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Avljeet Agencies Construction Ltd.

Executive Summary

“World’s Choice for Soil Stabilization”

Welcome to Avijeet Agencies Construction Ltd, an affiliate of Avijeet

Agency, India and Nature Plus Inc., USA. The Company is incorporated in
Nigeria as a Limited Liability Company. We are multi-faceted with particular
interest in Procurement, General Supplies, Civil/Structural, Services (Electrical
and Mechanical) Engineering, Building & Engineering Construction.

In the past 15 years through technological innovations, engineers and

scientist have researched and developed a creative, concise, cheaper and eco-
friendly technology in road construction that will ultimately catapult the use of
enzyme-based road construction, as a viable alternative to conventional
method in building and managing public and private road infrastructure
projects. Since 1999, our affiliates have worked diligently to establish strategic
alliances with reputable and trusted organizations worldwide. For the time
being, energies have been focused on the Latin American markets where the
World Bank and Mercosur countries (Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay,
and Paraguay) have placed a high priority in investing in roads, highways and
water/soils management. It is our mission to fast track the development of
our beloved State, (Akwa Ibom) / Nigeria and this has become a major focus
for Avijeet Agencies Construction Ltd as part of our contribution to the
developmental strides of our amiable Governor, His Excellency Udom
Gabriel Emmanuel.

TerraZyme® is a 100% environmentally safe, enzyme- based soils

stabilization/bonding solution. TerraZyme®, when mixed with clay, dirt and
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other soils, acts as a unifying agent bonding the soil; and acts as a “concrete
or asphalt substitute” after application and compaction.

TerraZyme is an effective and non-corrosive liquid enzyme that extensively

enhances the geo-technique properties of the soil used for construction of
roads. It is a surfactant and its application assists in the expulsion of water
from soils, and also helps in the lubrication of soil particles and increases the
compatibility of many kinds of soils. Its reaction with many of these materials
is particularly useful because of the ion-exchange capacity of clay minerals.
TerraZyme® can be used for various types of soil ranging from black cotton
soils to hard clay soils. It can be used for all those types of soil which have a
minimum 10% of clay particles. TerraZyme is generally used for treatment of
soils having Plasticity Index (PI) in the range of 6.25 to 7.25. Soils after being
treated with TerraZyme start behaving like a semi-rigid pavement structure
with much reduced permeability. TerraZyme is also designed to improve soil
strength by increasing the density of the initial compaction and facilitating the
removal of pore water, which helps in minimizing the destructive impact of
water under load.

Eighty Five (85%) percent of all enzymes roads in South America are
constructed from a clay and dirt composition, which turns to mud when rain
falls. Given the high annual rainfall in these countries, many roads are under
water for weeks at a time. Trucks and basic transportation is crippled or
limited on these roads causing harvested crops to perish before they can
reach the market. Creating travelable roads under any conditions with
TerraZyme® allows this crop loss to be reduced by 15-25%. This reduction in
loss equates to savings in millions of dollars. It just makes sense to build
affordable natural roads especially in our rural areas that will put up with the
elements and reduce costly maintenance repairs.

How TerraZyme Works

The soils under consideration are mainly gravelly clay, silty clay, clayey sand,
medium to fine sand-clay mixtures, silt and clay mix etc. It has been proved
that there is an increase in CBR value of more than 100% and Relative
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compaction by almost 100%. The clay minerals have a predominately positive

ionic charge this causes clay minerals to have a strong attraction for any
cations present in the material. Cations are attracted to the positive clay
minerals. Nominal temperatures will not remove them. This layer of water is
known as the electrostatic diffused double layer system. The Large cations,
such as sodium or water, cannot fit easily into these sites and get replaced.
Small cations, on the other hand, fit firmly into these vacated sites and cannot
be removed. We thus have a situation in which the clay's negative charge is
balanced and positive ions cannot be removed, thus rendering the clay inert
to water. TerraZyme® which is a cations-reactive synthetic compound forms a
protective coating of an oily clay layer on the surfaces of soil and clay
particles this reduces the ion mobility and ion exchange and thereby makes
the material hydrophobic by eliminating the absorption of water. The result so
obtained is a soil material which is much less sensitive to moisture, more
workable and it can be easily compacted to a better particle-interlock state by
simple equipment and traffic forces. Better particle interlocking means higher
internal friction and thus an improved bearing capacity of the resultant soil. It
also means greater density and less penetration of water in to the soil thus
reducing the maintenance required. The soil mass is now a permanently
stable, Water Repellent Road Surface similar to that of a rigid pavements
made of Concrete but with better properties.

