The example shows design for load combination 1.2(DL + LL +EL) only. In practice
all other combinations should also be considered. The unfactored forces in the panel between the
ground level and first floor are obtained by analysis as.
S.No Load Case Bending Moment Axial Force Shear Force

1. (DL+LL) -577.5 1922.9 19.7
2. Earthquake 4830.9 255.7 699.1
The problem and the solution have been adopted from Medhekar M S and Jain S K, “Seismic Behavior
and Detailing of R C Shear Walls, part II: Design and Detailing, “The Indian Concrete Journal”, Vol.
67, No.8, September 1993, 451-457
Roof
1200
4270
First
Floor
1200
4270
B B
A A
tw=2304140
76
3380
380
380
SECTION A-A
Figure 9.1– Shear wall details for example

9.1 Solution: 9.1.3 Boundary elements:
The maximum factored bending moment on the The axial compression at the extreme fiber due to
section, Mu = 1.2 × (577.5 + 4830.9) = 6490 kNm. combined axial load and bending on the section is
The maximum factored shear force, Vu =1.2 × 14.64 N/mm2. As this is greater than 0.2fck,
(19.7 + 699.1) = 863 kN. provision of boundary elements along the wall
edges is mandatory. The center to center distance
between the boundary elements, Cw, is 3.76 m.
9.1.1 Shear Design: The axial force on the boundary element due to
earthquake loading is (Mu-Muv)/Cw = 2297/3.76
At section A-A, the design shear force is given by,
Vu = 863 kN. Let the effective depth in resisting = 611 kN. Thus, the maximum factored
shear be 3760 mm (=3380+380). compression on the boundary element is [611 +
0.213 × 1.2 × (1922.9 + 255.7)] = 1168 kN. The
Therefore, τv = 0.998 N/mm2. Let minimum factored tension on the boundary element is [0.213
vertical reinforcement (0.25%) be provided in the × (0.8 × 1922.9 - 1.2 × 255.7) -611] = -349 kN.
web. Therefore, as per Table 13 of IS: 456-2000, Assuming short column action, the axial load
τv = 0.36 N/mm2. Shear carried by concrete, Vuc = capacity of the boundary element with minimum
311 kN. Hence, shear to be resisted by horizontal reinforcement of 0.8% is 3530 kN. Therefore, 12
reinforcement is Vus = 552 kN. This requires the bars of 16 mm diameter will be adequate to take the
ratio Ah/Sv to be 0.407. However, provision of compression as well as tension. The arrangement
minimum horizontal reinforcement (0.25%) of reinforcement in the boundary element as per
requires this ratio to be 0.575. Figure 9.2 requires 10 mm diameter rectangular
hoops to be provided at 95 mm c/c as special
confining reinforcement.
As tw > 200 mm, the reinforcement shall be in 2
layers. Thus, horizontal reinforcement of 8mm
diameter bars at 175 mm c/c in 2 layers will suffice. 9.1.4 Reinforcement around opening:
An opening is present at section B-B. Taking depth
of wall on each side of opening that is resisting
shear as 1280 mm, τv ==1.466 N/mm2. Thus, shear The opening is of size 1200 mm by 1200 mm. The
to be resisted by reinforcement on each side of area of vertical and horizontal reinforcement in the
opening is, Vus= 326 kN. Therefore, provide 8 mm web (0.25%) that is interrupted by it is 690 mm2.
diameter 2-legged stirrups at 140 mm c/c on each Therefore, one bar of 16 mm diameter should be
side of opening. provided per layer of reinforcement on each side of
the opening. The vertical bar should extend for the
9.1.2 Flexural strength of web: full storey height. The horizontal bar should be
provided with development length in tension
beyond the sides of the opening.
The vertical reinforcement in the web is 0.25%.
The length of wall, lw, is 4140 mm and its web Figure 9.2 illustrates the reinforcement details.
thickness, tw, is 230 mm. Axial compression will
increase the moment capacity of the wall.
Therefore, the factored axial force should be taken
as Pu = 0.8 × 1922.9 +1.2 × 255.7 = 1845 kN.
Assuming this axial load to be uniformly
distributed, load on web = 0.574 × 1845 = 1059
kN. Thus, from equations given in Annex A of IS
13920:2016, we get λ= 0.077, φ = 0.029, xu/lw =
0.2549, xu*/lw =0.4791, and the value of β is 1.08.
As xu/lw is less than x*u/lw, the moment of
resistance of the web is obtained from equation (4)
as Muv= 4035 kN. The remaining moment i.e.
2297 shall be resisted by reinforcement in the
boundary element.

Section C-C
Section D-D
Figure 9.2 Reinforcement details

Example 10 - Solid Shear Wall Design for a Building in Zone V
Problem Statement:
Design a ductile RC shear wall for a five-storey (G+4) apartment building shown in the figure below.
The materials are M25 concrete and Fe 415 steel. The wall is to be detailed as a “Special RC shear
wall” according to IS 13920 standard. The example shows design for load combination 1.2(DL + LL
+EL) only. In practice all other combinations should also be considered.
Gravity load are calculated with 200 mm RC Slab + 1kPa floor/roof finish and live load justified as 3
MPa. Here, 25% of LL has been considered for seismic weight calculations.
The unfactored forces at various floor levels are given in the Table 10.1 for the shear wall as shown in
Figure 10.1.
Table 10.1 Unfactored forces at various floors

Level PDL (kN) PLL (kN) VEL (kN) MEL (kNm)
5 (roof) 396 0 177 0
4 396 162 309 548
3 396 162 381 1502
2 396 162 414 2684
1 396 162 423 3967
Base (total) 1980 648 423 5276
An elevation of shear wall and plan view of the prototype building are given in Figure 10.1 and 10.2.
.
Figure 10.1 Elevation Figure 10.2 Plan
Overall height is 5 x 3100 = 15500 mm and length of shear wall = 4000 mm
Figure 10.3 Cross section of wall in plan

with each curtain having bars running along

vertical and horizontal directions.
10.1 Given data
(Clause 10.1.7; IS 13920:2016)
Material:
The maximum spacing of vertical and
Concrete grade = M25
horizontal bars shall not exceed smaller of,
Steel grade = Fe 415
1. 1/5th horizontal length = 4000/5 = 800 mm
R = 4 ; as per Table 4 of IS 1893:2016 for
ductile RC shear wall 2. 3 times tw = 600 mm
Height of shear wall (hw) = 3100 x 5 = 15500 3. 450 mm.

