 SAT MATH REFRESHER  ©Art Martirosyan, PhD 1 2.

ALGEBRA (continued) 2
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Properties of Equality Quadratic Equation
1. NUMBERS Transitive
Addition
Even and Odd Numbers Positive and Negative Numbers
Subtraction two real solutions
even+even=even even-odd=odd positive+positive=positive negative∙negative=positive one real solution
odd+odd=even odd-even=odd negative+negative=negative positive∙negative=negative Multiplication
no real solution
even+odd=odd even∙even=even positive−negative=positive positive÷positive=positive
even-even=even odd∙odd=odd negative−positive=negative negative÷negative=positive Division
odd-odd=even even∙odd=even positive∙positive=positive negative÷positive=negative Quadratic Formula
Cross Multiplication
Divisibility Rules Squares Exponents
Zero Product
2 the last digit of the number is 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8

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3 the sum of the digits is divisible by 3
4 the last two digits are divisible by 4
Properties of Inequality Rational Expressions
5 the last digit is 0 or 5
6 the number is divisible by 2 and 3 Transitive
9 the sum of the digits is divisible by 9
10 the last digit is 0 Addition
Subtraction
Prime Numbers v - speed
t - time Multiplication
- A prime number is divisible by 1 and itself only d - distance
- The first 10 prime numbers are:
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29
- 1 is not a prime number Average Division
- 2 is the smallest and the only even prime number Speed

% Decimal Fraction % Decimal Fraction Arithmetic

1% 0.01 1/100 40% 0.40 2/5 Sequence Rules of Exponents Rational Exponent Radicals
2% 0.02 1/50 50% 0.50 1/2
5% 0.05 1/20 60% 0.60 3/5
Geometric
10% 0.10 1/10 75% 0.75 3/4
Sequence
20% 0.20 1/5 80% 0.80 4/5
25% 0.25 1/4 100% 1.00 1

Percent Percent
Percent
Proportion Change Absolute Value Direct Variation

2. ALGEBRA Inverse Variation

Algebraic Properties FOIL

Square of Sum/Difference
3. GEOMETRY

Convex Polygons Similar Polygons

- The sum of the interior angles is - Corresponding angles are equal

Difference of Two Squares - The sum of the exterior angles is 360° - Corresponding sides are proportional

Quadrilaterals The sum of the interior angles is 360°

 3. GEOMETRY (continued) 3 4. COORDINATE GEOMETRY 4
Any side of a triangle is shorter than the sum of the two other sides The Coordinate Plane Midpoint Linear Functions
Inequalities in Triangles Formula
In a triangle, the longest side is opposite the largest angle y
y

Quadrant 2 Quadrant 1 Distance

intercept intercept
( , +) (+, +) Formula
Angles of Triangles Pythagorean Theorem Pythagorean x x
Triples Quadrant 3 Quadrant 4
2 Slope-Intercept Form
3, 4, 5 ( , ) (+, )
c Point-Slope Form
m b 6, 8, 10
1 3 4 5, 12, 13
7, 24, 25 Slope Quadratic Functions x-intercept:
a 8, 15, 17 y
y y-intercept:
9, 12, 15 2
rise
1 run
Equilateral Triangles

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30°-60°-90° Triangles 45°-45°-90° Triangles Parallel lines
1 2 x x
Parallel lines have the same
slope
30° 45° 60°
2 2 Perpendicular Lines
3
- parabola opens upwards The product of the slopes of
90° 60° 60° - parabola opens downwards perpendicular lines is -1
a a 45°
90° 60°
Vertical Shift
Horizontal Shift
Parallelogram Rectangle Square
B C B C B
45°
C 5. PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
O 45°
O O
Probability of an Event Odds

A D
A D A D
= = 2

Area Perimeter Circle Independent Events

triangle Dependent Events
Triangle
rectangle
θ Geometric Probability Fundamental Counting Principle
Parallelogram square θ/2
If one event can occur in M ways and another
Rectangle
Circle event can occur in N ways, then the total number
Square Central Angle= of ways both events can occur is MN.
Radius=r
Trapezoid Diameter= Mean Factorial
Circumference=
Area= The mean is the sum of the numbers
divided by the number of values in the set. Permutations

Solids Combinations
Solid Volume Surface Area
Rectangular Solid
Cube Median The median is the middle value in an ordered set of numbers.
Right Cylinder
Mode The mode is the value that occurs most frequently in a set of numbers.