CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1.BACKGROUND

Palm oil is plant trees. Flowers and fruit in the form of bunches and branched. Having
a small fruit and when mature, will blackish-red. To flesh dense and contain the oil. Palm oil
is used as cooking oil. Their own oil palm harvested must be aged 4 years, the harvesting of
which need to be considered is the fruit maturity. In the oil palm plantations there are several
criteria for decent fruit to be harvested and processed into cooking oil.
Processing Palm oil is a treatment process that produces palm oil. The main results that
can be obtained is palm oil, palm kernel, husk, shell and empty fruit bunches.Palm oil mill
(MCC) in the context of the oil palm industry in Indonesia is understood as a unit of extraction
of crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel from fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm. MCC is
composed of units process that utilizes a combination of mechanical treatment, physical, and
chemical.
Important parameters such as the production of extraction efficiency, yield, product
quality very important role in guaranteeing the competitiveness of the palm oil industry
compared to other vegetable oils. Keep in mind that the quality of the results obtained CPO
greatly influenced by the condition of the fruit (FFB) processed in a factory. While processing
the plant only serves suppress loss in its processing, so the quality of CPO produced is not
solely dependent on TBS that goes into the factory.
In principle the processing of palm oil is mechanically CPO extraction process of oil
palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB), followed by the purification process. Overall the process
consists of several stages of the process that runs continuously and related to one another failure
at one stage process will be a direct impact on subsequent processes.Therefore every stage of
the process should run smoothly in accordance with the existing norms.
1.2.PROBLEM FORMULATION

1. What's palm
2. What is the history of the oil palm
3. What traits - traits physiology of palm oil
4. How quality standards of palm oil
5. What is the chemical composition of palm oil
6. How the processing of palm oil (Crude palm oil)
7. What are the benefits of palm oil

1.3.OBJECTIVES

1. To find out more about palm oil

2. To know the history of the oil palm
3. To determine the physiological characteristics of palm oil
4. To recognize quality of palm oil
5. To determine the chemical composition of palm oil
6. To find out the processing of palm oil (crude palm oil)
7. To find out the benefits of palm oil
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2.1. Palm Oil
Oil palm (Elaeis) is an important industrial plants producing cooking oil,
industrial oil, and fuel (biodiesel). Plantations generate huge profits, so many forests
and old plantations converted to palm plantations sawit.Indonesia is palm oil producer
after Malaysia both worlds. In Indonesia spread in the region of Aceh, East Coast of
Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and Kalimantan.
Palm oil can be used for a diverse designation for the excellence of its
properties, namely oxidation resistance with high pressure, capable of dissolving
chemicals are insoluble by other solvents, have a high power layer and does not cause
irritation to the body in the field of cosmetics. The most popular processed from palm
oil is a fruit.Section flesh sawitmentah produce coconut oil that is processed into
vegetable oil raw materials and various types of derivatives. Excess oil is a vegetable
oil of low prices, low cholesterol, and have a high carotene content. Palm oil is also
processed into raw materials margarine.

2.2. HISTORY OF PALM

Oil Palm tree comprised of two species of Arecaceae or palm family used for
commercial agriculture in spending palm oil. African oil palm tree, Elaeis
guineensis,originated in western Africa between Angola and Gambia, when the
American oil palm tree, Elaeis oleifera, from Central America and South
America. Including plant oil palm trees. Height can reach 24 meters. Flowers and fruit
in the form of bunches, as well as branched. The fruit is small and when ripe, dark red
color. The flesh is dense. Meat and skin of the fruit contains oil. The oil was used as
cooking oil, soap, and candles.Hampasnya used to feed livestock, especially as one of
the ingredients of chicken feed manufacture. The shell is used as fuel and charcoal.
The sequence of the derivative Palm Oil:
Kingdom : Plants
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Liliopsida
The Order : arecales
 Family : Arecaceae
Type : Elaeis
species : E. guineensis

