Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
is
Geosta+s+cs?
• A
branch
of
applied
sta+s+cs
that
places
emphasis
on
the
geological
context
of
the
data
and
the
spa+al
rela+onship
between
data.
• A
indispensable
part
of
reservoir
management.
Why
use
Geosta+s+cs?
• Very
few
direct
observa+ons.
• Provide
means
for
popula+ng
a
3D
structural
model
with
physical
proper+es
in
a
consistent
way.
• Systema+c
way
for
describing
and
handling
reservoir
uncertainty.
Basic
Defini+ons
• Probability:
a
measurement
of
the
likelihood
of
an
event.
• Variance:
a
measurement
of
how
different
the
members
of
a
collec+on
are
from
each
other.
• Correla+on:
a
way
to
measure
whether
two
separate
collec+ons
are
related.
• Anisotropy:
a
way
to
measure
whether
variance
within
a
collec+on
of
data
is
direc+on-‐dependent.
Sta+onarity
• An
assump+on
which
is
made
regarding
the
rules
of
behavior
of
the
proper+es
we
analyze,
study,
or
model
with
geosta+s+cal
tools.
• It
assumes
that
the
mean
of
a
property
(e.g.,
average
porosity)
is
constant
and
differences
from
this
mean
are
seen
as
local
fluctua+ons.
• Why
do
we
separate
the
structural
model
into
“zones”?
Why
do
we
separate
rocks
into
difference
“facies”?
To
sa+sfy
the
sta+onarity
assump+on.
Histogram
and
Probability
Distribu+on
Func+on
(PDF)
(e.g.,
grades)
Cumula+ve
Distribu+on
Func+on
(CDF)
PDF
and
CDF
in
Petrel
PDF
and
CDF
in
Petrel
Common
PDF/CDF
Normal
Distribu+on
Model
variogram
(adjustable)
Rough
model
Smooth
model
Kriging
• An
es+ma+on
(mapping)
technique
based
on
fundamental
sta+s+cal
proper+es
of
data
(mean
and
variance).
• Assume
the
data
is
sta+onary
(no
trends)
• Inputs:
– Data
set
(e.g.,
well
data)
– Variogram
Kriging
is
weighted
linear
es+mates:
combining
known
values
of
z
at
loca+ons
xi
to
es+mate
unknown
value
z
at
x0
Influence
of
variogram
range
on
weights