mm Hence, maximum spacing = 450 mm
Length of shear wall (lw) = 4000 mm
(Clause 10.1.9; IS 13920:2016)
Effective length of wall (dw) = 0.8x4000=3200
10.4 Design for distributed reinforcement
mm (clause 10.2.1; IS 13920:2016)
Here, τv = 0.7938 MPa
The maximum factored bending moment at
the base of the wall, Mu = 1.2x5276 = 6332 τc,max = 3.1 MPa (Table 20; IS 456:2000)
kNm.
ℎ𝑤
(ℎ ) = 0.0025 + 0.5 (
𝐿𝑤
− 2) (𝑣,𝑤𝑒𝑏 −
The maximum factored shear force at the base 𝑚𝑖𝑛
of the wall, Vu=1.2x423 = 508 kN 0.0025)
10.2 Section classification Here web is not provided. So, v,web = 0
Here, wall thickness = 200 mm >150 mm (ℎ ) = 0.0025
𝑚𝑖𝑛
(Clause 10.1.2; IS 13920:2016)
 Ah = 0.0025 x 200 x 1000 = 500 mm2 in two
Length / thickness = 4000/200 = 20 > 4 layers.
1000 𝑥 78.53
(Clause 10.1.3; IS 13920:2016) Sv = 250
= 314 𝑚𝑚
hw / lw = 15500 /4000 = 3.87 >2
Provide, 10 mm diameter @ 300 mm c/c (261
Slender wall mm2 per meter length on each layer in
horizontal direction)
(Clause 10.1.4; IS 13920:2016)
From, Table 1 of IS 13920:2016, minimum
Special shear walls shall be provided with area of vertical reinforcement of a shear wall as
uniformly spaced reinforcement in its cross a fraction of gross area of cross section,
section along vertical and horizontal directions. 𝑡
(𝑣,𝑛𝑒𝑡 ) = 0.0025 + 0.01375 ( 𝑤 )
𝐿𝑤
(Clause 10.1.6; IS 13920:2016)
200
10.3 Shear Design = 0.0025 + 0.01375 (4000) = 0.00318
Factored shear stress demand = 𝑡

𝑉𝑢 Hence, τc = 0.39 MPa
𝑤𝑑𝑤
(Table 19; IS 456:2000)
508 𝑥 103
= 200 𝑥3200
= 0.79 MPa
Shear taken by concrete = 0.39 x 200 x 3200 =
251 kN
Here factored shear stress demand < 0.25 √𝑓𝑐𝑘
= 1.25 MPa but wall thickness is 200 mm. Shear taken by steel = (0.7938-0.3926) x 200 x
3200 = 256 kN
Hence, reinforcement bars shall be provided in
to two curtains within the cross section of wall,

Here nominal shear stress demand (τv=0.7938

MPa) is less than maximum design shear
strength (τc,max = 3.1 MPa) but more than design
shear strength of concrete (τc = 0.3926 MPa), Figure 10.4 Compressive stress distribution
Hence, design shear reinforcement shall be at extreme fibre
provided as, Here, maximum compressive stress along
𝑉𝑢𝑠 extreme fibre (c = 15.81 MPa) is greater than
𝐴ℎ = 𝑑
0.87𝑓𝑦 ( )
𝑠𝑣 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙
0.2 fck = 0.2 x 25 = 5 MPa
Hence as per clause 10.4.1 of IS 13920:2016,
(Clause 10.2.3 of IS 13920:2016)
boundary elements shall be provided.
𝑉𝑠 𝐴𝑠𝑣
𝑑
= 𝑆𝑣
0.87𝑓𝑦  Adopt 200 x 400 mm size boundary
element.
𝐴𝑠𝑣 256 𝑥 103
=
𝑆𝑣 3200 𝑥 0.87 𝑥 415
𝐴𝑠𝑣
Required 𝑆𝑣
= 0.20
𝐴𝑠𝑣 2 𝑥 78.53
Available = = 0.52 > Required.
𝑆𝑣 300
Figure 10.5 Cross section of wall in plan
Hence the nominal steel provided will satisfy with boundary elements
horizontal steel requirements.
10.6 Calculation of flexural strength of shear
Again here (𝑣,𝑛𝑒𝑡 ) = 0.00318 wall
Pu = factored axial compressive force on wall
Av = 0.00318 x 200 x 1000 = 636 mm2 (in two
layers) Pu = 1.2 (DL + LL) = 1.2 x (1980+648) =3154
1000∗ 78.53
kN
Sv = 318
= 240 𝑚𝑚
The moment of resistance of slender
Provide, 10 mm diameter @ 240 mm c/c (327 rectangular shear wall section with uniformly
mm2 per meter length on each layer in vertical distributed vertical reinforcement may be
direction) estimated using expressions given in Annex A
of IS 13920:2016.
Note: All vertical bars shall be contained within
the horizontal bars; the horizontal bars shall Total vertical reinforcement = 327x2x3.2=
form a closed core concert area with closed 2092.8 mm2
loops and cross ties. 𝐴𝑣 2092.8
 = 𝑡 𝑤 𝐿𝑤
= 200 𝑥 4000 = 0.002616
(Clause 10.1.7 of IS 13920:2016)
𝑃𝑢 3154∗103
10.5 Check for boundary element 𝜆=𝑓 = = 0.1577
𝑐𝑘 𝑡𝑤 𝐿𝑤 25∗200∗4000
Now, P = total factored (dead +live) = 0.87 𝑓𝑦  0.87∗415∗0.002616

1.2(1980+648) = 3154 kN Ф= 𝑓𝑐𝑘
= 25
= 0.03778
𝑃 𝑀 3154 𝑥 103 6332 𝑥 106 𝑥6 𝑥𝑢 Ф+𝜆

Here, + = ± 𝐿𝑤
= 2Ф+0.36 = 0.4488
𝐴 𝑍 4000 𝑥 200 40002 𝑥 200
= 3.94 ± 11.87 𝑥𝑢 ∗
=
0.0035
= 0.4791
𝐿𝑤 0.87𝑓𝑦
0.0035+(0.002+ )
𝐸𝑠
Maximum stress = 15.81 MPa
𝑥𝑢 𝑥𝑢 ∗
Minimum stress = -7.93 MPa Here, <
𝐿𝑤 𝐿𝑤