2.3. FEATURES - FEATURES Physiology PALM OIL

1. Leaf
The leaves are compound leaves. Dark green leaves and sheath colored a little
younger. Its appearance is very similar to a barking plant, only with spines that are not
too hard and sharp.
2. rod
Plant stem covered with scars sheath until the age of 12 years. After the age of
12 years sheath that dries will be separated so that it becomes similar to a coconut
plantation.
3. Root
Root fibers plant oil palm facing downwards and sideways. In addition, there
are some roots that grow breath leads to the upper side to get extra aeration.
4. Flower
Separate male and female flowers and have different ripening time so it is very
rare self-pollinating. The male flower has a taper shape and length while the female
flowers appear larger and bloom.
5. Fruit
Palm fruit has the color varies from black, purple, to red depending on the seeds
used.Fruit clustered in bunches emerging from each sheath.
The fruit consists of three layers:
1) Eksoskarp, the skin of the fruit is reddish and slimy.
2) Mesoskarp, fruit fibers
3) Endoskarp, protective shell core
Palm kernel is the endosperm and embryo with core oil content high quality.
2.4. STANDAR PALM OIL QUALITY
Quality palm oil can be divided into two meanings, first, absolutely - absolutely
pure, and not mixed with other vegetable oils. Quality palm oil can be determined by
assessing the nature - its physical properties, ie by measuring the melting point numbers
saponification and iodine numbers. Second, the notion of quality of oil by size. In this
case measured by the quality requirements of the international quality standard
specification that includes levels of ALB, water, dirt, ferrous metals, copper, peroxide,
and the size of blanching. Needs quality palm oil which is used as raw material in food
and non food each - each different. Therefore authenticity, purity, freshness, and
hygiene aspects should be Look. The low quality of palm oil is determined by many
factors.Factors - these factors can directly from the nature of the parent tree, post-
harvest handling, or error during processing and transport.
Of the several factors related to the palm oil quality standards,obtained from the
processing of palm oil, as below:
a) Crude Palm Oil
b) Crude Palm Stearin
c) RBD Palm Oil
d) RBD olein
e) RBD Steari
f) Palm Kernel Oil
g) Palm Kernel Fatty Acid
h) Palm Kernel
i) Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE)
j) Palm Cooking Oil
k) Refined Palm Oil (RPO)
l) Refined Bleached DEODORISED Olein (ROL)
m) Refined Bleached DEODORISED stearin (RPS)
n) Palm Kernel Pellet
o) Palm Kernel Shell Charcoal
 Palm kernel quality requirements are as follows:
a) minimum oil content (%): 48; how to test SP - SMP - 13-1975
b) Maximum water content (%): 8.5; how to test SP - SMP - 7-1975
c) Maximum Contamination (%): 4.0; how to test SP - SMP - 31-19975
d) the maximum levels of core rupture (%): 15; how to test SP - SMP - 31-1975

2.5. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION E. PALM OIL

Crude palm oil and palm kernel oil is a composition of fatty acids, esterified,
and glycerol are still a lot of fat. In both high and full of fatty acids, between 50% and
80% of each - each. Palm oil has 16 full name carbon palmitic acid based fatty acids in
coconut oil palm oil mostly contains lauric acid. Palm oil is mostly grown from nature
for tocotrienol, part of vitamin E. therein palm oil contains vitamin K and
magnesium.Napalm derives its name from Naphthenic acid, palmitic acid and
pyrotechnics or simply from the way we use naphtha and crude palm oil. The size of
the fatty acid (Fas) in palm oil as a reference:

Table II.1 Fatty Acid Levels In Palm Oil

 Table II.2 Fatty Acid Levels In Palm Kernel Oil

2.6. PROCESSING PALM OIL (CRUDE PALM OIL)

Palm oil processing is a treatment process that produces palm oil. The main
results that can be obtained is palm oil , palm kernel, husk, shell and empty fruit
bunches. Palm oil mill (MCC) in the context of the oil palm industry in Indonesia is
understood as a unit of extraction of crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel from fresh
fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm. MCC is composed of units process that utilizes a
combination of mechanical treatment, physical, and chemical. Important parameters
such as the production of extraction efficiency, yield, product quality very important
role in guaranteeing the competitiveness of the palm oil industry compared to other
vegetable oils.
1. Loading ramp
After sorting the unsorted fruit, fruit cage inserted into a
ramp that is above the rail truck. Ramp cage has 30 doors are opened
and closed by a hydraulic system, consisting of two line left and
right. At the moment the door opened lorries under thecage will be filled
with TBS. Once filled, a lorry pulled by capstand
to transfer carriage,in which the transfer carriage can load three lorries
that each - each weigh an average of 3.3 - 3.5 tons. With the transfer
carriage lorries directed to rail desired sterilizer. Then diserikan much
as 12 lorries to be entered into the sterilizer. Importation of lorries into
the sterilizer using a loader.
2. STERILIZER
Sterilization is the boiling process in a vessel called
a sterilizer. The function of boiling are as follows:
1. Deadly enzyme.
2. Brondolan facilitate the release of the bunch.
3. Reducing the moisture content in the fruit.
4. Mesocarp soften so as to facilitate the process of pelumatan and
pengepressan.
5. Facilitate the release of the kernel from the shell.

The boiling process is done for 85 -95 minutes. For the heating
medium used steam from the BVP (Back Pressure Vessel) pressure 2.8
to 3 bar.
Boiling is done with the 3 peak (three peak pressure). The first
peak pressure to 1.5 Kg / cm 2, the second peak pressure of up to 2.0 Kg
/ cm 2 and the third peak pressure of up to 2.8 to 3.0 Kg / cm 2.Here are
three peak boiling process system:
1. Deaeration performed 2 minutes, where the condensate open
position.
2. Incorporating steam to the first peak reached in 10
minutes. Typically the pressure reached 1.2 bar.
3. Steam and condensate discharged until the pressure becomes 0
bar within 5 minutes.
4. Steam inserted for 15 minutes to achieve a pressure of 2 bar.
5. Steam condensate discharged again for 3 minutes.
6. Then steam is inserted again to reach peak 3rd within 15-20
minutes.
7. After the third peak is reached then detention for 40-50 minutes.
8. Steam condensate discharged for 5-7 minutes until the pressure
3. THRESSER
After the boiling TBS ripe transported to thresser by using a
hoisting crane has a lifting capacity of 5 tons. Lori lifted and inverted
above the hopper thresser (auto feeder).
At this station the raw fruit has been boiled ready to be separated
between berondolan and clusters. Before entering into TBS
boiled thresser be imported using theauto feeder. By using TBS rounds
slammed so berondolan separated from their stems and fall onto
the conveyor and elevator to be distributed to
pembantingan rethresser for the second time. Thresser has a rotation
speed of 22-25 rpm. On the inside thresser,mounted metal rods
intermediary to form a lattice that allows berondolan out of thresser.To
empty fruit bunches itself is distributed with bunch of empty conveyor to
be distributed to shelters empty bunch.

4. STATION PRESS
Berondolan coming out of thresser fell to conveyor, then
transported by elevatorto the top fruit cross conveyor that distributes
berondolan to distributing conveyor to be included in
each digester. Digester is an upright cylindrical tank equipped with a
stirrer blades rotation speed of 25-26 rpm, so brondolan can be
enumerated in this tank. As each digester is fully charged then
brondolan heading to the recycling conveyor,forwarded to the elevators
to be returned to the digester. Interest pelumatan is that regardless of
fruit flesh seed so easy to be press. To facilitate pelumatan fruit,
thedigester was inject steam temperature of about 90-95 ° C.
Berondolan that had been squashed into the screw press to be
squeezed to produce oil (crude oil). In this process carried out by
spraying hot water so that the oil that came out not too thick
(reduced viscosity) so that the cylindrical pores are not clogged, so the
work is not too heavy screw press. Spraying of water made
throughnozzles on a hollow pipe mounted on a screw press. The
capacity of the press machine is 15 tons per hour.
 Pressure machine press should be regulated, because if the
pressure is too high can leadscrew press core rupture and easy to
wear. Conversely, if the pressure is too low then thepress machine oil
losses at high dregs.
Oil press machine and then headed to the sand trap to the
precipitation tank.Another result is the residue (consisting of seeds and
fiber), which will be separated by using a cake breaker conveyor (CBC).

