Dr Radhika Raman Gramin Udyog

Kendra Project

Presented by
Bandana Chaturvedi
Introduction

In India dairying has been practiced as a rural cottage,

since the remote past. Semi commercial dairying started
with the establishment of military dairy farms and
cooperative milk unions throughout the country. To
meet the demand of the increasing population milk
production in India has to be increased. The importance
of milk in human diet especially for children and
expectant and nursing matter is vital. Now-a-days there
are greater demand of butter, ghee, cheese, skimmed
milk and other dairy products. The present data for
dairy products indicate that (46%) followed by ghee and
(28%) butter, cream, khoya, cheese, ice cream, curd etc.
accounting for the rest. The developing country like
India is increasing its foreign exchange by exporting
dairy products as well as other processed food products.

There are other advantages also of dairying. The

manure from animals provides a good source of organic
matter for improving soil fertility and crop yields. The
gobar gas from the dung is used as fuel for domestic
purposes as also for running engines for drawing water
from well. The surplus fodder and agricultural by-
products are gainfully utilised for feeding the animals.
Almost all draught power for farm operations and
transportation is supplied by bullocks. Since agriculture
is mostly seasonal, there is a possibility of finding
employment throughout the year for many persons
through dairy farming. Thus, dairy also provides
employment throughout the year.
The total milk production in the country for the year
2008-09 was estimated at 108.5 million metric tonnes
and the demand is expected to be 180 million tonnes by
2020. To achieve this demand annual growth rate in
milk production has to be increased from the present 2.5
% to 5%. Thus, there is a tremendous scope/potential
for increasing the milk production through profitable
dairy farming.
I. Selection of Animal :

1. Immediately after release of the loan stock shall be purchased

from a reliable breeder or from nearest livestock market.
2. Healthy, high yielding animals shall be selected with the help of
bank's technical officer, veterinary/animal husbandry officer of
State government/ Zilla Parishad, etc.
3. Purchase shall be of freshly calved animals in their first
lactation.
4. Before purchasing, we will ascertain actual milk yield by
milking the animal three times consecutively.
5. Identification of the newly purchased animal shall be by giving
suitable identification mark (ear tagging or tattooing).
6. The newly purchased animal shall be vaccinated against
disease.
7. The newly purchased animal shall be kept under observation
for a period of about two weeks and then shall be mixed with
the general herd.
8. Initially minimum economical unit of twenty five milch animals
shall be purchased.
9. Second, third & fourth batch of animals of 25 each shall be
purchased at the interval of three month from the purchase of
the previous batch.
10. Animals shall be sold after 6-7 lactations.

II. Feeding of Milch Animals

1. Animals shall be fed with best feeds and fodders.
2. Shall be given adequate green fodder.
3. As far as possible, green fodder shall be grown on our land
wherever available.
4. Chaffed Roughage shall be given.
5. Grains and concentrates shall be crushed properly.
6. Flaky and crumbly oil cakes shall be used.
7. Before feeding concentrate mixture shall be moisten.
8. Adequate vitamins and minerals shall be provided. Adequate
and clean water shall be provided.

III. Milking of Animals

1. Animals shall be milked two times a day.
2. Shall be milked at fixed times - 12 hourly.
3. Shall be milked in one sitting within eight minutes.
 4. As far as possible, milking shall be done by the same person
regularly.
5. Shall milk the animal in the cleaned shed.
6. Shall wash the udder and teat with Potassium per magnate
lotion and dry before milking.
7. It shall be ensured that milkier is free from any contagious
diseases and shall wash his hands with antiseptic lotion before
each milking.
8. Milking shall be done with full hands after cleaning hand with
Potassium per magnate lotion, quickly and completely followed
by stripping.

IV. Protection against Diseases

1. All the animals shall be properly vaccinated before and after

purchase,
2. Shall be on the alert for signs of illness such as reduced feed
intake, fever, abnormal discharge or unusual behaviour.
3. Shall consult the nearest veterinary aid centre for help if illness
is suspected.
4. Shall deworm the animals at regular interval of three months
and calves shall be dewormed at the interval of one month.
5. Shall examine the feces of adult animals to detect eggs of
internal parasites and shall treat the animals with suitable
drugs.
6. Shall wash the animals daily.

V. Breeding Care

1. Shall try to get the cows conceived within three months of

calving.
2. Pregnancy test shall be done after a month of calving.
3. Insemination shall be done with frozen semen of the same
breed.

VI. Care during Pregnancy

Shall give special attention to pregnant cows two months before

calving by providing adequate space, feed, water etc.
VII. Marketing of Milk

1. Marketing of milk shall be immediately after it is drawn.

2. Shall use clean utensils and milk shall be handled in hygienic way.
3. Shall wash milk pails/cans/utensils thoroughly with detergent
and shall finally be rinsed with chloride solution.
4. Shall avoid too much agitation of milk during transit.
5. Shall transport milk during cool hours of the day.

VIII. Care of Calves

1. Care of new born calf shall be taken.

2. Shall treat/disinfect the navel cord with tincture of iodine as soon
as it is cut with a sharp knife.
3. Shall feed colostrums to calf.
4. Shall assist the calf to suckle if it is too weak to suckle on its own
within 30 minutes of calving.
5. In case it is desired to wean the calf immediately after birth, then
calf shall be fed colostrums in bucket.
6. Shall keep the calf separately from birth till two months of age in a
dry clean and well ventilated place.
7. Shall protect the calves against extreme weather conditions,
particularly during the first two months.
8. Shall group the calves according to their size.
9. Shall vaccinate calves.
10. Shall dehorn the calves around 2 to 7 days of age for easy
management when they grow.
11. Extra calves not to be reared/maintained for any specific purpose
shall be disposed as early as possible, particularly the male calves.
12. The female calves shall be properly reared.
Before starting a dairy farm the entrepreneurs/ farmers & medicine in that locality.

Housing for cows

Floor – it will be Pucca, rough strong concrete cemented,

impervious to moisture, and have slope 1 in 60 towards gutter.
Plinth would be 3ft. higher than ground.

Walls -3ft. high lengthwise brick or wall on sides, End wall

should be solid made of bricks.

Roof – It would be 16ft. high at the centre and 9 ft. high on the
side wall. There would be hang over 3ft beyond wall to prevent
rain water entering cow shade. Roof will be of asbestos, or tile.
Thatched roof can replace asbestos in low cost housing.
ITEMS SQ MT IN METER AREA IN SQ FT

MANGER 0.75 X 0.75M = 0.56 SQ MTR 6

STANDING PLACE 2 x 1.05 M = 2.1 SQ MTR 22

LOAF SPACE 2.5 X 2.5 M = 6.25 SQ MTR 67

GUTTER 0.25 X 1 M = 0.25 SQ MTR 3

FEEDING PASSAGE 1.2 X1 M = 1.25 SQ MTR 13

MILKING PLACE 1.2 X 1 M = 1.25 SQ MTR 13

TOTAL 124
This project report is based on following assumption:-

 Freshly calved crossbred/indigenous descriptive dairy

Breed)cows in 1st or 2nd lactation will be purchased in
four batches of twenty five animals each at an interval of
one months.
 Availability of 2 acres of irrigated land is prerequisite for
the project, in absence of irrigated land provision of well
and pump set has to be included in the project report.

 Cow dung produced will be utilized as Manure for fodder

cultivation.

 Cost of rearing calves not considered as it will be repealed

by their sale

 In case of death of cow new cow will be purchased from

insurance claim money.