𝑓𝑦
0.002+0.87 This load acts as tension at one end and
= 0.0035
𝐸𝑠
= 1.087 compression at other end.
Hence as per case (a) of Annex A, Total force at compression end = 493+316 =
809 kN (Comp.)
𝑀𝑅
= 0.05697
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑡𝑤 𝐿2𝑤 Total force at tension end = -493+237 = -256
kN (Tension)
MR = 4557 kNm < Applied factored moment
(Mu = 6332 kNm) 10.7.4 Required height of boundary element
10.7 Design of Boundary element The boundary element shall be extended upto
10.7.1 Calculation of moment and axial load the height where stress at extreme fibre is less
than 0.15fck = 0.15 x 25 = 3.75 MPa
to be carried by boundary element
As moment of resistance of shear wall section (Clause 10.4.1 of IS 13920:2016)
(MR= 4557 kNm) is less than the applied After calculating the stresses at other levels, let
external factored moment (Mu = 6332 kNm), us consider level, let us consider upto level 4
there will be a axial force in the boundary (see Figure 10.1),
element due to extra moment.
Pu = 1.2 x (792+162) = 1145 kN
10.7.2 Calculation of compression due to
axial loads (DL &LL) at both ends Mu = 1.2 x 548 = 658 kNm
200 𝑥 400 𝑃 𝑀 1145 𝑥 103 658 𝑥 106 𝑥6
Fraction of area at each end = 200 𝑥 4000 = 0.1 + = ±
𝐴 𝑍 4000 𝑥 200 40002 𝑥 200
Total compressive load on comp. side of wall = 1.90 ± 1.23

= 1.2 (DL+LL) = 1.2 x (1980+648) = 3154 kN
Maximum stress = 3.13 MPa < 3.75 MPa
Factored compression at compression end =
Minimum stress = 0.67 MPa
0.1 x 3154 = 316 kN
Hence, boundary element is provided upto
Total compressive load on tension side of wall
level 4 (H =12400 mm) only.
= 0.8xDL+1.2xLL = 0.8x1980+1.2x648 =
2362 kN 10.7.5 Design for Concentrated
Reinforcement
Factored compression at tension end = 0.1 x
2362 = 237 kN Let us calculate axial load carrying capacity of
boundary elements, considering short column
10.7.3 Calculation of total axial loads at both
action and with minimum reinforcement of
ends
0.8%.
Let, M1 = moment to be carried by boundary
(Clause 10.4.2 of IS 13920:2016)
element = Factored external moment –
moment of resistance of wall Pu = 0.4 fck Ac +0.67 fy Asc
= 6332-4557 = 1775 kN = 0.4x25x200x400+0.67x415x0.008x200x400
Axial load in boundary element = M1/c = 977 kN > 809 kN. ok.
= 1775 /3.60 = 493 kN Therefore, 0.08% of steel will be adequate to
take both tension and compression.
(Where c = centre to centre distance between
boundary elements as shown in Figure 10.5) Ast = 0.008 x 200 x 400 = 640 mm2
The largest diameter of longitudinal bar =
1/10th of thickness = 200/10 = 20 mm

(Clause 10.1.8; IS 13920:2016) c) 100 mm

Hence, provide 6 bars of 12 mm dia. as a But need not be less than 100 mm.
longitudinal reinforcement upto H=12.4 m
Hence, Sv = 100 mm
From this level onwards minimum of 4 bars of
12 mm dia. arranged in 2 layers shall be Provide, 8 dia. confining links @ 100 mm c/c
provided as a concentrated reinforcement at the upto H=12.4 m
ends of wall as per clause 10.3.3 of IS 10.8 Check for shear at construction joint
13920:2016.
As per clause 10.7 of IS 13920:2016, vertical
10.7.6 Check for tension reinforcement across a horizontal construction
Total tensile force = 256 kN (from 10.7.3) joint shall have the area, Ast given by,
256000 𝐴𝑠𝑡 0.92 𝑃𝑢

Ast required = = 709 mm2 ≥ (𝜏𝑣 − )
0.87 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑔 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑔
Ast provided = 640 mm2 Not ok. Where, τv= Factored shear stress at joint,
Let’s, revise reinforcement to 4 bars of 16 mm Pu = factored dead load

dia. as longitudinal reinforcement upto H=12.4 Ag = Gross cross sectional area of joint
m
It is conservative here to calculate the shear
Ast provided = 804 mm2 > Ast required Ok capacity at joint with zero axial loads.
Now, % of steel provided = 1 % Here, 𝜏𝑉 = 0.7937 MPa (From 10.3)
Revised compressive capacity (Pu) = 1022 Pu = 0 kN
kN
Ag = 200 x 3200 = 6.40 x 105 mm2
10.7.7 Calculation of confining
reinforcement in boundary element
reinforcement, shall be calculated as,
𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝐴𝑠ℎ = 0.05 𝑆𝑣 ℎ 𝑓𝑦
(Clause 10.4.4 of IS 13920:2016)

h = longer dimension of rectangular link
measured to its outer face = (400-40-40-12)/2
= 154 mm Figure 10.6 Compressive stress distribution
at extreme fibre
Assuming 8 dia. stirrups, Ash = 50.26 mm2
0.92 𝑥 6.40 𝑥 105
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (0.7937 − 0)
So, Sv = 108 mm 415
Spacing should not be more than, Ast = 1126 mm2
a) 1/3rd of minimum member dimension of Total vertical Ast provided = 2092.8 mm2
boundary element = 200/3 = 66 mm (From 10.6) more than required Ast
(1126mm2)
b) 6 times dia. of smallest longitudinal
reinforcement bar = 6 x 12 = 72 mm Ok

10.8 Ductility Check When boundary elements are considered,

As this check is not mentioned in IS ⸪ 𝑀𝑢 = 6,332 kN-m.
13920:2016, special literature is refereed for
𝛾𝑤 = 1.43
ductility check of shear wall.
200𝑥4,0003
10.8.1. Calculation of inelastic rotational 𝐼𝑔 = = 1.067 x 1012 mm4
12
demand
Ie = 0.6 x 1.067 x 1012 = 0.6402 x 1012 mm4
θic ≥ θid
Ec = 5000 √𝑓𝑐𝑘 =5000 x √25 = 25,000 MPa
i.e. inelastic rotational capacity ≥ inelastic
rotational demand
Figure 10.7 Ductility