5. STATION PURIFICATION
Oil coming from the press station still contains many impurities
that come from flesh like mud, water and others. To get the oil that meets
the standards, it is necessary to purification of the oil. At this station
consists of several units of processing equipment to purify the oil
production, which include: Sand Trap Tank, Vibrating Screen, Crude
Oil Tank, Continous Settling Tank (CST), Oil
Tank, Purifier, Vacuum Dryer, Sludge Oil Tank, Sludge Vibrating
Screen , Sludge Centrifuge, Fat Pit, and Storage Tank.

a. Sand Trap Tank

Oil press machine is a crude oil which still contains
many impurities. The oil tankwent into the sand trap to
precipitate particles that have a high density. Sand trap tank is
an upright cylindrical vessel.

b. Vibrating Screen
Oil the top of a sand trap tanks that still contain fiber and
a little dirt flowed to the vibrating sieve (vibrating screen). The
screening process aimed wearing vibrating screen for separating
solids, such as fibers, sand, soil and other impurities are still
carried over from sand trap tanks. Vibrating used is double deck
vibrating screen,where the first screen size of 30 mesh and a
second screen of 40 mesh. The solids are retained on the sieve
will be returned to the digester through the conveyor, while
thecrude oil pumped to the oil tank.
c. Crude Oil Tank (COT)
The oil flowed out of the vibrating screen to crude oil
tanks to be accommodated temporarily. In crude oil is the oil
tank heated by steam through the heating pipe system, and a
temperature of 90-95 ° C is maintained. From here the oil is
pumped to CST (C ontinuous Settling Tank).

d. Continous Settling Tank (CST)

Oil from the COT is pumped to the CST where
previously passed to a buffer tank in order to get into the oil flow
CST is not too tight. CST aims to precipitate mud(sudge) based
on the difference in specific gravity. CST temperature being
maintained at 86-90 o C. The oil on the top of the CST is quoted
with the aid of a skimmer to the oil tank, while
the sludge (which still contains oil) at the bottom streamed
underflow to the vibrating screen prior sludge to sludge oil
tank. Sludge and sand to settle to the bottom blowdown CST was
to be taken to drain the sludge tank.

e. oil Tank
Oil from CST leading to the oil tank to be accommodated
temporarily, before being discharged to the oil purifier. In the
heating oil tank also occurred (75-80 ° C) in order to reduce the
water content.

f. purifier
In the purification purifier done to reduce the levels of
dirt and water content contained in the oil based on the density
difference by using centrifugal force, with a speed of 7500 rpm
turnover. Dirt and water that has a large density will be on the
outer part (wall bowl), while oil has a density of smaller moves
towards the shaft and out through the blades to flow into
 the vacuum drier. Dirt and water are attached to the wall
was blown down into the sewer to be taken to Fat Pit.

g. Vacuum Drier
Oil that comes out of the purifier still contains water,
then to reduce the water content, the oil is pumped to a vacuum
drier. Here the oil is sprayed using a nozzle so that the mixture
of oil and water will be broken. This will facilitate the separation
of water in oil, where the oil has a lower vapor pressure of the
water will go down and then pumped into storage tanks.

h. sludge Tank
For overflow from the tank is piped to a drain tank while
under flownya supplied to the vibrating screen and brush
strainers or transit directly to the tub to be pumped to a sand
cyclone. To speed up the deposition of silt, sludge is heated (80-
90 ° C) using steam flowed through the heating coil. So that the
oil becomes lower density and fine mud attached to the oil will
be separated and settle to the bottom of the tank.
Of sand cyclone or brush strainers sludge flowed into the
balance tank as bait for or sludge decanter centrifuge.

