4.

0 DISCUSSION

Velocity is the rate of displacement change, the difference between an object's final and
initial position. Velocity can be understood as the speed of a moving body in a particular
direction whereas acceleration is any change in the velocity of the object, with respect to time.
Velocity is equivalent to a specified speed and direction of motion. Velocity is an important
concept in kinematics, the branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of bodies.
Velocity is a physical quantity of the vector; it requires both magnitude and direction to define
it. The scalar absolute value (magnitude) of velocity is called "speed," a quantity measured in
meters per second (m / s or m·s−1) in the SI (metric) system. If there is a change in speed,
direction, or both, then the object has a shift in velocity and is said to be experiencing
acceleration. But there's a different speed and velocity.

In the calculation that we have study, we can find that the higher the length of the
connecting rod the slower velocity is recorded. The velocity of longer connecting rod is 13.83
m/s while the shorter connecting rod is 14.86 m/s. Next, the acceleration of the connecting rod
is recorded, the acceleration of longer rod is 2900.40 𝑚/𝑠 2 while the shorter is recorded in
3062.23 𝑚/𝑠 2 . So that, the shorter of connecting rod the faster the rotation of the rod with the
piston been made. The velocity of higher connecting rod length is lower compare to minimum
length. This is because the higher the length of connecting rod is applied, the minimum velocity
is needed to moving the rod. Next is, we calculated the acceleration of the rod, the result we
can see is same as the velocity. The higher the length of the rod, the lower acceleration is
needed on the car engine system.

In a reciprocating piston engine, the connecting rod or conrod is connects the piston
with the crank or crankshaft. A connecting rod is a link between the reciprocal piston and the
rotating crankshaft. The connecting rod's small finish is hooked up to the piston by the use of
a gudgeon pin. The connecting rod operation is to convert the piston's reciprocal movement
into the crankshaft's rotating motion. They form, together with the crank, a simple mechanism
that converts linear motion into a rotating motion. In some connecting rods, a hole is drilled
between two ends to carry lubricating oil from the big finish to the small finish for piston and
piston pin lubrication. The connecting rod is known as the intermediate component between
the crank and the piston. Connecting rod's objective is to transmit push & pull from the piston
pin to the crank pin and then convert the piston's reciprocal motion into the crank's rotating
motion.
 The connecting rod is under tremendous stress from the reciprocating load represented
by the piston, actually stretching and being compressed with each rotation, and the load
increases to the engine speed square. The failure of a connecting rod, usually referred to as
"throwing a rod," is one of the most common causes of catastrophic engine failure in cars, often
placing the broken rod through the side of the crankcase and thus making the engine
irreparable; it can result from fatigue near a physical defect in the rod, failure of lubrication in
the bearing due to faulty maintenance or failure of the rod bolt. Torque is the turning or twisting
force developed on the crankshaft by the engine. It develops a certain amount of torque (turning
forces) as the engine runs, which varies the rpm. High torque at low rpm gives the vehicle good
pulling power and easy driving.

When building a high performance engine, geometrically it can be seen that the longer
connecting rods will reduce the amount of this sideways force, and therefore lead to longer
engine life. However, on a given engine block, the sum of the length of the connecting rod plus
the piston stroke is a fixed number, giving greater engine displacement and power, requires a
shorter connecting rod (or a piston with smaller compression height), resulting in accelerated
cylinder wear.