Company Objective
It is our goal to introduce this innovation into Akwa Ibom State in the
infrastructural development of roads in the state, especially in the rural areas
that will stand up to extreme climate conditions, heavy road traffic, reduce
environmental impact and extremely reduce the construction and
maintenance cost. With these lower costs associated with TerraZyme® roads,
it allows for more roads to be built. This in turn can open up communication
and transportation routes that may have otherwise been shut down or closed
off due to damaged or poor road conditions. In our quest to increase
connectivity between rural communities, towns and cities. We also want to be
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responsible for preserving the natural resources and environmental integrity

of the areas we are working in.
As budgets get tighter and environmental conditions worsen there has to be a
shift in the way we build our roads. With TerraZyme®, a viable alternative to
roads building and construction process is inevitable. With that being said,
Avijeet Agencies Construction Ltd, looks to stay ahead of the competition and
build roads that will outlast the conventional method for years to come.

Background
Avijeet Agencies Construction Ltd was incorporated of late and is diligently
committed to excellent implementation of projects in total conformity to
international best practices / given specifications. We have developed an eye
for the minutest details not minding the obscurity of such details in the
engineering designs and drawings. This spirit of total commitment has enabled
us to cultivate an extremely careful attitude towards executing each project
with the desired attention.

Our team of engineers and top-flight technicians have also gotten their “sense
of perfection” sharpened, to a degree whereby the most minute of latent errors
in any project are always been nipped in the bud, owing to their vast years of
experience.

Mission
Our mission is to utilize the vast resource of soil in the given area to construct
natural road that will not endanger the environment and cut the costs
associated with conventional road construction and maintenance.

Client Value
Avijeet Agencies Construction Ltd offers these affordable natural road
construction services and can outperform conventional road construction in:

• Construction Cost Reduction:

 10% to 40% cost savings over equivalent traditional paved roads.
 Double-course chip seal savings are 30% to 40%.
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• Construction Time:
 Roads (1Km) are constructed in 1-3 days depending on conditions.
 Roads are drivable after construction in 24hrs (light traffic).
• Maintenance Cost Reduction:
 40% to 50% of all production roads.
 Reduces maintenance of secondary roads without asphalt. topping
from 2-3 times per year to once every 5 to 10 years.
• Minimum Special Equipment Needed:
 Tractor, Grader, water truck, and compactor.
• Ease of Application:
 Soluble in water.
• Superior Performance:
 Catalytically bonds soil particles like cement.
 Semi-rigid pavement.
 Dense permanent road sub-base, base & surface.
 Lowers surface tension of water.
 Resists water penetration, weathering and wear.
 Greater compaction.
 Can be applied in wide weather ranges.
 Long Life Span.
• Will Not Clog or Harm Equipment:
 Actually cleanses tanks, nozzles and equipment.
• Super-Concentrated
 Minimize storage and shipping costs.
 Shipped in 5-gallon (20ltre) containers anywhere quickly.

What is an enzyme?
 A natural protein.
 Functions as a biological catalyst.

How do enzymes work?

 Attaching the substrate molecule to a specific molecular site.
 Reducing energy needed for chemical bonding.
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Enzyme Soil Stabilizer Facts (TerraZyme)

 A natural enzyme soil base stabilizer.
 Totally non-hazardous for easy handling (no special protective gear
needed).
 Uses locally available soils.
o Avoids source material impact.
o Avoids external material contamination.
 Minimize erosion.
 Storage Life (3-5 years plus).

Steps Involved in Natural Road Construction Using TerraZyme

1. Identifying the soil composition by getting a lab test of the soil.

2. Prepare road bed

a. Loosen road bed.
b. Pre-grade.
c. Add Enzyme specified materials.

3. Determine TerraZyme needed

a. 1 Liter/33 cubic meters.
b. Optimum moisture 7 actual moisture.

4. Pre-Mix TerraZyme with water and spray (minimum 1:300).

5. 7.3m wide x 0.15m thick road layers (42Ltrs/km).

6. Spray Solution
a. Evenly over road bed & mix thoroughly.

7. Check soil for proper moisture

a. Begin grading and compaction.
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8. Allow 72hrs to cure

a. Light traffic allowed while curing.

Illustrations on Road Building TerraZyme & Materials

Typical Farm Road

Initial grading of road bed

Applying TerraZyme solution

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Mixing solution into soil

Compacting soil after soaking & mixing

Completed road after grading and compaction

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Timeline — For (1) Kilometer of Road

1. Five (5) gallons (0.023m3 of soil from the project area is needed for
testing). When samples are for a Km, they need to be taken from the start of
the Km and from the middle of the road as well as from the end of the Km.
2. Then the soil needs to be tested. (From the information provided to you)
3. Once the soil is tested, the results will be emailed to our foreign partners so
that they can analyze the data and evaluate what needs to be done with the
soil.
4. Once we have received the soil test it will take 24-48 hours to review the
soil test results. If all looks good we will be able to start the road construction
processes.
5. With all equipment and water at the project location we would finish 1km
of road in 1-3 days.