1. sludge centrifuge
Sludge centrifuge for sludge processing. Sludge
Centrifuge is a device used to separate the oil is still
contained in the sludge, by means of separation by
centrifugal force. In this there is a bowl sludge centrifuge
rotating 1450 rpm, this bowl star-shaped nozzle with a
diameter at one end there are certain holes and the nozzle
can be changed as desired.
Is the principle of a rotating nozzle with style
centifugal separator where the separation, the heavy
fraction (mud, dirt) thrown into the bowl walls and light
fraction (water and oil) will be the center. The oil has a
 density of less going towards the shaft and pushed out
through the blades (paring disk), and accommodated in
reclaimed reclaimed tank before being pumped by the oil
pump to circulate back to the CST. While the sludge
(containing water) mempuyai greater density will be
pushed into the bowl wall and out through the nozzle,
then the sludge out through the sewer to the fat pit.

i. Sludge drain tank

The bottom layer of the CST, and the sludge tank at
specified intervals didrain to the sludge tank drain. In the oil
tank sludge drain flows quietly and allowed to drain and
overflow reclaimed accommodated in the tank, and then
pumped back to the CST for then purified again. While dirt and
water flowed into the pit fat.

j. Fat Pit
Before the sludge in the waste to sewage treatment
pond, first housed in the fat pit with the intention that the oil
can separate that still brought back. In Fat Pit injected steam as
the heating to facilitate the separation process oil with dirt. The
oil is on the surface allowed to overflow
(overflow). Furthermore, the oil collected in a basin at the edge
of the pond pit fat, and then pumped back to the tank drain
sludge.
k. storage Tank
Oil from the vacuum dryer, and then pumped to a
storage tank (storage tank), at a temperature of 45-55 ° C
store. Every day is done the quality test. Oil produced from the
flesh of the fruit in the form of oil called Crude Palm Oil
(CPO).
6. STATION KERNEL
At this station the separation of fibers from the activities carried
nut, the separation of the core from the shell and core drying. Equipment
used in this station, including: Cake Breaker Conveyor (CBC),
Depericarper, Nut Silo, Ripple Mill, Claybath, and Kernel Silo.

a. Cake Breaker Conveyor (CBC)

The dregs of the screw press consists of fiber and nuts
are still clot entered into CBC.CBC is a screw conveyor mounted
palt but screwnya square as fiber and nut thrower.CBC serves to
break down lumps of fiber with a nut and bring it to depericarper.

b. Depericarper
Depericarper is a tool to separate the fiber with a
nut. Fiber and nut from the CBC entered into separating
column. Here the light fraction in the form of inhaled fibers with
fiber cyclone and in the capacity of the hopper as a fuel in the
boiler. While heavy fractions in the form of a nut downstairs
entrance to the polishing drum.

c. Nut Polishing Drum

Nut polishing drum in the form of a drum with holes that
berrputar. As a result of this rotation friction resulting fibers are
still attached to the nut eroded and separated from the nut. Nut
fall, then nut nut transported by conveyor and destoner (second
depericarper) to separate stones and objects - objects that are
heavier than iron nut like. Nut carried upwards fall back in the
water lock and on the capacity of the elevator nut nut to be
brought into the silo.

d. Nut Silo
The function of this tool as a shelter nut, this is done to
reduce the water content so it is more easily broken down and
the enduring core of the shell.
e. Ripple Mill
Seeds of nut ripple silo entrance to the mill to be broken
so that the core separate from the shell. Seeds that go through the
rotor will experience a centrifugal force so that the seeds out of
the rotor and slammed firmly that causes broken shells. Having
solved the core is still mixed with impurities brought into the
kernel grading drum.

