DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM TO ES EN 1992-1-1:2015

1 Example
A beam fixed supported at both ends is to be designed for flexure. The super imposed load from
the slab it is carrying is 22 KN/m dead and 16 KN/m live load (the self-weight of beam is included
in the super imposed load). If the material the beam is going to be made of is C20/25 and S 400
rebar, calculate the amount of flexural reinforcement required. Please note that from architectural
requirement the depth of beam is restricted to 450 mm.

Figure 1: Beam span with loading

1.1 Solution
1.1.1 Material data
For C20/25 : 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 20 𝑀𝑝𝑎
For S400: 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 400 𝑀𝑝𝑎

Concrete design strength

αcc fck
fcd = [ES EN 1992 − 1 − 1: 2015, Eqn. 3.15 ]
γc
Where: the recommended value of αcc is 0.85.
0.85 ∗ 20
fcd = = 11.33 𝑀𝑝𝑎
1.5
Steel design strength
𝑓𝑦𝑘
fyd = [ES EN 1992 − 1 − 1: 2015, Figure 3.8 ]
𝛾𝑠
400
fyd = = 347.83 Mpa
1.115
1.1.2 Depth from deflection [deformation control]
To determine the slab depth, the following two equations are considered from ES EN 1992-1-
1:2015

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 DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM TO ES EN 1992-1-1:2015

l o o
 k[11  1.5 f ck   3.2 f ck (  1) 3 / 2 ] if    o [EBCS EN : 1992,2014 Eqn. 7.16a]
d 

l o 1 '
 k[11  1.5 f ck   f ck ] if    o [EBCS EN : 1992,2014 Eqn. 7.16b]
d 12 o

The value of k in the above equations is (since fixed-fixed beam is considered as interior span):
Interior span k  1.5 [EBCS EN : 1992,2014 Table 7.4N]

ρo is

f yk 400
o    0.447%
1000 1000
With fck=20 Mpa and S-400 Rebar the above expression could be evaluate to give the following
values:
With ρ=1.5 % [Assuming beam is highly stressed], which is, ρ> ρo
for interior span
ρ′ = 0( assumig compression reinfocement isn′ t provided)

l 1 0
 1.5[11  1.5 20 0.447
1.5
 20 ]  32 .5
d 12 0.447

since the proposed reinforcement, S-400, is less than 500 Mpa , we need to apply correction factor
for the above result.
l 500
 32.5( )  40.625
d 400
Now, the required beam depth is:
𝑙 6 ∗ 1000 𝑚𝑚
𝑑= = = 147.69 𝑚𝑚
40.625 40.625
1.1.3 Cover
cov er  cnom  cmin  C dev ES EN 1992 - 1 - 1 : 2015 Eqn. 4.1

Cmin  maxCmin b ; Cmin,dur  Cdur,  Cdur,st  Cdur,add ;10mm}

Cmin,b    12mm

Cdur,dur  25mm, with exposure class of XC3

Cdur,  0mm, ES EN :1992 - 1 - 1 : 2015 Recomendation

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 DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM TO ES EN 1992-1-1:2015

Cdur,st  0mm, ES EN :1992 - 1 - 1 : 2015 Recomendation

Cdur,add  0mm, ES EN :1992 - 1 - 1 : 2015 Recomendation

C dev  10mm, ES EN :1992 - 1 - 1 : 2015 Recomendation

Therefore: C min  max 12 mm;25mm  0  0  0;10 mm}  25mm

cnom  cmin  Cdev  25mm  10mm  35mm

1.1.4 Overall depth

∅𝑙 16
𝐷 = 𝑑 + 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 + ∅𝑠 + = 147.69 + 35 + 8 + = 198.69 𝑚𝑚
2 2
For ease of construction use D=200 mm
∅𝑙 16
Revise effective depth, 𝑑 = 𝐷 − 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 − ∅𝑠 − = 200 − 35 − 8 − = 149 𝑚𝑚
2 2

1.1.5 Analysis
In persistent and transient design situations, the governing load combination is:
𝑃𝑑 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘
Since, the dead load includes the self-weight of the beam, the design load is
𝑃𝑑 = 1.35 ∗ 22 + 1.5 ∗ 16 = 53.7 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
For fixed-fixed beam, the support and span moments are given by:
𝑝𝑑 𝑙 2 53.7 ∗ 62
𝑀𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 = = = 161.1 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
12 12
𝑝𝑑 𝑙 2 53.7 ∗ 62
𝑀𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = = = 80.55 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
12 24

Figure 2: bending moment diagram

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1.1.6 Design for support moment

𝑀𝑠𝑑 = 𝑀𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 = 161.1 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

Beam width, b=250 mm

Beam effective depth, d=149 mm
- Check depth required from flexure
∗
𝜇𝑠𝑑 = 0.295

∗
𝑀𝑠𝑑
𝜇𝑠𝑑 =
𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑 2

𝑀𝑠𝑑 161.1 ∗ 106 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚

𝑑=√ ∗ = √ = 439.08 𝑚𝑚
𝜇𝑠𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏 0.295 ∗ 11.33 ∗ 250