Scope of Services
Avijeet Agencies Construction Ltd
• Natural Road Construction
• Natural Sidewalk & Curb Construction
• Retention Wall Stabilization
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• Lake Bed Sealing

• Engineering Consultancy

List of References
Avijeet Agencies Construction Ltd.’s affiliates competed in and came out in the
top 3 products chosen out of 52 in a World Bank Bid U BIRF 3685-PA
Paraguay

The State of Parana in Brazil has approved the use of TerraZyme Roads.
City of Cascavel in Brazil has approved the use of TerraZyme Roads.
Roads have been constructed in, but not limited to these countries:
• Brazil
• Paraguay
• Mexico
• Uruguay
• Chile
• Peru
• Argentina
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Appendix A — Executives & Joint Venture Partners

Mr. APOORVA J. MODI — Avijeet Agencies PVT. Ltd.

DIRECTOR & PRESIDENT
Mr. Apoorva J. Modi has over 15 year of experience in the marketing, sales,
distribution and applications of TerraZyme, specializing in road construction.
Under his supervision, TerraZyme has been utilized worldwide in infrastructure
construction, including countries such as India, Cameroon Paraguay, Congo
DR, Brazil, Mexico and Argentina and Asia. Through his supervision of
extended research and development of Enzymatic concrete, all soil types have
been found to achieve stabilization. Mr. Modi is, above all else, a consultant,
an entrepreneur with a focus on ecologically sound product for worldwide
preservation of the environment.

Alh. Sule Yunusa — Avijeet Agencies Construction Ltd.

Vice President
Human Resources Management and Sales
Alh. Sule has a Master Degree in Human Resources Management with over 20
years working experience, in human resource management and sales.
He has worked with National Maritime Authority as and also has served in the
capacity as a personal assistant to many CEOs of Government Parastatal.

Engr. Bassey Awaih — Avijeet Agencies Construction Ltd.

Executive Director
Engr. Bassey Udoh Awaih has had more than Twenty Three (23)
years of extensive, in-depth and hands-on professional experience in
areas of Electrical and Mechanical designs and installations, project
supervision, contract management / administration. He is a registered
member of the Nigerian Society of Engineers (MNSE -R12552) He also,
is a member of The Council for the Regulation of Engineers in Nigeria
(COREN-R19955).
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Engr. JOHN MBU — Avijeet Agencies Construction Ltd.

Executive Director
Engr. John Mbu has had over than Twenty Six (26) years of
extensive, in-depth and hands-on professional experience in areas of
Civil and Structural Engineering designs, project supervision, contract
management / administration. He is a registered member of the
Nigerian Society of Engineers (MNSE-R21511) He also, is a member
of The Council for the Regulation of Engineers in Nigeria (COREN -
R19168).

Obongowan (Bar.) Essien Esema — Avijeet Agencies Construction

Ltd.
Executive Director
Human Resources Management and Sales
Obongowan (Bar.) Essien Esema has a Master Degree ………

IX B — LIQUID ENZYME FORMULATION ROAD BASE

STABILIZATION METHODOLOGY

2. Materials
(a) Enzyme Soil Stabilizers are commercial available from quality
certified Iso. 9002 International manufacturers, conforming fully to
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specifications / best practice. Environmental safety certificates from the

EPA or recognized international laboratory must be available.

Properties:
Total Solids, % Minimum 3.2%
PH of 10% Solution as received 5.0 — 6.0
Specific Gravity as received 1.05 — 1.35
Viscosity, # 2 Gant Cup as received 10mm.
Solubility in Water and dilutable.
(b) Soil. Ninety-five percent of the soil material is required to pass through
a 50mm sieve. Can be used for soils with approximately 25% passing #200
sieves.
(c) Fly ash shall be Type “C”, “N” or “F” fly ash from an approved source.
(d) Aggregate. Section 703.2 (Type A), No. 8, 10, 57, and 67. Add the
gradation and quantity to the mix as required.
(e) Testing Existing Soil Base. The Contractor will obtain and analyze
random representative samples from soil to the depth to be treated (from
150mm to 200mm) and provide the following information to the Engineer.

1. Location of the stake where sampling was done.

2. Depth to which base or sub-grade was sampled.

3. A selected matrix of soils testing standards to evaluate samples.

Moisture Content…………………………………………….. AASHTO T255

Sieve Analysis…………………………………………………. PTM 616
Material Finer than No. 200 Sieve. PTM 100
Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit…………………………………… AASHTO T89
Moisture Density Relationship……………………………… PTM 106
California Bearing Ratio (CBR)………………………………. AASHTO T193
Optimum Moisture Content…………………………………….. AASHTO T193
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(f) Treatment Level. Most enzyme stabilizers can effectively stabilize at a

dosage of 0.339 to 0.425m3 of fine-grain soil per gallon. Most are available as
concentrates. Under normal field conditions, soils with higher percent fines (>
that 50% passing #200 sieve) will require more formulation than more
uniform soils.