Inelastic rotational demand (θid ) Figure 10.8 Deflection of wall under lateral
force action
∆𝑖𝑑
𝜃𝑖𝑑 = 𝑙 h*= 2/3 H = 10333 mm
(ℎ𝑤 − 𝑤)
2
Where, Δid =Δd-Δy 𝑉𝑢 . (ℎ∗ )2

∆𝑓 = (3ℎ𝑤 − ℎ∗ )
6𝐸𝐼𝑒
And Δd = Δf R
508 𝑥 103 (10333)2
Δf can be determined using one of = (3 𝑥 15,500 −
6 𝑥 25,000 𝑥 0.6402 𝑥 1012
commercially available software packages 10,333)
(e.g. SAP 2000) or by hand calculations.
= (5.64 x 10-4) x (36,167)
In any case, Δf corresponds to seismic force
Ve/R Δf = 20.42 mm
Approximately, Δf can be estimated as

𝑅
𝑉.(ℎ ∗)2 ⸪ ∆𝑑 = ∆𝑓 ( )
∆𝑓 = (3ℎ𝑤 − ℎ∗ ) 𝐼
6𝐸𝐼𝑑
4
𝑉𝑢 = 1.2 𝑉 = 423 x 1.2 = 508 kN ∆𝑑 = 20.42 ( ) = 81.68 mm
1
Design moment of inertia of walls,

𝐼𝑒 = 𝛼𝑤 𝐼𝑔 (Clause 21.2.5.2 of A 23.3-14) ∆𝑦 = ∆𝑓 𝛾𝑤
Where, 𝛼𝑤 = 0.6 = 20.42 x 1.43

𝑀 ∆𝑦 = 29.2 mm
𝛾𝑤 𝑖𝑠 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝑀𝑛 ≥ 1.3
𝑢
1.25
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑢 0.87 = 1.43 𝑀𝑢
∆𝑖𝑑 = ∆𝑑 − ∆𝑦
𝑀𝑢 = Factored applied moment

= 81.68-29.2 Where c = depth of neutral axis

𝑥𝑢
∆𝑖𝑑 = 52.48 mm 𝑐= = 0.4488 = 0.4488 x 4000
𝑙𝑤
= 1795.2 mm
∆𝑖𝑑
⸪ 𝜃𝑖𝑑 = 0.0035 𝑥 4,000
𝑙
(ℎ𝑤 − 𝑤 )
2
 𝜃𝑖𝑐 = 2 𝑥 1795.2
− 0.002
52.48 𝜃𝑖𝑐 = 1.899 x 10-3
= 4,000
(15,500− )
2
𝜃𝑖𝑐 (1.899 𝑥 10−3 ) < 𝜃𝑖𝑑 (3.89 𝑥 10−3 )
𝜃𝑖𝑑 = 3.89 x 10 -3
It can be concluded that, wall does not meets
ductility as per A 23.3-14. The capacity can be
increased by increasing the length of shear
10.8.2. Calculation of inelastic rotational
wall.
capacity
𝜀𝑐𝑢 𝑙𝑤 If the length would be increased to 5 m
Now, 𝜃𝑖𝑐 = − 0.002 ductility check would be met.
2𝑐
10.9 Reinforcement details
Figure 10.7 Reinforcement details of shear wall in elevation

Figure 10.8 Reinforcement details of shear wall in plan Section A-A
Figure 10.9 Reinforcement details of shear wall in plan Section B-B

Example 11-Coupled Shear Wall Design for a Building in Zone V

Problem Statement
Design a ductile RC coupled shear wall for a 10-storey (G+9) office building shown in the Figure 11.1
and 11.2 below. The materials are M25 concrete and Fe 415 steel. The wall is to be detailed as a “Special
RC shear wall” according to IS 13920 standard. The example shows design for load combination
1.2(DL+LL+EL) only. In practice all other combinations should also be considered.
Gravity load are calculated with 200 mm RC Slab + 1kPa floor/roof finish and live load justified as 3
MPa. Here, 25% of LL has been considered for seismic weight calculations.
The unfactored forces at various floor levels are given in the Table 11.1 for the coupled wall as shown
in Figure 11.1.
Table 11.1 Unfactored forces at various floors

Level PDL (kN) PLL (kN) VEL (kN) MEL (kNm)
10 520 0 134 0
9 540 180 257 416
8 540 180 354 1213
7 540 180 428 2310
6 540 180 481 3637
5 540 180 519 5128
4 540 180 544 6737
3 540 180 557 8423
2 540 180 563 10150
1 540 180 565 11895
Base 5380 1620 565 13364
The above forces are for complete coupled shear wall. The forces in individual wall pier (i.e. WP1 and
WP2) are calculated using stiffness approach by modelling the wall piers as a wide column and coupling
beam as a beam. An elevation of shear wall and plan view of the prototype building are given in Figure
11.1 and 11.2.
Figure 11.1 Elevation Figure 11.2 Plan

