1) Ramjac Company wants to set up k independent file

servers, each capable of running the company's

intranet. Each server has average "uptime" of 98%. a. .396
What must k be to achieve 99.999% probability that
b. .210
the intranet will be "up?"
c. .583
a. 4
d. .360
b. 3 6) Two events are complementary (i.e., they are
c. 1 complements) if
d. 2
a. the sum of their probabilities equals one.
2) The following table shows the survival
experience of 1,000 males who retire at age 65:
b. the joint probability of the two events equals one.
c. they are independent events with equal probabilities.
d. they are disjoint and their probabilities sum to one.
7) The probability that event A occurs, given that
event B has occurred, is an example of
Based on this data, the probability that a 75-
year old male will survive to age 80 is a. a joint probability.
b. a conditional probability.
a. 0.596
c. more than one of the above.
b. 1-0.596 = 0.404
d. a marginal probability.
c. 1-0.775 = 0.225 8) Information was collected on those who attended the
opening of a new movie. The analysis found that
d. 0.769 56% of the moviegoers were female, 26% were
4) Given the contingency table shown here, find P(E | F). under age 25, and 17% were females under the age
of 25. Find the probability that a moviegoer is either
female or under age 25.

a. .79
a. .160 b. .50
b. .300 c. .65
c. .533 d. .82
d. .340 9) Given the contingency table shown here, find P(A2 |
5) Given the contingency table shown here, B3).
find P(A and M).
 12) Given the contingency table shown here,
a. .1893
find P(A3 and B2).
b. .3721
c. .1842
d. .0685
10) Given the contingency table shown here,
ind P(V | S).
Select one:

a. .1006
Select one:
b. .0942
c. .2933
d. .3212

13) Given the contingency table shown here, find P(V |

W).
a. .1900

b. .2639

c. .4144
d. .0475
Select one:
11) Given the contingency table shown here,
what is the probability that a mother
a. .2375
smoked during pregnancy and had a college
b. .4000
c. .5875
d. .0950
14) Given the contingency table shown here, find the
joint probability that a call sampled at random
out of this population is local and 2-5 minutes
degree? long.
Select one:

a. .2385
b. .0428
c. .0803
Select one:
d. .0111
a. .4000
 b. .5000 a. .315
c. .4625 b. .227
d. .3125 c. .419
15) At Joe's Restaurant, 80 percent of the diners are new
customers (N), while 20 percent are returning d. .750
customers (R). 50 percent of the new customers pay 18) Given the contingency table shown here,
by credit card, compared with 70 percent of the
regular customers. If a customer pays by credit card,
what is the probability that the customer is a new
customer?
Select one:
a. .7407 find P(V U S).
b. .5400 a. .4300
c. .5000
b. .3825
d. .8000
c. .4775
16) Given the contingency table shown here, if a
mother attended some college but did not have a d. .0475
degree, what is the probability that she did not 19) Given the contingency table shown here,
smoke during her pregnancy? find P(F U G).
Select
one:

a. .470
b. .810
c. .160
Select one: d. .650
20) Which statement is false?
a. .8752
a. If A and B are mutually exclusive events
b. .2736
then P(A U B) = 0.
c. .8399
b. The number of permutations of 5 things taken 2 at a
d. .9197 time is 20.
17) Given the contingency table shown here, find the c. If P(A) = .05 then the odds against event A's
probability that a randomly-chosen employee is occurrence are 19 to 1
a line worker who plans to retire at age 65.
21) Independent events A and B would be consistent
Survey question: Do you plan on retiring or keep
with which of the following statements:
working when you turn 65?
Select one:
a. P(A) = .5, P(B) = .4, P(A UB) = .3
 b. P(A) = .4, P(B) = .5, P(A UB) = .2 c. The probability that a pair of dice will come up 7 in a
given throw.
c. P(A) = .3, P(B) = .5, P(A UB) = .4
d. The probability that the summer Olympic games will
d. P(A) = .4, P(B) = .3, P(A UB) = .5
be held in Chicago in 2020.
22) Given the contingency table shown here, what
26) Given the contingency table shown here, find P(V).
is the probability that a mother smoked during
pregnancy if her education level was below
high school?
Select one:

a. .0907
b. .3503
c. .3804
d. .2385 a. .40
23) If two events are complementary then we b. .20
know that
c. .50
a. the sum of their probabilities is one. d. .80
b. the joint probability of the two events is one. 27) Given the contingency table shown here, if a
randomly-chosen student attends school in an inner
c. they are independent events. city location, what is the probability that it is a public

d. their intersection has a nonzero

probability.
24) How many ways can we choose 3 items
at random without replacement from 5
items (A, B, C, D, E) if the order of the
selected items is not important? school?

a. 24
b. 60
c. 120
d. 10
25) Which best exemplifies
a subjective probability? Select one:

a. The probability that a female aged 30 will have an a. .500

accident in a week's car rental at Hertz.
b. .333
b. The probability that a checked bag on Flight 1872
will weigh more than 40 pounds. c. .567
 Select one:
d. .189
28) Given the contingency table shown here, a. .855
b. .555
c. .625
d. .250
32) Given the contingency table shown here,
find P((A1 and A2). find P(A U B).
Select one:

a. .09
b. .38
c. .00 Select one:
d. .28
a. .60
29) From the following tree, find the probability
that a randomly-chosen person will get the flu. b. .85
Select one: c. .42
a. d. .25
.1900
33) Regarding probability, which of the following
b. is correct?
.7000
Select one:
c. .0700
a. The probability of the union of two events can
exceed one.
d.
.8100 b. When events A and B are mutually exclusive,
30) Given the contingency table shown here, find
the probability that a mother with some then P(A B) = P(A) + P(B).
college smoked during pregnancy. c. The union of events A and B consists of all
Select one: outcomes in the sample space that are contained in
both event A and event B.
a. .1078
d. When two events A and B are independent the
joint probability of the events can be found by
b. .1601 multiplying the probabilities of the individual
c. .1746 events.
31) Given the contingency table shown here, find P(B | 34) Given the contingency table shown here,
A). find P(L U W).
Survey question: Do you plan on retiring or
keep working when you turn 65?
 Select one: 38) Debbie has two stocks, X and Y. Consider the
following events:
a. .435 X = the event that the price of stock X has increased
Y = the event that the price of stock Y has increased
b. .895
The event "the price of stock X has increased and the
c. .750 price of stock Y has not increased" may be written as
d. .588 Select one:
35) Regarding the rules of probability, which of a. X UY ′
the following statements is correct?
b. X ′ and Y
Select one:
c. X UY
a. The probability of A and its complement will
sum to one. d. X andY ′
39) If P(A½B) = 0.40 and P(B) = 0.30, find P(A and B).
b. If event A occurs, then its complement will
also occur. Select one:
c. If A and B are independent events, then P(B) a. .120
= P(A) P(B).
b. .571
d. The sum of two mutually exclusive events is
c. .171
one.
36) Given the contingency table shown here, d. .525
find P(A1 U B2). 1) The ______________ shows the relationship
between two variables.

a. histogram
b. box plot
Select one: c. bar chart
d. scatter plot
a. .3854
2) Five homes were recently sold in Oxnard
b. .0933 Acres. Four of the homes sold for $400,000
c. .0300 while the fifth home sold for $2.5 million.
Which measure of central tendency best
d. .3182 represents a typical home price in Oxnard
37) The number of unique orders in which 5 items Acres?
(A, B, C, D, E) can be arranged is
a. The median or mode.
Select one:
b. The mean or mode.
a. 24
c. The midrange or mean.
b. 120
d. The mean or median.
c. 84
d. 5 3) Heights of male students in a certain statistics
class range from Xmin = 61 to Xmax = 79.
 Applying the Empirical Rule, a reasonable below. Which statement is least defensible?
estimate of σ would be

a. 3.50
b. 3.25
c. 2.75
d. 3.00
4) Twelve randomly-chosen students were asked
how many times they had missed class during a. The mean age probably exceeds the median age.
a certain semester, with this result: 3, 2, 1, 2,
1, 5, 9, 1, 2, 3, 3, 10. The median is b. The mode would be a reasonable measure of
central tendency.
a. 7.0 c. The data are somewhat skewed to the left.
b. 2.5 d. The CD is unlikely to appeal to retirees.
c. 3.0 7) The following table is the frequency
distribution of parking fees for a day:
d. 3.5
5) Estimate the mean exam score for the 50
students in Prof. Axolotl's class.