3. Construction
(a)Equipment. Use in-place reclaiming equipment that will produce
the completed stabilized base or sub-base. Typical equipment are as
follows:

• A road grader with a blade and scarifier or a tractor with a

blade and scarifier, where the scarifier has at least five (5) teeth
and can penetrate up to 20cm (8 inches) of the road surface.

• A rotary tiller (2 meters/yards recommended) driven from

the “power take-off” of the tractor, for steps of soil pulverization
and mixing of soil and TerraZyme solution. A disc with weights can
be used for these applications, although not ideal. A grader can be
used, but is an enzymes efficient alternative. All must be able to
penetrate up to 20cm of soil.

• Tractor with rubber tires of 75 to 90 horsepower, with power-takeoff

(PTO) with 3 point hitch to operate the rotary tiller and/or the disc.

• Large capacity water truck or wagon (greater than 4,000 liters or 1250
gallons capacity) with separate gasoline driven pump for constant
delivery and with a dispersion bar with nozzles or “duck’s bill” distributor
for applying the Enzyme Base solution. It is preferable that delivery of
solution be from the front of the truck.
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• Roller compactors to finish the road surface: a flat steel drum or a

rubber-tired roller, both 12 to 15 tons and 1.5m to 2m wide. For
compaction, vibration is beneficial on the first three to four passes. If
clay content is high, a “sheep’s foot” compactor will improve results. A
rubber-tired roller will reduce adhesion of highly cohesive soil to roller
surfaces.

(b)Pulverization. Verify that proper drainage, culverts are in-place. Using

the scarifier, break up the road surface to a depth of 150mm or 200mm
as specified, based on by travel loading and frequency. A depth of
10mm is the minimum. Continue homogenizing the soil with the
pulverizer or the grader until no more than 5% of the soil clumps are
larger than greater than 1 inch (25mm) in diameter. This may require 2
or 3 passes with the pulverizer or 5 or 6 with the grader, depending
upon the type of soil and dryness.

If aggregate or plastic soil materials are to be added, they are placed on

the surface of the base or sub-base before pulverization and
incorporated thoroughly.

Measure the depth of pulverization. Make at least one measurement for

each 100 ft2 (9.29m2) and record the measurements to ensure that the
specified depth is uniformly reached.
(c) Blending. As enzyme formulations are in liquids, they are readily
miscible in water and can be blended in the water tank. Clean, fresh
water is preferred. The calculation of the quantity of formulation
required is based on the ft3 (m3) of soil to be treated. It is common to
treat a depth of from 0.15m to 0.2m. The road width X depth X road
length equals the m3. This value divided by the dosage per m3 will
determine the total gallons of enzyme formulation required.
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The water requirement is a separate calculation. The amount of water

needed is the percent difference between OMC and the actual soil
moisture content. That percentage is added, on a dry basis. A field
approximation can be used as per manufacturer instruction.
In some situations moisture content may be selected to represent an “in
situ” field condition (TRB Report 5, 1987). Base or sub-base beds are
normally prepared at or near optimum moisture content as determined
by PTM 106 or AASHTO T180.

The calculated amount of enzyme formulation to treat the volume of soil is

mixed in the volume of water calculated to be added for OMC. Since the
volume or area of soil bed to be treated generally will greater than the volume
capacity of the water tank, the treated road section is shortened to coincide
and multiple sections are done sequentially with refilling of the water tank and
adding the proper dosage of enzyme formulation.

(d) Application. The application shall be accomplished with a water truck or

wagon, which shall be equipped with a system capable of introducing the
enzyme-water solution at a controlled rate during application to produce
uniform moisture content in the bed. The vehicle application speed shall not
vary more than 10% during application, so that uniformity of solution
application is achieved. Multiple passes of the water vehicle may be required if
the delivery rate of the solution is limited. All solution shall be applied the
same day as blended.

Application operations shall be performed in such a manner as to produce a

uniform mixture of the solution on the soil materials being treated, free of
streaks and overlaps. Non-uniformity of wetness, as seen when the treated
material is observed, shall be considered as evidence of non-uniform
application and special care shall be taken to mix well the dryer sections with
the wetter sections.
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(e) Mixing. After application the treated bed can be mixed immediately with
the pulverizer, as this equipment is adequate for thorough mixing in 1 or 2
passes. If a grader is used the treated bed should be allowed to mellow for
approximately one half-hour before mixing. This allows the moisture in the
bed to become more uniform.