Figure 11.2 Cross section of wall (WP1 and WP2) through opening in plan
Here it is proposed to design the coupled shear 11.2 Section Classification
wall A is shown in Figure 11.2. This wall
contains two wall piers (WP1 and WP2) Here, Wall thickness = 300 mm (minimum for
connected with coupled beam. building with coupled shear walls in any
seismic zones)
11.1 Given data
(Clause 10.1.2; IS 13920:2016)
Concrete grade = M25
Length / thickness = 2750/300 = 9.16 > 4
Steel grade = Fe 415
(Clause 10.1.3; IS 13920:2016)
R = 4 ; as per Table 9 of IS 1893:2016 for
ductile RC shear wall hw / Lw = 31000 /2750 = 11.27 >2
Height of shear wall (hw) = 3100 x 10 = 31000 Slender wall
mm, Total length of wall (lw) = 7000 mm
(Clause 10.1.4; IS 13920:2016)
Opening size = 1500 x 2100 mm
Special shear walls shall be provided with
 length of each wall = (7000-1500)/2 = 2750 uniformly spaced reinforcement in its cross
mm section along vertical and horizontal directions.
Effective length of wall (dw) = 0.8 x 2750 = (Clause 10.1.6; IS 13920:2016)
2200 mm (clause 10.2.1; IS 13920:2016)
11.3 Shear Design
Again, 50% of axial (dead +live) load is
𝑉𝑢
considered on a single wall. i.e. Factored shear stress demand = τv =
𝑡 𝑤 𝑑𝑤
Dead load = 1.2 x 5380/2 = 3228 kN 340 𝑥 103
= = 0.5151 MPa
300 𝑥 2200
Live load = 1.2 x 1620/2 = 972 kN
Here factored shear stress demand is less than
The maximum unfactored bending moment as
obtained at the base of single wall pier from 0.25 √𝑓𝑐𝑘 i.e. 1.25 MPa
the frame analysis is 1606 kN-m.
But here wall thickness is 300 mm.
Mu = 1.2 x 1606 = 1928 kN-m.
Hence, reinforcement bars shall be provided in
Similarly, the maximum unfactored shear to two curtains within the cross section of wall
force from frame analysis is 217 kN (as wall thickness is 300 mm > 200 mm) with
each curtain having bars running along vertical
Vu = 1.2 x 283 = 340 kN and horizontal directions.
Unfactored axial force obtained at the bottom (Clause 10.1.7; IS 13920:2016)
of wall pier = 2390 kN
The maximum spacing of vertical and
Pu = 1.2 x 2390 = 2868 kN horizontal bars shall not exceed smaller of,
The vertical wall A is designed for two axial 1. 1/5th horizontal length = 2750/5 = 550 mm
force conditions i.e. 1.2 x (DL+ LL)/2 ± 2. Three times tw = 3x300 = 900 mm
(Axial force due to lateral force obtained from 3. 450 mm.
frame analysis)
Hence, maximum spacing = 450 mm
(Clause 10.1.9; IS 13920:2016)

11.4 Design for distributed reinforcement 𝐴𝑠𝑣

Required = 0.43
𝑆𝑣
11.4.1 Design for horizontal reinforcement
𝐴𝑠𝑣 2 𝑥 78.54
Available 𝑆𝑣
= 200
= 0.78 > Required.
Here, τv = 0.5151 MPa
τc,max = 3.1 MPa (Table 20; IS 456:2000) Hence the nominal steel provided will satisfy
horizontal steel requirements.
ℎ
(ℎ ) = 0.0025 + 0.5 (𝐿 𝑤 − 2) (𝑣,𝑤𝑒𝑏 − 11.4.2 Design for vertical reinforcement
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑤
0.0025) 3
⸪ (𝑣 ) = 0.004
𝑚𝑖𝑛
Here web is not provided. So, v,web = 0
Av = 0.004 x 300 x 1000 = 1200 mm2
(ℎ ) = 0.0025
𝑚𝑖𝑛 1000 𝑥 78.53
Sv = 600
= 130 𝑚𝑚
 Ah = 0.0025 x 300 x 1000 = 750 mm in two 2
layers. Provide, 10 mm diameter @ 130 mm c/c (600

mm2 = 0.4% per meter length on each layer in
1000 𝑥 78.53
Sv = 375
= 209 𝑚𝑚 vertical direction)
Provide, 10 mm diameter @ 200 mm c/c (392 Wall piers will be checked for two axial forces.
mm2 = 0.26% per meter length on each layer in 11.5 For axial force 1 condition
horizontal direction)
In this case axial force due to lateral force will
From, Table 1 of IS 13920:2016, minimum be subtracted from axial force due to dead
area of vertical reinforcement of a shear wall as load and live load.
a fraction of gross area of cross section,
𝑡 Factored axial force and moment,
(𝑣,𝑛𝑒𝑡 ) = 0.0025 + 0.01375 ( 𝑤)
𝑙𝑤
Pu,WP1 = 1.2 x (DL+ LL)/2 – (Axial force due
300 to lateral force obtained from frame analysis)
= 0.0025 + 0.01375 ( ) = 0.004
2750
= 1.2 x (5380+ 1620)/2 -1.2x2390
Hence, τc = 0.438 MPa
Pu,WP1 = 1332 kN
(Table 19; IS 456:2000)
Mu,WP1 = 1928 kN-m
Shear taken by concrete = 0.438 x 300 x 2200
= 289 kN < Applied factored shear = 340 kN 11.5.1 Check for boundary element
Here, nominal shear stress demand (τv=0.5151 𝑃 𝑀 1332 𝑥 103 1928 𝑥 106 𝑥6
Here, 𝐴 + 𝑍
= 2750 𝑥 300 ± 27502 𝑥 300
MPa) is less than maximum design shear
strength (τc,max = 3.1 MPa) but more than design = 1.61 ± 5.10
shear strength of concrete (τc = 0.438 MPa),
Hence design shear reinforcement shall be Max stress = 6.71 MPa
provided as, Min stress = -3.49 MPa
𝑉𝑢𝑠
𝐴ℎ = 𝑑
0.87𝑓𝑦 ( )
𝑠𝑣 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙
(Clause 10.2.3 of IS 13920:2016)

𝑉𝑠 𝐴𝑠𝑣 Figure 11.3 Compressive stress distribution
𝑑
= 𝑆𝑣
0.87𝑓𝑦 at extreme fibre for axial force 1 condition
𝐴𝑠𝑣 340 𝑥 103 Here, maximum compressive stress (c = 6.71
𝑆𝑣
= 2200 𝑥 0.87 𝑥 415
MPa) along extreme fibre is greater than 0.2 fck
= 0.2 x 25 = 5 MPa, hence as per clause 10.4.1

of IS 13920:2016, boundary elements shall be 11.5.3.2 Calculation of compression due to

provided. axial loads (DL &LL) at both ends
 Adopt 300 x 400 mm size boundary 300 𝑥 400
Fraction of area at each end = 300 𝑥 2750 = 0.145
element.
Total factored compressive load on wall for
11.5.2 Calculation of flexural strength of
shear wall axial force 1 condition =
Pu,WP1 = factored axial compressive force on Pu = 0.8 x (DL+ LL)/2 - Axial force
wall Pu,WP1 = 1332 kN = 0.8 x (5380+ 1620)/2 -1.2x2390
The moment of resistance of slender Pu = 68 kN
rectangular shear wall section with uniformly
distributed vertical reinforcement may be Factored compression at compression end =
estimated using expressions given in Annex A 0.145 x 596 = 68 kN
of IS 13920:2016.
Total vertical reinforcement = 300x2x1.95= 68 = 10 kN
1170 mm2
11.5.3.4 Calculation of total axial loads at
𝐴𝑣 1170
 = 𝑡 𝑤 𝐿𝑤
= 300 𝑥 2750
= 0.001418 both ends
𝑃𝑢 1332∗103
Let, M1 = moment to be carried by boundary
𝜆=𝑓 = = 0.0645 element = Factored external moment –
𝑐𝑘 𝑡𝑤 𝐿𝑤 25∗300∗2750
moment of resistance of wall
0.87 𝑓𝑦  0.87∗415∗0.001418
Ф= 𝑓𝑐𝑘
= 25
= 0.0204
M1 = 0 kN-m (as MRWP1 > Mu,WP1)
𝑥𝑢 Ф+𝜆
𝐿𝑤
=
2Ф+0.36
= 0.2121 Axial force due to M1 = 0 kN
𝑥𝑢 ∗ 0.0035 Total force at compression end = 68+0 = 68