The mean parking fee is

a. $7.25
b. $6.95
a. 62.0 c. $7.00
b. 64.1 d. $7.07
c. 59.2 8) Which statement is false? Explain.

d. 63.5 a. If μ = 640 and σ = 128 then the coefficient of

6) VenalCo Market Research surveyed 50
individuals who recently purchased a certain
CD, revealing the age distribution shown
variation is 20 percent.
b. If the data are from a normal population, about
68% of the values will be within μ ± σ.
c. If μ = 52 and σ = 15, then X = 81 would be an
outlier.
9) Twelve randomly-chosen students were asked
how many times they had missed class during
a certain semester, with this result: 2, 1, 5, 1,
1, 3, 4, 3, 1, 1, 5, 18. For this sample, which
 measure of central tendency is least
representative of the "typical" student?
a. Midrange.
b. Mode.
c. Median.
d. Mean.
10) For U.S. adult males, the mean height is 178
cm with a standard deviation of 8 cm and the
mean weight is 84 kg with a standard
deviation of 8 kg. Elmer is 170 cm tall and
weighs 70 kg. It is most nearly correct to say
that
a. Elmer's weight is more unusual than his height.
b. Height has more variation than weight.
c. Elmer is heavier than he is tall.
d. Height and weight have the same degree of
variation.
11) A smooth distribution with one mode is
negatively skewed (skewed to the left). The
median of the distribution is $65. Which of
the following is a reasonable value for the
boxplot.
distribution mean?
a. $54
b. $81
c. $76
d. $65
12) A smooth distribution with one mode is
negatively skewed (skewed to the left). The
median of the distribution is $65. Which of
the following is a reasonable value for the
distribution mean?
a. $54
b. $81
c. $76
d. $65
13) In a sample of 10,000 observations from a
normal population, how many would you
expect to lie beyond three standard deviations
of the mean?
a. About 127.
b. About 100.
c. About 27.
d. None of them.
14) Which is a weakness of the mode?
a. It is hard to calculate when n is small.
b. It is usually about the same as the median.
c. It does not apply to qualitative data.
d. It is inappropriate for continuous data.
15) Which is a correct statement concerning the
median?
a. In a left-skewed distribution, we expect that the
median will exceed the mean.
b. The median is halfway between Q1 and Q3 on a
c. The sum of the deviations around the median is
zero.
d. The median is an observed data value in any data
set.
16) Which is a characteristic of the mean as a
measure of central tendency?
a. It is less reliable than the mode when the data are
continuous.
b. It utilizes all the information in a sample.
c. It is usually equal to the median in business data.
d. Deviations do not sum to zero when there are
extreme values.
17) If the mean and median of a population are
the same, then its distribution is
 21) Which statistics offer robust (resistant to
a. normal.
outliers) measures of central tendency?
b. symmetric.
c. skewed. a. Median, midhinge, trimmed mean.

d. uniform. b. Trimmed mean, midrange, midhinge.

18) As a measure of dispersion, compared to the c. Mean, mode, quartiles.
range, an advantage of the standard deviation d. Mean, midrange, mode.
is
22) The quartiles of a distribution are most
a. considering all data values. clearly revealed in which display?
b. describing the distance between the highest and
a. Histogram.
lowest values.
b. Dotplot.
c. being calculated easily through the use of a
formula. c. Boxplot.
d. considering only the data values in the middle of d. Scatter plot.
the data array. 23) Which Excel function would be least useful to
19) One disadvantage of the range is that calculate the quartiles for a column of data?