Also, if a grader is used, the treated material is windrowed and another one-
half hour is allowed for moisture to become more uniform. No traffic other
than water trucks and the mixing equipment will be allowed to pass over the
treated bed until after completion of mixing.
Before final mixing, adjust and grade to desired curves slope and profile.
The enzyme water solution shall not be applied or mixed while the
atmospheric temperature is below 50ο C (40° F), when the temperature may
fall below 00ο C (32° F) or when rain is eminent.
Maintain all equipment in a satisfactory operation condition as specified in
Section 108.05(c).

(f) Compaction. Shape and compact to the lines, grades, and depth as
shown on the plans and cross sections after the treated material has been
mixed. Roll with rollers meeting the requirements of Section 108. 05(c).

Commence rolling at the low side of the course: except leave three to six
inches from any unsupported edge or edges unrolled initially to prevent
distortion. Longitudinally roll for the width with each pass overlapping the
preceding pass by at least one-half the width of the roller, until the road width
is completed. Vibration is recommended on the first 2 or 3 passes. If the
plasticity is high, a sheep foot or pad foot roller is recommended. Remove any
organic, vegetative material and any stones larger those 1.5 inches (3.5 cm)
from the surface being compacted.
Determine the in-place density requirements by the construction of at least
one control strip under the guidance of a nuclear gauge operator. Compact
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sub-base to not enzymes than one hundred percent of the determined dry-
weight density. Dry-weight density will be determined in accordance with PTM
No. 108, Method B. At the time of compaction, maintain the sub-base
moisture content at one percent than the determined optimum moisture
content. Clegg Soil Impact Tester can also be used to measure and determine
when maximum compaction has occurred (ASTM D 5844).

Requirements for compacted layers —

CBR% (minimum) 10
Density (minimum at optimum moisture) 1600 - 1750 kg/m3
Maximum Thickness of Compacting Layer 20cm

(g) Finishing. Use a flat steel drum roller to finish. If the soil bed plasticity is
high a rubber-tired roller should be used. Complete any portion of the treated
base or sub-base during daylight hours unless otherwise permitted. If
conditions become such that the prepared surface become too dry to
complete compaction, re-wet the surface with the enzyme solution, 1:1000
parts water, pulverize or blade lightly the top 2.5cm (1 inch), re-distribute
treated soil and compact again

(h) Curing Conditions. Under field conditions, temperature and moisture

conditions are difficult to control. Higher temperature, lower humidity
accelerates the curing of the stabilized bed layer. Post treatment
measurements of CBR% have shown that under normal curing conditions of
21°C (72°F) maximum values are reached in 45 days. Accelerated curing
conditions are 40°C (100°F) for 30 days achieves maximum values.

(i) Protection. Protect any finished portion of the stabilized base or

subbase upon which construction equipment is required to travel
to prevent marring, distortion or damage of any kind. Under warm
weather conditions, the treated surface can be traveled on by light
vehicle within 4 hours. Heavier vehicle should wait at from 8 to 72
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hours, depending on weather conditions, so as not to mar the

surface. Immediately and satisfactorily correct any such damage.
If the hours needed for curing are not possible, because of traffic
conditions, scarify and prepare only one side of the road and allow
sufficient curing, then open that side to traffic and prepare and
treat the other side.

(j) Additional Surfacing. Apply other surfacing after a minimum 3-day

curing period. Moisten surface with an enzyme stabilizer solution, 1: 1000
parts water before placement of another surface, such as oil emulsion seal or
emulsion asphalt.

(k) Post Testing Procedures. Field or “in situ” testing of stabilized road
base or sub-base is to be done with Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP)
instrument (AASHTO T180) or a suitable alternative field device. The results,
in terms of resistance to penetration in mm per drop of an 8kg weight
correlate well with the CBR% (California Loading Ratio).

DCP Tests are performed at distances and time intervals recommended by the
manufacturer, but are usually at least 6 separate measurements per kilometer
on alternating sides of the treated bed and at 15, 45 and 75 days. The road
bed, whether unsurfaced, with “chip and seal” or paved can all be measured
by the DCP instrument.

4. Stabilization Costs
The most important costs in stabilization of soil bases and sub-bases are the
stabilizer additive and its application. The cost per gallon or liter of the
stabilizer is not determining, as it does not consider formulation dosage or
concentration. Often enzyme stabilizers are concentrated to reduce cost of
transportation from manufacturer to end-user.
The more correct determination is the cost to stabilize 100 ft2 (9.29m2) at a
specified depth or $ dollars per 100 ft2 (9.29m2) at 6 inches (0.15m). This
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value includes the cost of stabilizer product, plus the cost of application per
unit area, with application being 25% to 35%. Further, application costs of
stabilizer systems liquid component are 15% to 25% less than those of two
components (liquid and/or dry) due to less handling and mixing requirements
and time.