𝐿𝑤
= 0.87𝑓𝑦 = 0.4791
0.0035+(0.002+ ) kN (Comp.)
𝐸𝑠
𝑥 𝑥𝑢 ∗ Total force at tension end = 68+0 = 68 kN

Here, 𝐿 𝑢 < 𝐿𝑤
𝑤 (Comp.)
𝑓𝑦
0.002+0.87 11.5.3.5 Required height of boundary element
= 0.0035
𝐸𝑠
= 1.0872
The boundary element shall be extended upto
Hence as per case (a) of Annex A, the height where stress at extreme fibre is less
𝑀𝑅𝑊𝑃1 than 0.15fck = 0.15 x 25 = 3.75 MPa.
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑡𝑤 𝐿2𝑤
= 0.0345
(Clause 10.4.1 of IS 13920:2016)
MR,WP1 = 1957 kNm >Applied factored
moment (Mu,WP1 =1928 kNm) After calculating the stresses at other levels, let
us consider level 4 i.e 11.9 m (see Figure
11.5.3 Design of Boundary element 10.1),
11.5.3.1 Calculation of moment and axial Pu = 1.2 x (3220+900)/2 -1.2 x 1240
load to be carried by boundary element
Where, 1240 kN is the axial force due to
As moment of resistance of shear wall section lateral force obtained from frame analysis.
(MR,WP1 =1957 kNm) is more than the applied
external factored moment (Mu,WP1 =1928 kNm), Pu = 984 kN
there will not be axial force in the boundary Mu = 1.2 x 735 = 882 kN-m
element due to extra moment.

𝑃𝑢 𝑀𝑢 984 𝑥 103 882 𝑥 106 𝑥6
+ = ±
𝐴 𝑍 2750 𝑥 300 27502 𝑥 300
= 1.19 ± 2.33
Max stress = 3.52 MPa < 3.75 MPa Figure 11.3 Compressive stress distribution
at extreme fibre for axial force 2 condition
Hence, boundary element is provided upto
level 4 (H =11.9 m) only. Here, max stress compressive stress (c=11.68
MPa) along extreme fibre is greater than 0.2
11.5.3.6 Design fck = 0.2 x 25 = 5 MPa.
Let us calculate axial load carrying capacity of Hence as per clause 10.4.1 of IS 13920:2016,
boundary elements, considering short column boundary elements shall be provided.
action and with reinforcement of 0.8 %.  Adopt 300 x 400 mm size boundary
(Clause 10.4.2 of IS 13920:2016) element.
Pu = 0.4 fck Ac +0.67 fy Asc 11.6.2 Calculation of flexural strength of

shear wall
= 0.4x25x400x300+0.67x415x0.008x400x300
Pu,WP2 = factored axial compressive force on
= 1226 kN > 68 kN wall = 7068 kN
Therefore 0.8% of steel with 200 x 300 mm The moment of resistance of slender
boundary element is adequate to take axial rectangular shear wall section with uniformly
loads. distributed vertical reinforcement may be
estimated using expressions given in Annex A
Ast = 0.008 x 200 x 300 = 480 mm2 of IS 13920:2016.
The largest diameter of longitudinal bar = Total vertical reinforcement = 300x2x1.95=
1/10th of thickness = 300/10 = 30 mm 1170 mm2
𝐴𝑣 1170
(Clause 10.1.8; IS 13920:2016)  = 𝑡 𝑤 𝐿𝑤
= 300 𝑥 2750 = 0.001418
Hence, provide 6 bars of 12 mm dia. as a
𝑃𝑢 7068∗103
longitudinal reinforcement. 𝜆= = = 0.3426
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑡𝑤 𝐿𝑤 25∗300∗2750
11.6 For axial force 2 condition 0.87 𝑓𝑦  0.87∗415∗0.001418

Ф= 𝑓𝑐𝑘
= 25
= 0.0204
Factored axial force and moment,
𝑥𝑢 Ф+𝜆
Pu,WP2 = 1.2 x (DL+ LL)/2 + (Axial force due 𝐿𝑤
= 2Ф+0.36 = 0.9057
to lateral force obtained from frame analysis) 𝑥𝑢 ∗ 0.0035
𝐿𝑤
= 0.87𝑓𝑦 = 0.4791
= 1.2 x (5380+ 1620)/2 +1.2x2390 0.0035+(0.002+ )
𝐸𝑠
Pu,WP2 = 7068 kN 𝑥 𝑥𝑢 ∗
Here, 𝐿 𝑢 < 𝐿𝑤
𝑤
Mu,WP2 = 1928 kN-m 𝑓𝑦
0.002+0.87
11.6.1 Check for boundary element = 0.0035
𝐸𝑠
= 1.0872
𝑃 𝑀 7068 𝑥 103 1928 𝑥 106 𝑥6 Hence as per case (a) of Annex A,
Here, 𝐴 + 𝑍
= 2750 𝑥 300 ± 27502 𝑥 300
𝑀𝑢,𝑊𝑃2
= 8.56 ± 5.10 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑡𝑤 𝐿2𝑤
= 0.0353
Max stress = 13.66 MPa MRWP2 = 2002 kNm >Applied factored

Min stress = 3.46 MPa moment (Mu,WP2=1928 kNm)