a. only extreme values are used in its calculation. a. = STANDARDIZE

b. it does not exist for some data sets.
c. it is expressed in different units than the mean.
d. it is undefined if any X values are 0 or negative.
20) Find the sample correlation coefficient for the
following data.
b. = QUARTILE
c. = PERCENTILE
d. = RANK
24) A sample of customers from Barnsboro
National Bank shows an average account
balance of $315 with a standard deviation of
$87. A sample of customers from Wellington
Savings and Loan shows an average account
balance of $8350 with a standard deviation of
$1800. Which statement about account
balances is correct?

a. Barnsboro Bank has more variation.

b. Both have the same variation.
c. Wellington S&L has more variation.
a. .9822 25) Exam scores in a small class were 0, 50, 50,
70, 70, 80, 90, 90, 100, 100. For this data set,
b. .9556
which statement is incorrect concerning
c. .8911 central tendency?
d. .9132
 29) Three randomly-chosen Colorado students
a. The mode is not helpful.
were asked how many times they went rock
b. The mean is 70. climbing last month. Their replies were 5, 6,
7. The standard deviation is
c. The geometric mean is useles
a. 0.816
d. The median is 70.
26) Which is not true of the Empirical Rule? b. 1.000
c. 1.212
a. It can be applied to fewer distributions than
Chebyshev's theorem. d. 1.056
30) Three randomly chosen Michigan students
b. It assumes that the distribution of data follows a were asked how many round trips they made
bell shaped, normal curve. to Canada last year. Their replies were 3, 4, 5.
c. It applies to any distribution. The geometric mean is
d. It predicts more observations within μ ± kσ than
a. 3.877
Chebyshev's Theorem.
27) A survey of salary increases received during a b. 3.915
recent year by 44 working MBA students is c. 4.000
shown. Find the approximate mean percent
raise. d. 4.422
31) Which is not an advantage of the method of
medians to find Q1 and Q3?

a. Same method as Excel's = QUARTILE function.

b. Ease of interpolating quartile positions.
c. Intuitive definitions without complex formulas.
a. 6.56. d. Ease of application in small data sets.
b. 6.39.
32) Which is true of the kurtosis of a
c. 5.90. distribution?
d. 6.74.
a. It is risky to assess kurtosis if the sample size is less
28) Three randomly chosen California students than 50.
were asked how many times they drove to
Mexico last year. Their replies were 4, 5, 6. b. A distribution that is flatter than a normal
The geometric mean is distribution (i.e., thicker tails) is mesokurtic.
c. The expected range of the kurtosis coefficient
a. 3.87. increases as n increases.
b. 5.42. d. A distribution that is more peaked than a normal
c. 5.00. distribution (i.e., thinner tails) is platykurtic.
33) John scored 85 on Prof. Hardtack's exam
d. 4.93.
(Q1 = 40 and Q3 = 60). Based on the fences,
which is correct?

a. John is in the 85th percentile.
b. John is an outlier.
c. John is unusual but not an outlier.
d. John is neither unusual nor an outlier.
34) Twelve randomly-chosen students were asked
how many times they had missed class during
a certain semester, with this result: 2, 1, 5, 1,
1, 3, 4, 3, 1, 1, 5, 18. For this sample, the
median is
a. 3
b. 2
c. 3.5
d. 2.5
35) The following frequency distribution shows
the amount earned yesterday by employees of
a large Las Vegas casino. Estimate the mean
daily earnings.
37) Descriptive statistics does not seek to perform
which task?
a. Characterizing the "typical" or "middle" values of a
data set.
b. Clarifying the shape of the data set.
c. Summarizing the degree of dispersion in the data
set.
d. Inferring the values of population parameters.
38) Exam scores in a small class were 10, 10, 20,
20, 40, 60, 80, 80, 90, 100, 100. For this data
set, which statement is incorrect concerning
central tendency?
Select one:
a. The 5% trimmed mean would be awkward.
b. The mode is not helpful.
c. The geometric mean is 35.05.
d. The median is 60.00.
39) Which statement is false?

a. The skewness coefficient is zero in a sample from

any normal distribution.
b. The coefficient of variation cannot be used when
the mean is zero.