Appendix C — Frequently Asked Questions

1. Does TerraZyme work well with organic materials (e.g. CaO, CaCo3)?
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In low quantities it can work (2 to 3%), but in large quantities it will inhibit
the enzymes cementation procedure by catalytic means. This makes soil
testing really important in order to get the proper results. When mixed with
water and applied prior to compaction, Enzymes acts upon organic fines
contained in the soil through a catalytic bonding process, producing a strong
cementation action. Unlike inorganic or petroleum based products which
temporarily hold soil materials together, Enzymes cause the soil to bond
during compaction into a dense permanent base which resists water
penetration, weathering and wear. This process takes place in 72 hours under
normal summer conditions.

2. What is enzyme stabilization and why is it important?

It’s a catalytic interchange within the clay materials that bonds together the
matrix of the soil giving it more strength by decreasing the absorption of
water after it has been compacted. The importance of this action is that we
are taking out of the equation the most important element that deteriorates
and degrades the soil’s shear strength. This will eventually result in getting
failures in pavements, contention walls and slopes.

3. As time goes on will enzyme reduce or increase in bonding strength?

Will the road crack or become fragile?

As time goes by, the bonding strength tends to increase. The amount of
bonding depends on the type of soil and percent of compaction at the time
the road was built and also of the weather conditions surrounding it. Cracking
of the surface of a dirt road reflects that it has high plasticity clay therefore
this issue needs to be address before the enzymes is mixed with these types
of soil.
We have used in test roads TerraZyme mixed with high plasticity clays and
notice cracking in the surface when it loses water content. Our
recommendation for this type of soils is before we mix enzymes we need to
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lower the clay content at acceptable limits. Usually, clay content not higher
than 45% and Plasticity Index between 5 and 18% are acceptable. This is the
reason we need test samples and testing done at the laboratory before we
recommend the amount of TerraZyme to be mixed.

Regarding Fragility, the answer is the finished road will not be fragile, but
strong and durable. The moisture from the atmosphere will seal up any holes
or cracks in the roads and reduce the destruction which is caused by water
and temperature.

4. After compaction, what is the ratio of expansion? Will extreme weather

affect the road (hot or cold)?

The ratio of Expansion will depend on clay content before the TerraZyme are
mixed. When you are trying to support a pavement structure over clay sub
grade you will need to have a soil with an Expansion Index of less than 20 per
ASTM 4829-88 testing procedure. Mixing the soil with TerraZyme will help you
achieve this target value. Each case needs to be analyzed based on testing
results to give appropriate recommendations.
Regarding weather issues, the compacted soil will be affected by extreme
weather as well as other construction materials are affected.

5. When the road contains more than 20 - 30% clay, will the road surface
become too slippery and lose attraction?
Yes, this is an issue that needs to be address by mixing some gravel so we
can achieve surface traction. Here is a sample of a road that we build in Brazil
in the rain forest that had 20-30 % clay. After compaction we added a ¼ inch
of crush coconut shell (that was all we had available to us in the region where
the road was being built).
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6. How long will the roads last when enzyme is used?

Records indicate more then 20-25 years with proper maintenance.

7. Can temporary roads be constructed using fewer enzymes?

Yes we will be able to build a temporary road with fewer TerraZyme but we
would not recommend it.

8. Is compaction required when using TerraZyme?

Yes, compaction of the soil is the basis of good mechanical properties in the
soil matrix. It is needed in all of the TerraZyme roads in order to get great
long lasting roads.

9. Will enzyme affect plant life if there is contact?

No, Enzyme is ecology friendly and will not inhibit plant growth. It is Non-
Toxic, Non- corrosive and totally biodegradable.
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10. How is enzyme different than traditional methods?

It’s easier to mix than cement treated soils. The transportation of Enzymes is
more practical than other systems. In comparison to traditional roads, enzyme
roads can be built with enzymes of a sub-base which reduces costs. On top of
that the enzyme roads after construction are much stronger. It makes the
whole process more efficient and effective:
• Enzymes roads can be constructed using local materials
• Reduces labor and maintenance
• Resists water penetration, weathering and wear
• Increase soil density and load bearing capacity
• Environmental and eco-friendly
11. How is enzyme applied and how long does it take before you can
start using the road?

The enzyme is applied with the water needed to achieve good compaction
when grading the road and it can be used immediately after compaction is
done (Usually within 24 hours). The Enzyme will start gaining strength with
time.

12. Does enzyme have any environmental impact?

No, it is ecologically friendly.

13. How much money does it cost per km and how much money can I
save with enzyme compared to traditional roads (cost effectiveness
Enzymes)?