f. Kernel Grading Drum

In kernel grading drum is in strained between nut, nut
shell and dirt with unsolved.Nut shell and dirt to get away from
the sieve brought to LTDS. As for the captive nut or nut is
returned to the conveyor.

g. Light Tenera Dry Separator (LTDS)

In this section separation will occur where fractions
lighter will be inhaled by LTDS cyclone. Fractions were mild
suction consisting of shells and fibers will be brought into the
hopper via fiber shell and shell conveyor. Core and shell portion
are not separated, separated again on clay bath.

h. Clay Bath
Clay bath is a separation tool core with a shell. This wet
separation process that uses a solution of CaCO 3 and water with
particle size of CaCO 3 passes mesh 400. Clay bath solution
serves as a divider between the kernel and the shell based on
density.Kernel density wet = 1.07 and a specific gravity of shell
= 1.15 to 1.20, then to separate the kernel and shell made solution
with a specific gravity = 1.12. The part that will float light and
heavy part will sink. Nucleus is the fraction of light will be
brought into the kernel silo to store a certain temperature.
 i. kernel Silo
Core which still contains water, it should be dried to a
moisture content of 7%. Core that comes from separation in a
clay bath through top wet conveyor kernel is distributed into the
kernel unit silos to do the drying process. In this silo core kernel
will be dried using hot air from the steam heater that is exhaled
by Fan kernel kernel silo into the silo. Drying is carried out at a
temperature of 60-80 ° C for 4-8 hours.The dried kernel is
brought to kernel kernel dry bulk silo via transport fan.

To clarify the flow of processing of oil can be seen in

Processing of CPO into cooking oil as follows:

Figure II. 4 CPO into cooking oil

1. Degumming process
Degumming process aims to eliminate dissolved substances or
substances that are colloidal, such as resin, gum, protein and
phosphatides in crude oil. In principle this degumming process is the
process of formation and floc-floc binding of dissolved substances and
substances that are colloidal in crude oil, so that floc-floc formed large
enough to be separated from the oil. Degumming the most widely used
 is degumming with acid. The influence caused by the acid is
agglomerate and precipitate substances such as proteins, phosphatides,
gums and resins contained in crude oil.

2. Neutralization process
The process of neutralization or deasidifikasi on the refining of
crude oil aims to remove free fatty acids contained in crude oil. Free
fatty acids (FFA) can cause the rancid smell. Neutralization process is
most often used in the chemical industry is the process of neutralization
with caustic soda, with the principle of saponification reactions between
free fatty acid with caustic soda solution, the reaction penyabunannya as
follows:
R ---- COOH + NaOH R-COONa + H2O
Optimum reaction conditions at atmospheric pressure is at a
temperature of 70 ° C, where the reaction is an equilibrium reaction
which will be shifted to the right. Soda lime are reacted usually
exaggerated, approximately 5% of the needs stokiometris.Soaps were
separated by precipitation. Besides caustic soda serves as a neutralizer
of free fatty acids, also has properties decolourant (decoulorization).

3. Bleaching process
The process of bleaching (bleaching) is intended to reduce or
eliminate substances of color (pigment) in the crude oil, either dissolved
or dispersed. Crude oil colors can be derived from the default color or
color oil arising from the processing of CPO into cooking oil. Pigments
commonly found in crude oil is a carotenoid that is red or yellow, and
phaephytin chlorophillida green.
Bleaching process used is the process of bleaching with
absorption. This process uses an absorbent (absorbent) having a high
surface activity to absorb the dye contained in crude oil. Besides
absorbing dye, the absorbent can absorb substances that have colloidal
properties such as gums and resins. Absorbents are most widely used in
the bleaching process oils and fats are ground pemucat (bleaching Erath)
and charcoal (carbon).Charcoal is very effective in removing pigment in
 red, green and blue, but because the price is too expensive then in use is
usually mixed with soil pemucat with the amount adjusted to the type of
crude oil that will dipucatkan.

