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1. What is Policy?
• Policy is a written or unwritten guidelines that governments, organizations and institutions,
communities, or individuals use when responding to issues and situations. It is a result of
authoritatively ascertained, legitimized, enforced and evaluated by the government and its agencies
or institutions like Congress, Executive, Judicial Branch and other local elective officials and Local
legislative bodies and entities.
• As defined under Collins Dictionary, a policy is a set of ideas or plans that is used as a basis for making
decisions, especially in politics, economics, or business to achieve long term goals. This term, as
applied to a law, ordinance, or rule of law, denotes its general purpose or principle which a
government is guided in its management of public affairs, or the legislature in its measures. (Black's
Law Dictionary:https://thelawdictionary.org/policy/https://thelawdictionary.org/policy/)
◦ Policy Evaluation
▪ At this stage, a policy is evaluated, to verify whether its implementation and its effects are
aligned with the objectives that were explicitly or implicitly set out. This evaluation can be
carried out by the government agency, by consultants or by civil society in general (Howlett &
Ramesh, 2003)
Changing and choosing the policies can be a crucial strategy in implementing community
interventions by the policy makers, local officials, government corporations and entities. The
following are the guidelines to be considered:
• In changing policies:
◦ Determine the kind of policy that must be modified. It is necessary that the measures used are
effective and efficient in accomplishing the goal.
◦ Develop a new or revised requisite or standards, as such policies must affect not only the quality but
also reach a high standard of living for the community as part of the public interest.
◦ The policies may not solve the problem, so better have a coping mechanism to modify and alter the
methods used for it to become more effective.
◦ Advocate your proposed modifications so that the individuals, organizations, and entities’ programs
and facilities must follow the ethical rules and standards and modification.
◦ Even if modified, continue to develop, monitor and evaluate the process until it will fit perfectly to
the desired goal.
◦ The programs must be feasible and properly set and have safeguards for those who will be affected.
Once the policy is evaluated and there are some areas which would be prejudicial to any individual
or entity, it must be modified to serve their best interest and of the public.
In choosing tactics:
o Learn the things about the existing written or spoken policies.
o Decide whether such policy would fit to your desired goal.
o People who are implementing the policy must be well-versed, if not, is familiar with the methods
and goals of the policies.
o The people or individuals must be competent and have sense of professionalism in their tasks.
o The methods that must be used in implementing the policies must fit to the goal of the policy and
acquire certification and licensure to accommodate even the minimum standard required, must also
be considered in the tactics.
o The staffs are also considered in and are one of the key persons in the implementation of the
policies, they must be licensed, certified and obtain the requisites as provided by the policies or be
based on competence in the volume of workload needed.