Cost will depend on how much Enzyme will be needed to stabilize the soil and
can vary. Typical savings achieved are between 30 to 40% versus traditional
methods, depending on the area and what type of road we are looking to
build.
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Approximate cost breakdown per cubic meter of Raw material:

TerraZyme Roads:
Between US$3.50 — 4.25 per square meter
Asphalt Roads:
US$55.00 — 65.00 per Cubic meter
Concrete Roads:
Between US$95.00 — 101.00 per Cu Meter

14. Can I use enzyme to build a highway/freeway?

Yes, to economize different layers of the pavement structure beneath the

concrete surface of asphalt surface. (On the following page is example of a
highway we built in Brazil 6 years ago).

15. Is enzyme certified by the U.S. Department of Transportation?

At this point we have used it in a couple of counties in the U.S., but we are
still awaiting approval.
16. How can you demonstrate the enzyme to the interested party?

We can demonstrate by building a test road at the project site for 750-1000
meters.
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17. How quickly can I build a temporary road with enzyme?

As quickly as 24 hours from the time we have all the equipment and soil
results. You could travel with light traffic after compaction.

18. How long should I expect my enzyme road to last?

Records indicate more then 25-30 years with proper maintenance. The
longevity of these enzyme roads can be determined by soil types, traffic and
weather conditions, type of road construction and maintenance schedules. As
we have not had to perform major repairs we can only go by the durability of
our current enzyme roads.

19. What is needed to start the process?

Having the soil samples and/or previous test results so we can analyze how to
stabilize the soil. This can come from a local soil lab in the country.

20. Any cost involved to the client during the demonstration,

shipping of your equipment and the material?

Yes, but we can get started without a demonstration road being constructed.
We feel that with our existing road longevity and track records we can fulfill
any needs any state or country will have regarding enzyme road construction
and retention walls.
21. Do you need a sample of soil? If you should need soil, what
should be the quantity?

Usually, 2 buckets of 5 gal will be needed to perform testing required on soil.

To be tested by a local soil lab. We would need the results email to us.

22. What is maintenance of the enzyme roads?

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Up till now, we have not had to perform maintenance on any of our roads
bases. Normal road maintenance should be expected down the line for any
cracking, separation, or pot holes, but because the Enzymes get stronger and
grow deeper into the soil over time the road seems to only get stronger.
23. Can I use your enzymes in construction of parking lots, driveways,
pipe bedding, Securing slopes, pond stabilization, dust reduction &
prevention, clam stabilization, Water duct stabilization, air strip
construction and railway embankments?
Yes, and it will depend on the specifics of the project. We have experience
building not only roads, curbs, and sidewalks; but also stabilizing slopes and
building retaining walls with Enzymes. Again, some engineering analysis needs
to be performed in order to recommend the enzymes in these areas. One of
our most aggressive projects done with enzymes is the stabilization of a 100
foot high slope with enzymes in the city of Tijuana B.C. Mexico. Dust
reduction is also achieved by periodically spraying water with enzyme on a
traveled road every month or every other month depending on the intensity of
the traffic.

Look at the upper left of the picture by the tree. This area was not treated
with TerraZyme and as you can see there is a lot of dust. The last truck is
driving over a TerraZyme road and very little dust is being created. The truck
is traveling at 45-55 MPH.
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Appendix D — Angels Nest Road Completed with Enzyme

Soil Solution (Taos, NM USA)
4th June 2007, reported by R. Jacquet-Acea

We had been preparing to have our 800 foot dirt road treated with the
Enzyme Soil Solution (ENZYMES). Monday June 4th1 was the day planned to
have it worked on. Present at the work site was Esequiel ‘Zeke” Trujillo for soil
testing purposes, Ken Swengel of Ken Swengel construction company, James
the main construction tractor driver, Juan Murillo Zapién, engineer for OTP
International Inc., Robert Plarr to photograph the event, Russell Jacquet-Acea
to record the event, both Sir Charles Shults and Joe Lacy to observe and learn
about the enzyme road building process.
Road length was measured with a 30 meter (100 feet) tape measure by the
interns. The road to be worked on and treated with enzyme was measured at
250 meters x 4.4 meters x .2 meters
(820 feet x 145” x 8”). That is about 220 cubic meters (7880 cubic feet) that
needed to be treated with enzymes.
The project began at 9:00 am with a final moisture content test with the
troxler 3430 nuclear moisture density gauge. Since the soil had been turned
yesterday there was no point to do a surface reading.

Depth Moisture content

4” 7.2%
8” 5.2%
10” 4.1%
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Preparation for the road work began at 9:15am with the discharge of 1000
gallons and the mixing of the enzymes in the water truck. Actual road grading
began about 9:30am

After some initial scarifying and grading by the tractor, the water truck
followed the tractor to spray the enzyme soil solution.
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Juan decided because of the light rain we had yesterday and because of the
consistent readings of above average moisture content in the soil (high clay
content), enzymes water was needed. The water truck came with 4000
gallons and Juan decided that only 3000 gallons were needed. The un-needed
1000 gallons of water was discharged into the Angels Nest main cistern.