4. deodorization process
Deodorization process a lot is steam distillation method which is
based on the difference in price volatility glycerides with compounds
that cause taste and odor, wherein said compounds more volatile than
glycerides. Steam used is superheated steam (steam cleaning), which are
easily separated by condensation.

Deodorization process is greatly influenced by the pressure,

temperature and time, all of which must be adapted to the type of crude
oil that is processed and used processing system. Operating temperature
maintained in order not to cause a succession terdistilasinya
glycerides.Pressure cultivated as low as possible so that the oil is
protected from oxidation by air and reduce the amount of steam
consumption. In this batch system, an operating pressure of about 3 Torr
and a temperature of 240 oC.

5. The fractionation process

Crystallization fractionation process consists of a fraction which
becomes solid at a given temperature and was followed by the separation
of the two factions. Fraction into a crystal stearin and which remain
liquid is olein.Beberapa fractionation processes are commonly used are:
 Dry fractionation (fractionation without solvent).
 Wet fractionation (fractionation with solvents).
 Fractionation with a solution of detergent sodium lauryl
sulphate.
Dry fractionation processes based on cooling of oil under
controlled conditions without the addition of any chemicals. There are
three operations involved, namely seeding, crystallization and
filtration. At first, the oil heated to 70 ° C to obtain a homogeneous
 liquid and then cooled with cooling water to a temperature of 40 ° C,
then cooled till a temperature of 20 ° C and maintained until the
crystallization process is considered complete.
The function of this agitation is that the cooling in the tank is more
homogeneous so that the separation of olein and stearin more
mudah.Temperatur efflorescence depends on oil quality: The quality
consumer fat crystals formed at a temperature of 28 ° C.
In the filtration process RBDPO crystals that are formed in the
crystallization tank is transferred to a filter press for separation of palm
olein and stearin. Olein result of the filtration tank is transferred to the
SS and MS tank. SS tank for quality olein analyzed if it complies with
the specifications directly into the storage tank olein (quality bottling),
while the MS tanks are used for quality olein that RBD oleinnya filtered
spray and the results are directly channeled to the storage tank olein
(quality drumming, tinning and industry). Before transferred to the
intermediate tank, for the quality of bottling and tinning added
antioxidants it is to maintain the quality of the oil.As for the quality of
the drumming and ndustri not added antioxidants. This is due to the oil
quality industrial drumming and immediately used / consumed.

2.7. BENEFITS OF PALM OIL

Another benefit of the process palm oil industry, among others:
a. As an alternative fuel Biodiesel
b. As pakanan animal nutrition (shell processing results)
c. As the compost material (shell processing results)
d. As a base material other industries (soap industry, cosmetic industry, food
industry)
e. As a remedy for the content of vegetable oils with high prospects
 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION & SUGGESTION

2.8. CONCLUSION
a. Oil palm (Elaeis) is an important industrial plants producing cooking oil, industrial
oil, and fuel (biodiesel).
b. Oil Palm tree comprised of two species of Arecaceae or palm family.
c. Factors - factors the low quality of palm oil can be directly from the nature of the
parent tree, post-harvest handling, or error during processing and transport.
d. In the manufacture of cooking oil from palm oil obtained several stages and
processes as follows:
1.Tahap manufacture cooking oil from palm oil (CPO fruit into)
1. Loding Ramp
2. Sterilizer
3. Thresser
4. Pres station
5. Purification station
6. Station kernel
2. The process of making cooking oil from palm oil (CPO into oil
Production )
1. Process degumming
2. Neutralization process
3. Bleaching process
4. Deodorization process
5. Process fractionating

2.9. SUGGESTION
The author hopes that this paper, we can find out how your way of processing
palm oil into cooking oil
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