11.6.3 Design of Boundary element Pu = 1.2 x (1600+360)/2 +1.2 x 410

11.6.3.1 Calculation of moment and axial Where, 410 kN is the axial force due to lateral
load to be carried by boundary element force obtained from frame analysis.
As moment of resistance of shaer wall section Pu = 1668 kN
(MRWP2 = 2002 kNm) is more than the applied
external factored moment (Mu,WP2=1928 kNm), Mu = 1.2 x 285 = 342 kN-m
there will not be axial force in the boundary 𝑃 𝑀 1668 𝑥 103 342 𝑥 106 𝑥6
+ = ±
element due to extra moment. 𝐴 𝑍 2750 𝑥 300 27502 𝑥 300
11.6.3.2 Calculation of compression due to = 2.02 ± 0.90

axial loads (DL &LL) at both ends Max stress = 2.92 MPa < 3.75 MPa
300 𝑥 400
Fraction of area at each end = 300 𝑥 2750 = 0.145 Hence, boundary element is provided upto
level 7 (H =21.2 m) only.
Total factored compressive load on wall for
axial force 2 condition = 11.6.3.5 Design
Pu = 1.2 x (DL+ LL)/2 + Axial force Let us calculate axial load carrying capacity of
boundary elements, considering short column
Pu = 7068 kN
action and with reinforcement of 0.8 %.
Factored compression at compression end =
(Clause 10.4.2 of IS 13920:2016)
0.145 x 7068 = 1025 kN
Pu = 0.4 fck Ac +0.67 fy Asc
7068 = 1025 kN = 0.4x25x400x300+0.67x415x0.008x400x300
11.6.3.3 Calculation of total axial loads at = 1226 kN > 1025 kN
both ends
Therefore 0.8% of steel with 200 x 300 mm
Let, M1 = moment to be carried by boundary boundary element is adequate to take axial
element = Factored external moment – loads.
moment of resistance of wall
Ast = 0.008 x 200 x 300 = 480 mm2
M1 = 0 kN-m (as MRWP2 > Mu,WP2)
The largest diameter of longitudinal bar =
Axial force due to M1 = 0 kN 1/10th of thickness = 300/10 = 30 mm
Total force at compression end = 1025+0 = (Clause 10.1.8; IS 13920:2016)

1025 kN (Comp.)
Hence, provide 6 bars of 12 mm dia. as a
Total force at tension end = 1025+0 = 1025 kN longitudinal reinforcement.
(Comp.)
From above two possible cases of forces second
11.6.3.4 Required height of boundary element case is critical as in this height of boundary
element required is more. Moreover now, the
The boundary element shall be extended upto reinforcement in boundary element is same for
the height where stress at extreme fibre is less both the cases but if it’s different then max of
than 0.15fck = 0.15 x 25 = 3.75 MPa. this two cases shall be adopted.
(Clause 10.4.1 of IS 13920:2016) 11.7 Calculation of confining reinforcement
After calculating the stresses at other levels, let in boundary element
us consider level 7 i.e 21.2 m (see Figure The area of cross section Ash of the bar
10.1), forming rectangular hoop to be used as special

𝑉
confining reinforcement, shall be calculated 𝐴𝑠𝑑 = 1.74 𝑓𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
𝑦
as,
𝑓𝑐𝑘 Where, α = angle made by diagonal
𝐴𝑠ℎ = 0.05 𝑆𝑣 ℎ 𝑓𝑦 reinforcement with horizontal = tan-1
(depth/span) = tan-1 (1000/1500) =33.33o
(Clause 10.4.4 of IS 13920:2016)
340 𝑥 103
𝐴𝑠𝑑 = 1.74 𝑥 415 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛(33.33) = 856 𝑚𝑚2
h = longer dimension of rectangular link
measured to its outer face = (300-40-40-25)/2 Provide 8 bars of 12 mm dia. as a longitudinal
= 97.5 mm reinforcement along each diagonal shall be
enclosed by following confining reinforcement.
Assuming 8 dia. stirrups, Ash = 50.26 mm2
Spacing of links over a length 2d on either side
So, Sv = 171 mm of beam shall not exceed minimum of ,
Spacing should not be more than, i. d/4 = 244/4 = 61 mm
i. rd
1/3 of min. member dimension of ii. 6 times dia. of smallest longitudinal
bar = 8 x 12 = 72 mm
boundary element = 300/3 = 100 mm
iii. 100 mm
ii. 6 times dia. of smallest longitudinal
reinforcement bar = 6 x 25 = 150 mm Hence, provide 8 mm dia. bar at 60 mm c/c as
iii. 100 mm a transverse reinforcement. The first link shall
at a distance not exceeding 50 mm from the
But need not be less than 100 mm. joint face.
Hence, Sv = 100 mm 11.9 Reinforcement design for opening in
wall
Provide, 8 dia. confining links @ 100 mm c/c
upto H=32 m. Shear strength of wall with opening should be
checked at critical horizontal planes passing
11.8 Check for Coupling Beams (As per
through openings.
Clause 10.5 of IS 13920:2016)
Here, the opening is of size 1500 x 2100 mm (Clause 10.6.1of IS 13920:2016)
Clear span of coupling beam = 1500 mm Here, opening size = 1500 x 2100 mm
Additional steel reinforcement shall be
Overall depth of beam = 3100-2100 = 1000
provided along all four edges of opening in
mm
wall. Further, the interrupted area shall be
𝑉 340000 provided half on either side of wall in each
𝜏𝑣𝑒 = 𝑏𝑑𝑒 = 300 𝑥 1000
= 1.13 MPa
direction.
𝐿 1500
0.1 √𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( 𝐷𝑠 ) = 0.1√25 (1000) = 1.11 MPa (Clause 10.6.2(a) of IS 13920:2016)
𝐿 11.9.1 Horizontal Reinforcement
As 𝜏𝑣𝑒 > 0.1 √𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( 𝐷𝑠 ), hence, there is a
need of diagonal reinforcement to resist ⸪ (ℎ ) = 0.0026
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
earthquake induced shear, bending moment
and axial compression. Further, area of  Horizontal reinforcement area interrupted by
diagonal reinforcement along each diagonal this opening = 2100 x 300 x 0.0026 = 1638
shall be estimated. mm2
11.8.1 Design of diagonal beam
Three bars of 20 mm dia. should be provided in
Assume a diagonal beam of size 150 x 300 each layer of horizontal reinforcement on each
mm. side of opening.
d = 300 – 30-8-12-(12/2) = 244 mm