When the enzyme was sprayed on the soil, it had a milky white color. Ken
Swengel estimated before starting that it would take 5 passes on the road to
discharge the 3000 gallons of enzyme water. It took 4 passes at full spray
during the entire 250 meters, and an additional 2 passes with spot spraying
on dryer areas to discharge the water truck. The average time to traverse the
250 meter course was 1mm 30 sec. Counting the two spot passes as one, the
amount of water discharged was about 600 gallons per pass. That is a rate of
approximately 2.4 gallons of water per meter (1 gallon per 1.4 feet). By
10:15, the road grading and mixing and the water truck spraying was
complete.
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Spraying White Enzyme Stuff

Grading and Mixing

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At 11:00am, another moisture content test was performed by Esequiel using

the Troxier Nuclear density gauge. The results at that time were:
Depth Moisture content
4” 9.3%
8” 8.8%
10” 7.2%

K .a hammering in the two foot nail to make a hole where the .. )

Nuclear Moisture Density Gauge will read the moisture content and
soil density at different depths. Zeke, James and Juan observe.

A slight crown was needed for drainage towards the north side of the road
where water naturally drains towards the arroyo. After the six passes on the
road with enzyme, Juan noticed that there were pockets of enzyme that
needed more mixing with water and other dryer spots. One more pass with
the water truck with water only was needed to spray the areas not wet
enough and with excessive enzyme. That meant we had to siphon about 500
gallons out of our underground backup 1500 gallon cistern. Uniform mixing is
 Making ways for better days...

a must or soft spots will be created in the road later which will break down
easier. The road grader must continue to mix the soil and enzyme water. The
road grader needs to continue to mix the soil until NO DUST can be seen in its
trail. That is an indication that the soil is properly mixed with water. The soil
needs to be moist when you hold it in your hand. You can squeeze a handful
and it should cling together but still crumble in your hand when loosened. The
color of the soil also indicates its readiness Enzymes. The soil needs to look
and feel like it does the day after a heavy rain — moist and darkened, and
crumbly in the hand. It should be a little wetter than the consistency of
rammed earth and adobe material.

When the mixing is complete the road is ready for compacting. A Sheep’s Foot
roller was used first because of the high clay content we had in our soil. The
more sand you have in your soil, the preferred roller to use is the flat roller.
We did use the flat roller but that was at the very end. Because of the high
rock content in our soil, a really good smooth finish was not possible. With a
few passes over the road with the flat roller the road work was completed at
1:30pm. 4 hours, 15 minutes from start to finish.
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The SheepsFoot compactor Roller

The Final Compaction with the Flat Roller by Ken Swengel

The enzymes make compaction faster and more efficient. The enzymes have
the ability to bond all of the surrounding materials in the soil. The enzymes
are a natural product and as described on the X-Zyme.com website:

“TerraZyme@, is a one hundred percent environmentally safe,

enzyme- based soils stabilization/bonding solution.
TerraZyme@, when mixed with clay, dirt and other soils, acts as
a unifying enzyme that bonds the soil and acts as a “concrete or
asphalt substitute” after application and compaction. Upon its
solidification, the final product is 20% harder than concrete
with comparable or enzymes future maintenance.”
The enzymes will work their way down into the soil and fill every hole leaving
no room for air and water. The road should end up as hard as asphalt. Road
repairs are non-existent or rarely needed since potholes can’t be created.
 Making ways for better days...

Building roads at less than half the cost of a regular road, without using tar,
oil and other environmentally harmful chemicals that run-off into the
biosphere is a huge advantage to using this system. We asked Juan what
would happen if someone would to inadvertently drink some of the solution
and his answer was “They would be consistently going to the bathroom for a
few days!”

An hour before completion, Esequiel performed a compaction test of the soil

and it measured 100% compaction. Ken said that road engineers like to see
about 105% - 110% compaction but that usually takes more time for that to
happen. Getting our road to read 100% compaction this early was unusual.
Juan said that the compaction rate will continue for the next 28 days. Esequiel
is scheduled to return next week June 11th to take a final compaction test.
Juan says he will have a much harder time pounding in the two foot nails in
the road to take the test. We interns may also have a difficult job of digging
out a bucket of dirt next week to be sent to Juan in San Diego for the
California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test.

The Angels Nest 01,1 Road a few days before the road enzyme work
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Appendix E – pictures of roads built using TerraZyme.

Cascavel, Brazil – 25/08/05

Cochiseco, 23/02/00