∅𝑙 16
𝐷 = 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 + ∅𝑠 + = 439.08 + 35 + 8 + = 490.088 𝑚𝑚
2 2
Take D=500 mm for construction simplicity.
 Since D=500 mm > maximum depth from architectural restriction, the section should be
doubly reinforced with D=450 mm.
∅𝑙 16
𝑑 = 𝐷 − 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 − ∅𝑠 − = 450 − 35 − 8 − = 399 𝑚𝑚
2 2
Doubly reinforced section design
∗
- Calculate 𝑀𝑠𝑑
∗ ∗
𝑀𝑠𝑑 = 𝜇𝑠𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑 2 = 0.295 ∗ 11.33 ∗ 250 ∗ 3992 ∗ 10−6 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚 = 133.02 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
- Calculate 𝑀2
∗
𝑀2 = 𝑀𝑠𝑑 − 𝑀𝑠𝑑 = 161.1 − 133.02 = 28.07 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
- Calculate 𝐴𝑠𝑡1
∗
𝑀𝑠𝑑 𝑀2
𝐴𝑠𝑡1 = +
𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑑 (𝑑 − 𝑑2 )𝑓𝑦𝑑
o for μ∗sd = 0.295 , Kz = 0.82 ( see page 8 for how to read this)
o z=0.82*399=327.24 mm
∅𝑙
o 𝑑2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 + ∅𝑠 + = 35 + 8 + 8 = 51 𝑚𝑚
2

133.02∗1066 28.07∗106
Ast1 = 327.24∗347.83 + (399−51)∗347.83 = 1400.545 𝑚𝑚2

1400.545
# 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟 ( 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ ∅ 16) = = 6.96 ≈ 7∅16
201
- Check if compression reinforcement yields

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Ast1 ∗ 𝑓𝑦𝑑 1400.545 ∗ 347.83

𝛼𝑐 = = = 0.431
𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑 11.33 ∗ 250 ∗ 399
Using 𝛼𝑐 the value of 𝜀𝑠2 is found from design chart[page 9 to see how it is done] as 2.9
per thousand, which is greater than the yield strain of reinforcement. Therefore,
compression reinforcement yields.
- Calculate As2
If the reinforcement yields, then the value of As2 is
28.07 ∗ 106
Ast2 = = 231.89 𝑚𝑚2
(399 − 51) ∗ 347.83
231.89
# 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = = 1.15 ≈ 2∅16
201
1.1.7 Design for span moment
With the same depth used for support moment design, check for the adequacy of depth from
flexure for span moment.
∗
𝜇𝑠𝑑 = 0.295

∗
𝑀𝑠𝑑
𝜇𝑠𝑑 =
𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑 2

𝑀𝑠𝑑 80.55 ∗ 106 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚

𝑑=√ ∗ = √ = 310.48 𝑚𝑚
𝜇𝑠𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏 0.295 ∗ 11.33 ∗ 250

∅𝑙 16
𝐷 = 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 + ∅𝑠 + = 310.48 + 35 + 8 + = 361.48 𝑚𝑚
2 2
Since the overall depth for span moment is less than the limit from architectural requirement.
Therefore, the section is singly reinforced.
To design singly reinforced section, follow the following steps:
- Calculate 𝜇𝑠𝑑
𝑀𝑠𝑑 80.55∗106
𝜇𝑠𝑑 = 𝑓 2
= 11.33∗250∗3992 = 0.178
𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑
- Read the value of Kz from design chart
𝐾𝑧 = 0.901
- Evaluate z
𝑧 = 𝑘𝑧 𝑑 = 0.901 ∗ 399 𝑚𝑚 = 359.44 𝑚𝑚
- Evaluate As
𝑀𝑠𝑑 80.55 ∗ 106
𝐴𝑠 = = = 644.27 𝑚𝑚2
𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑑 359.44 ∗ 347.83
44.27 𝑚𝑚2
# 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = = 3.2 ≈ 4∅16
201

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1.1.8 Recheck depth from deformation

Since the actual span reinforcement is known, let’s check if the provided depth is ok!
𝐴𝑠 4 ∗ 201
𝜌= = = 0.00806 = 0.806 %
𝑏𝑑 250 ∗ 399
for interior span
ρ′ = 0 . . singly reinforced
𝜌(0.806) > 𝜌0 (0.447)

l 1 0
 1.5[11  1.5 20 0.447
0.806  20 ]  22.08
d 12 0.447

since the proposed reinforcement, S-400, is less than 500 Mpa , we need to apply correction factor
for the above result.
l 500
 22.08( )  27.61
d 400
Now, the required beam depth is:
𝑙 6 ∗ 1000 𝑚𝑚
𝑑= = = 217.38 𝑚𝑚
40.625 27.61
Overall depth:
16
𝐷 = 217.38 + 35 + 8 + = 268.38 𝑚𝑚
2
For construction purpose, use D=300 mm.
Since the provided depth, d=450 mm, is greater than depth from deformation, D=300 mm, depth
is OK!
1.1.9 Reinforcement detail

Figure 3: longitudinal bar detail

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Figure 4: Section A-A and B-B

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