These bars should be provided with It is conservative here to calculate the shear
development length (Ld = 40.3Ф = 40.3x20 = capacity at joint with zero axial loads.
810 mm) in tension beyond the edge of
opening. Here, 𝜏𝑉 = 0.5151MPa (From 11.3)
(Clause 10.2.6(c) of IS 13920:2016) Pu = 0 kN
11.9.2 Vertical Reinforcement Ag = 300 x 2200 = 6.60 x 105 mm2
The area of vertical reinforcement is = 0.40 %

Vertical reinforcement area interrupted by this
opening = 1500 x 300 x 0.004 = 1800 mm2
Hence, three bars of 20 mm dia. should be
provided in each layer of vertical reinforcement
throughout the length on each side of opening.
(Clause 10.6.2 of IS 13920:2016)
Figure 10.6 Compressive stress distribution

11.10 Check for shear at construction at extreme fibre
joint
0.92 𝑥 6.60 𝑥 105
As per clause 10.7 of IS 13920:2016, vertical 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = (0.5151 − 0)
415
reinforcement across a horizontal construction
Ast = 754 mm2
joint shall have the area, Ast given by,
𝐴𝑠𝑡 0.92 𝑃
Total vertical Ast provided = 1170 mm2 (From
𝐴𝑔
≥ 𝑓𝑦
(𝜏𝑣 − 𝐴𝑢 ) 10.6) more than required Ast (754 mm2)
𝑔
Where, τv= Factored shear stress at joint, Ok
Pu = factored dead load

Ag = Gross cross sectional area of joint 11.11 Reinforcement details

Figure 11.4 (a) Reinforcement details in elevation
Figure 11.4 (b) Reinforcement details around opening in elevation

Figure 11.5 (c) Reinforcement details of Section A-A
Figure 11.5 (d) Reinforcement details of Section B-B
Figure 11.5 (e) Reinforcement details of Section C-C

Figure 11.5 (f) Reinforcement details of coupling beams with diagonal reinforcement

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Document No. :: IITGN-WB-EQ6-V1.

Explanatory Examples on Ductile Detailing of

Dr. Sudhir K Jain

Example 1 — Beam Design of RC Frame building in Seismic Zone V

Figure 1.0 Plan of building (All dimensions in meters)

Table 1.1 Schedule of member sizes

IITGN-WB-EQ6-V1.0 Example 1/Page 1

Roof RB1 Roof RB1

a. Dead Load b. Live Load

IITGN-WB-EQ6-V1.0 Example 1/Page 2

building elements subjected to earthquakes. In two symmetrical spans, calculations need to be

Table 1.3 Force resultants in beam AB for various load cases

IITGN-WB-EQ6-V1.0 Example 1/Page 3

Table 1.4 Force resultants in beam AB for different load combinations

2 1.2(DL+LL+EQY) 29 192 101 65 185 -316

3 1.2(DL+LL-EQY) -173 -310 -89 38 -5 143

4 1.5(DL+EQY) 42 258 125 65 207 -371

5 1.5(DL-EQY) -195 -369 -113 32 -30 203

6 0.9DL+1.5 EQY 73 280 122 45 172 -337

7 0.9DL-1.5 EQY -164 -347 -115 12 -65 236

Hence, ok (Clause 6.1.2; IS 13920:2016) (Clause 6.2.1(b) of IS 13920: 2016)

Depth of beam, D = 600 mm Maximum reinforcement

Span, L = 5,000 mm (Clause 6.2.2 of IS 13920: 2016)

L 5,000 Design for Flexure

IITGN-WB-EQ6-V1.0 Example 1/Page 4

1.7.1 Design for Hogging Moment bf = width of flange

Ast at top = 1.48 % = 1,633 mm (lowest of the above)

= 1.48 x 300 x 532 /100 (Clause 23.1.2 of IS 456: 2000)

= 2,363 mm2 Substituting the values and solving the quadratic

IITGN-WB-EQ6-V1.0 Example 1/Page 5

IITGN-WB-EQ6-V1.0 Example 1/Page 6

Table 1.5 Flexural design for beam AB

(Clause 6.2.1(b) and

IITGN-WB-EQ6-V1.0 Example 1/Page 7

Figure1.7 Shear diagram

IITGN-WB-EQ6-V1.0 Example 1/Page 8

Vus =258 kN Spacing of links over a length of 2d at either end

Figure 1.8 Reinforcement details for the beam ABC

for the two cases i.e. detailing as per IS 13920:1993

IITGN-WB-EQ6-V1.0 Example 1/Page 9

Effect of Finite Size Correction (Rigid offset)

IITGN-WB-EQ6-V1.0 Example 1/Page 10

Example 2 has been dropped for draft report.

IITGN-WB-EQ6-V1.0 Example 2/Page 11

Example 3 — Interior Column Design of RC Frame Building in Seismic

IITGN-WB-EQ6-V1.0 Example 3/Page 12

Pu M2 M3 and summarised in Table 3.6. The detailed

Table 3.1 Force resultants in column AB for different load combinations

Table 3.2 Force resultants in column AB for different load combinations

1.2(DL+LL+EQX) -1252 204 0 -986 -204 0 -968 209 0 -711 -179 0

1.2(DL+LL-EQX) -1199 -202 0 -959 202 0 -941 -206 0 -702 177 0

1.2(DL+LL+EQY) -1226 1 -238 -972 -1 229 -954 1 -233 -707 -1 199

1.2(DL+LL-EQY) -1226 1 238 -972 -1 -229 -954 1 233 -707 -1 -199

1.5(DL+EQX) -1475 255 0 -1163 -255 0 -1140 261 0 -840 -224 0

1.5(DL-EQX) -1409 -252 0 -1130 252 0 -1107 -258 0 -828 221 0

1.5(DL+EQY) -1442 2 -297 -1146 -2 287 -1124 2 -291 -834 -2 249

1.5(DL-EQY) -1442 2 297 -1146 -2 -287 -1124 2 291 -834 -2 -249

3.3 Design Checks (Lowest at At or Bb among all load combination is

IITGN-WB-EQ6-V1.0 Example 3/Page 13

= 3.29 MPa > 0.08 fck (Clause 26.5.3.1 of IS 456: 2000)

Hence, ok (Clause 26.5.3.1 of IS 456: 2000)

Also, minimum dimension of column = 400 mm  5.1 Design of Column