AR-404

Q. make a sketch of qutb-complx showing its development by qutb-ud-din aibak and subsequent by ala-ud-din
khilji.

Q. qutb-ud-din aibak realized that ‘he who holds Delhi holds India’. He laid the foundation of one of the most

remarkable monuments ever produced. Discuss this monument in detail.

Q. draw the plan of Qutub compex showing the additions of various dynasties. Describe the alai darwaza and its
contribution to future architecture in India.

The Qutb Minar is 72.5 metres (239 ft) high, has five distinct storeys, each marked by a projecting balcony carried on
muqarnas corbel and tapers from a diameter 14.3 metres at the base to 2.7 metres at the top, which is 379 steps

away.

The Alai Darwaza is a main gateway from southern side of the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque. It was built by the second
Khalji Sultan of Delhi, Ala-ud-din Khalji in 1311 AD, who also added a court to the pillared to the eastern side. The
domed gateway is decorated with red sandstone and inlaid white marble decorations, inscriptions in Naskh script,
latticed stone screens and showcases the remarkable craftsmanship of the Turkish artisans who worked on it. This is
the first building in India to employ Islamic architecture principles in its construction and ornamentation.

The Slave dynasty did not employ true Islamic architecture styles and used false domes and false arches. This makes
the Alai Darwaza, the earliest example of first true arches and true domes in India.[11] It is considered to be one of
the most important buildings built in the Delhi sultanate period. With its pointed arches and spearhead of fringes,
identified as lotus buds, it adds grace to the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque to which it served as an entrance.

Q. explain the philosophy of islam and make a sketch of a mosque showing its essential parts.

Q. explain though the neat sketches the various parts of a mosque and differentiate it with a Hindu temple.

Sahn (courtyard)
mosques must have a large prayer hall. In many mosques this is adjoined to an open courtyard, called a sahn. Within
the courtyard one often finds a fountain, its waters both a welcome respite in hot lands, and important for the
ablutions (ritual cleansing) done before prayer.

Mihrab (niche)

a niche in the wall that indicates the direction of Mecca, towards which all Muslims pray. Mecca is the city in which
the Prophet Muhammad was born, and the home of the most important Islamic site, the Kaaba. The direction of
Mecca is called the qibla, and so the wall in which the mihrab is set is called the qibla wall. No matter where a
mosque is, its mihrab indicates the direction of Mecca .Therefore, a mihrab in India will be to the west, while a one
in Egypt will be to the east. A mihrab is usually a relatively shallow niche

Minaret (tower)

One of the most visible aspects of mosque architecture is the minaret, a tower adjacent or attached to a mosque,
from which the call to prayer is announced.

Qubba (dome)
Most mosques also feature one or more domes, called qubba in Arabic. While not a ritual requirement like the
mihrab, a dome does possess significance within the mosque—as a symbolic representation of the vault of heaven.

ARCHES

Architectonic symbol of hands joined in prayer pointing towards heaven

Q. explain-

• Rauza

means shrine or tomb.It is also known as mazār, maqbara or dargah.

• Liwan

Refer to a long narrow-fronted hall or vaulted portal found in Levantine homes that is often open to the outside
• Squinch

A squinch in architecture is a construction filling in the upper angles of a square room so as to form a base to receive
an octagonal or spherical dome.

• Gumbads

Q. compare and contrast a Hindu temple an Islamic mosque architecture.

Q. explain the typical building types introduced by the Islamic rulers in India. How was its style and construction
different from the Islamic architecture prevalent in the rest of the world?

 Mosques
  Tombs
 Cities
 Forts
 Gardens
 Town gates
 Pavilions

Q. Write a short note on provincial Islamic architecture of India. Highlighting its distinguishing characters.

Q. Construction of round domes over square plan has been a special feature of Islamic architecture in India.
Discuss the various methods for the laying this structural innovation.

Q. explain the various structure system that were used to span/cover a cubic volume with a dome in Islamic
architecture citing typical examples.

Q. Islamic buildings for tombs represent entirely different types of architectural structure in India. Explain briefly
the essential feature of any one building of an early ruler before the Mughals at Delhi.

Q. firoj shah tuglaq initiated large projects of construction; explain one of his great projects of building.

Q. what was the contribution of the tughlaq dynasty to indo Islamic architecture?

Q. what were the contribution of tughlaqs in the indo Islamic architecture? Explain with sketches.

Q.in the period of sayyid and lodi dynasties is called … describe the tombs of this period with one example of one
tomb in detail.

Q. what were the planning principles of the Mughal architecture in India? Explain through the sketches.

Q. discuss the important characteristic features of Mughal architecture.

Q. briefly illustrates the planning and architecture of Delhi fort built by shahjahan.

Q. akbar and shahjahan were both great builders- distinguish between their styles/ attitude through their
landmark structures.

Q. the building attributed to Jahangir are distinctly different in there style and materials from the buildings of
akbar and shahjehan. Explain.
Q. what makes great Mughal akbar tomb a distinctive structure amongst all the Islamic tombs in India. Explain
with example.

Q. explain the concept of a fort and the architectural features it encompasses, citing an example.

Q. the taj mahal at Agra is regarded as a unique example of perfection in architecture. With the help of neat
sketches and brief notes, explain the elevation section and other main features of the monument.

Q. explain red fort at Delhi with pearl mosque masjid in Delhi.

Q. explain the main feature of later Islamic architecture in the awadh region of north India.

Q. explain the salient features of awadh architecture in phasis on bara imambara.

Q. fatehpur sikri is eternal in concept and style. Explain through sketches.

Q. explain the fortified city of jaisalmer with special reference to the fort, town and the havelis.

Q explain the salient features of Ibrahim rauza, bijapur. Highlight the shape and construction of bijapur domes.

Q. describe the four fortifies cities built during the British rule in India and discuss in detail.

Q. the colonial architecture was an eclectic mix of European and Indian. Explain through examples.

Q.how was Neo classicism reflected in the colonial architecture in India. Explain through examples.

Q. illustrate the salient features of planning and architecture of the new delhi

Q. draw and label the following-

• Taj mahal, Agra, - plan and section

• Ali darwaja, Delhi, -plan and elevation

• Gol gumbad, bijapur- plan and section

• Jama masjid, jaunpur- plan and section

Q. explain through sketches 5 main characteristics of the provincial styles-

• jaunpur

• punjab

• Bengal

• bidar

Q. write short note on

 char bagh
 step well
 imambara
 british bungalow
 char minar, Hyderabad
 buland darwaza, fatehpur sikri
 tomb of itmatud-daula, Agra
 minarets
  types of arches used in Mughal building
 British capital city of Delhi
 jama masjid, Ahmedabad
 hindola mahal, mandu
 atala masjid, jaunpur
 fort planning in India
 Bengal mosque
 Jahaz mahal, mandu
 Jama masjid, jaunpur
 Gol gumbaz, bijapur
 Planning principles of lutyen’s Delhi

Q. compare and contrast –

 shah rukh-i-am and ghiyas-ud-tughlaq tomb.

 sikander lodi’s tomb and sher shah suri’s tomb.
 Jehangir mahal, orchha and bir singh deo’s palace, datia.
 Himayun’s tomb, delhi and tajmahal , agra.

Q. expain the planning principles , structure and stylistic treatment of any one-

 jaunpur mosque
 gujrat mosque