BAB I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Speaking is one of English skill beacuse speaking and human cannot be separated from each
other. Speaking is used to express ideas and to communicative to people in the entire world. Speaking
is often understimated by manypeople because they think that they will have the bality to speak
fluently by themselves (Bygate, 1987).
Speaking is the four basic skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing) in learning a language.
Walter (2004) state that the ability to use a language to communicate is more important than to
undrstand the language itself. It means that, when students learning English they are expected to be
able to use the language to communicate with other not only to comprehend the language, but
speaking is the orally skill that can show the student use the language orally. In reality speaking needs
practice, a student will not be able to speech fluently if she or he only knows the theory of how to talk
without ever practicing it in the real life.
These problems were also faced the students, the first problem is almost all of the students
were afraid of making mistakes because they did not get accustomed to speak English. Second, the
students only responded it by using Bahasa Indonesia when the teacher taught English class actually
the students could understand what the teacher said, but they did not want to respond it directly in
English bacause of they lacked of time to practice. Third, the students felt ashamed to perform in front
of the class because they thought that they could not continue to speak when they get any pauses.
The researcher is going find out that the use of cue cards can improve the speaking fluency of
students. Richard and Rodgers (2001) suggest that cue cards are one of the media that can be used to
teaching, because the cue cards is simple and easy to use, the students will get easy to create their own
cue cards and immediately do speaking practice using them. In addition, cue cards also help them to
continue their speaking when they forget what they are going to say by loocking at keyword written
on cue cards.

B. Research Question
How can the use of cue cards improve the students speaking fluency at Senior High School?

C. Opperational Key Terms

1. Speaking is used to express ideas and to communicate to people in the entire world.
2. Fluency is the ability to speak a language smoothly without any unnecessary pauses.
3. Cue Cards are card containing word what we want to say if we got pauses in the middle of
speaking.
 BAB II
LITERATURE RIVIEW AND HYPOTHESIS

A. Literature Riveiw

In spaking of learning, teachers can use the media to help the learning process, one of the
media that can be used is the card. Harmer (2007) mentions that cards can be used in many ways in
teaching and larning activities .

There are many terms for cue cards used in speaking of learning, one that is used in this study
is the cue cards. Mora (1994) state that, cue cards can consist of witten text. Furtemore, Ross
(1995:127) adds that the key-word outline is usually easier to remember, and it makes the recordering
of ideas much easier. Based on those theories, Cue cards consist of key-word or main word to help the
speaker remember what word they want to say and guide the speaker to organize and develop their
idea easier.

Cue cards can help the students to prepare what they want to speak. They will help the
students who have difficulties in speaking to develop their idea. According to Hugges and Phillips
(2000), cue cards that they named as brief notes can help the speaker to be more responsive and
spontaneous when they are speaking. Therefore, because cue cards can be used to learn how to speak
spontaneously, cue cards also can be used to help the students to improve their fluency in speaking.

In this study, Cue Cards expected to be appropriate teaching aid to help the student improve
their speaking fluency. Cue Cards also are expected to solve the problems which are faced by the
students at Senior High School. Such as, they are lack of time to practice, feel affraid of making
mistakes, and feel ashame to do performance in front of the class. The students have lack of time to
practice because they spent much time to written down all material that they want to speak. The
students were affraid of making mistakes because they did not get accustomed to speak English. The
students felt ashamed to do performance in front of the class because they are worried about how if
they got pauses.
Cue cards will use by the students to help them as a guidlines to reorder idea, speak more
fluent in natural ways, and decrease unnecessery pauses. By using cue cards, the students will be
trained not to write down all sentence what they are going to say in order to make the students
accustom to speak spontaneously.

B. Hypothesis
Based on the problem statement on this research, the researcher formulated the hypothesis as
follows: The use of cue cards can improve the students speaking fluency at senior high school.
 BAB III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. The Research Design

In this research the researcher used pre-experimental design, it was one group pre-test
and post-test design. Hatch and Farhady (1982) defined that pre-test is the test which is given to the
students before the treatment, while the post-test is given to students after the treatment to find out the
students improvment.
The researcher applied pre-test and post-test design proposed by Hatch and Farhady
(1982:20) as following :
T1 X T2
There were two tests: T1= the pre-test and T2= the post-test. X was used to symbolize
the treatment in the representation of the design. The design above means that the teacher gave them
pre-test before treatment then gave them post-test after teaching several times using Cue Cards as a
media or Teaching Aid.

B. The Research Variables

According to Hatch and Farhady (1982:12), a variable can be defined as an attribute of
a person or of an object which varies from person or from object to object. There are two variables on
this research, Dependent variable and Independent variable. The dependent variable was the
improving students speaking fluency, while independent variable was the use of Cue Cards.

C. Sampling Technique
Sample is a section of population that the researcher actually going to survey.
McMillan and Schumacher (1984:32) say that Sample is a group of subjects selected from the
population. The population of this research was the students at Senior High School because the
researcher used cluster random sampling to choose 1 class for sample in this research . The sample
in this research was Class Xa which consist of 28 students.