❖ Research species in Borneo (Nick)

● Orangutan- highly intelligent primate, advanced tool making skills, shares

97% of DNA with humans, live in tropical forests, eat plants, honey, insects,
and bird eggs, killed for bushmeat and babies sold in illegal pet trade,
losing their habitat quickly
● Proboscis Monkey- Unusually large nose, live in coastal areas and along rivers,
on of the best primate swimmers, eats fruit and leaves, endangered by habitat
loss and poaching, numbers have gone down 50% in past 40 years
● Bornean Slow Loris- Lives in central south Borneo, nocturnal, omnivore, toxic
bite, endangered by habitat loss, hunting, and illegal capture
● Pygmy Squirrel- Lives in lowland and lower hilly regions, endangered by
massive habitat loss
● Flying Squirrel- Live in rainforests, able to glide because of furry membrane going
from its wrist to ankle called the patagium, eats fruits, nuts, and bird eggs
● Sumatran Rhinoceros- smallest of all rhino species, only 80 left, poached
extensively
● Borneo Bay Cat- Live in swamp forests, hill forests, and lowland
dipterocarp forests, nocturnal, endangered by habitat loss
● Sunda Otter Civet- Live in the lowland primary forests, nocturnal, eats crabs,
mollusks, and fish, endangered by replacement of peat swamp forests by palm
oil plantations
● Clouded Leopards- Extremely secretive and solitary, nocturnal, little is
known about their whereabouts, hunt on the ground and are efficient
climbers which help them hide
● Pygmy Elephants- Live in tropical rainforests of Northern Borneo,
population has decreased by 50% in the last 3 generations
● https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/animals-of-borneo.html
❖ Research main ecosystem; rainforest (Nick)
● Island is on equator
● Tropic climate
● In lowlands temperature varies between 25 C to 35C
● Has 2 monsoon seasons dry (May-October) and wet(November-April)
● Receives 2,000 mm to 4,000 mm of rainfall annually
● Used to be connected to South East Asia mainland 65-1.6 million years ago
● Lowland dipterocarp forests with giant trees that have been there for nearly 30
million years
● Montane forests cover 7% of island and strip water from passing clouds making
them much cooler
● Vegetation fed by continuous rainfall and springs with rivers crisscrossing the
island
● https://wwf.panda.org/knowledge_hub/where_we_work/borneo_forests/about_bor
neo_forests/ecosystems/
❖ Problems that are affecting ecosystem (Andersen)
 ➢ https://e360.yale.edu/features/vanishing-borneo-saving-one-of-worlds-last-great-
places-palm-oil
■ Palm oil exports for consumption
● 50% of the rainforest has been cut down
■ Eradication of rainforest
● Synthetic rubber business
● Commercial trees cut down and brought out
● Entire rest of forest burned
● Logging for profits
➢ https://wwf.panda.org/knowledge_hub/where_we_work/borneo_forests/borneo_d
eforestation/
■ Deforestation
● Illegal logging
● 56% of protected land cut down
● Hundreds of species in danger from deforestation
● Impacts on the watershed
■ Land Conversion
● Demand for palm oil
● Threat of fire, dangerous haze
● Climate change due to deforestation (less oxygen, more CO2)
■ Wildlife Hunting and Trade
● Poaching poses great threat
● Wildlife crime big business run by international trade networks
■ Water
● Hydroelectric facilities and poor management of vegetation
■ Mining
● Exploitation of energy resources
● Forest loss
■
❖ Abiotic and biotic factors of the system, as well as how homeostasis is changed or
maintained (Andersen)
➢
❖ Model of energy flow (Sarah)
➢ Photosynthesis
■ Durian
(https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/proof/2014/07/29/postc
ards-from-borneo-the-worlds-stinkiest-but-best-fruit/)
■ Grass
➢ Movement of energy through levels
■ Grass
■ Chestnut-crested Yuhina
■ rhinoceros hornbill
 ■ Clouded Leopard
(​https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/c/clouded-leopar
d/​)
■ Worms
➢ Carbon cycle, biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere
■
❖ Solution (Sarah)
➢ What is already being done?
■ http://borneoproject.org/baram-peace-park
■ Reducing fossil fuel emissions
■ Secure land rights to reduce deforestation
■ Prevent the construction of a dam that would kill off species of Borneo
and drive people off the land
■ Prevent climate change
➢ What are we going to do to help?
■ Website
■ Posters
■ Promote donation
➢ How would it impact our ecosystem?
❖ Works cited (Everyone)
● “Baram Peace Park.” ​The Borneo Project​, borneoproject.org/baram-peace-park.
● “Clouded Leopard.” ​National Geographic​, 21 Sept. 2018,
www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/c/clouded-leopard/.
● “Ecosystems of the Heart of Borneo.” ​WWF​,
wwf.panda.org/knowledge_hub/where_we_work/borneo_forests/about_borneo_f
orests/ecosystems/.
● Nag, Oishimaya Sen. “Animals Of Borneo.” ​WorldAtlas​, 3 Oct. 2016,
www.worldatlas.com/articles/animals-of-borneo.html.
● “Threats to Borneo Forests.” ​WWF​,
wwf.panda.org/knowledge_hub/where_we_work/borneo_forests/borneo_deforest
ation/.
● “Vanishing Borneo: Saving One of the World's Last Great Places.” ​Yale E360,​
e360.yale.edu/features/vanishing-borneo-saving-one-of-worlds-last-great-places-
palm-oil.
❖ Peer Reviewed Journal Source
● Fernando, Prithviraj, et al. “DNA Analysis Indicates That Asian Elephants Are Native to
Borneo and Are Therefore a High Priority for Conservation.” ​PLOS Biology,​ Public
Library of Science, journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371%2f
Journal.pbio.0000006.