a. $117.13 c. The mean from a frequency tabulation may differ

from the mean from raw data.
b. $125.01
d. The standard deviation is in the same units as the
c. $105.47
d. $112.50 mean (e.g., kilograms).
36) When using the Chebyshev's theorem, the 40) The values of Xmin and Xmax can be inferred
minimum percentage of sample observations fairly well except in a
that will fall within 2 standard deviations of
the mean will be __________ the percentage Select one:
within 2 standard deviations if a normal a. box plot.
distribution is assumed (Empirical Rule).
b. scatter plot.
a. smaller than c. histogram.
b. the same as d. dot plot.
c. greater than
1. Which best exemplifies a subjective probability?
a. The probability that a pair of dice will come up 7 in a given throw.
b. The probability that a checked bag on Flight 1872 will weigh more than 40 pounds.
c. The probability that a female aged 30 will have an accident in a week's car rental at Hertz
d. The probability that the summer Olympic games will be held in Chicago in 2020.

2.

Given the contingency table shown here, find P(V | S).

a. .1900
b. .4144
c. .0475
d. .2639

3.

From the following tree, find the probability that a randomly-chosen person will get the flu vaccine and will also get the flu.
a. .1000
b. .7000
c. .0700
d. .1900

4.
Given the contingency table shown here, find the joint probability that a call sampled at random out of this population is local

and 2-5 minutes long.

a. .4625
b. .5000
c. .4000
d. .3125

5.
A company is producing two types of ski goggles. Thirty percent of the production is of type A, and the rest is of type B. Five
percent of all type A goggles are returned within 10 days after the sale, whereas only two percent of type B are returned. If a
pair of goggles is returned within the first 10 days after the sale, the probability that the goggles returned are of type B is
a. .014
b. .140
c. .483
d. .070

6. Find the probability that either event A or B occurs if the chance of A occurring is .5, the chances of B occurring is .3, and
events A and B are independent.
a. .85
b. .80
c. .65
d. .15

7.

Given the contingency table shown here, what is the probability that a mother smoked during pregnancy if her education level
was below high school?
a. .3804
b. .0907
c. .3503
d. .2385

8. In any sample space P(A½B) and P(B½A)

a. are equal only if P(A) = P(B).
b. are never equal to one another.
c. are reciprocals of one another.
d. are always equal to one another.

9.
Given the contingency table shown here, if a call is sampled at random, find the marginal probability that the call is long
distance

a. .3750
b. .4000
c. .6250
d. 300/500

10. The following relationship always holds true for events A and B in a sample space.
a. P(A½B) = P(B½A) P(A)
b. P(A½B) = P(B½A)
c. P(A B) = P(A½B) P(B)

11.

Given the contingency table shown here, find P(A B).

a. .85
b. .42
c. .60
d. .25

12

Given the contingency table shown here, what is the probability that a participant selected at random is a graduate student who
opposes the change to a quarter system?
a. .1350
b. .250
c. .375
d. .135

13.
Given the contingency table shown here, find the probability that either event A2 or event B2 will occur.
a. .0600
b. .4454
c. .5054

14. Regarding the rules of probability, which of the following statements is correct?
a. The sum of two mutually exclusive events is one.
b. If A and B are independent events, then P(B) = P(A) P(B).
c. The probability of A and its complement will sum to one.
d. If event A occurs, then its complement will also occur.

15 .If P(A½B) = 0.40 and P(B) = 0.30, find P(A B).

a. .120
b. .171
c. .525
d. .571

16.

Given the contingency table shown here, find P(G | M).

a. .1800
b. .1350
c. .0450
d. .3333

17.

Given the contingency table shown here, find P((A1 A2 )

a. .09
b. .28
c. .38
d. .00
18. The value of 6C2 is
a. 720
b. 15
c. 30
d. 12

19. Which best exemplifies the classical definition of probability?

a. The probability that a male aged 50 will have an accident in a week's car rental at Alamo.
b. The probability that a checked bag on Flight 1872 will weigh more than 30 pounds.
c. The probability that the winter Olympic games will be held in Europe in 2022.
d. The probability that a pair of dice will come up 7 when they are rolled.

20.

Given the contingency table shown here,

find P(V×).
a. .50
b. .15
c. .80
d. .30