One thing has always been true about rockets: The farther and faster you want to go,

the bigger you

rocket needs to be. Why? Rockets combine a liquid fuel with liquid oxygen to create thrust. Take away
the need for liquid oxygen and your spacecraft can be smaller or carry more pay load.That's the idea
behind a different propulsion system called "scramjet," or Supersonic Combustion Ramjet The oxygen
needed by the engine to combust is taken from the atmospheric air passing through the vehicle, instead
of from a tank onboard Its mechanically simple as it has no moving parts. All this makes the craft smaller,
lighter, faster and have more room to carry payload. In a conventional ramjet, the incoming supersonic
airflow is slowed to subsonic speeds by multiple shock waves, created by back-pressuring the engine.
Fuel is added to the subsonic airflow, the mixture combusts, and exhaust gases accelerate through a
narrow throat, or mechanical choke, to supersonic speeds. By contrast, the airflow in a pure scramjet
remains supersonic throughout the combustion process and does not require a choking mechanism,
which provides optimal performance over a wider operating range of Mach numbers. Modern scramjet
engines can function as both a ramjet and scramjet and seamlessly make the transition between the
two.

Scramjet Engine Seminar Report

Objective

The desire of man for speed and to fulfill his demands is growing so this lead to the objective of creating
the jet engine which could fly high fast and a man immediately reaches its destination. This lead to the
development of high-speed engine which has hyper sonic speed called as a scram jet engine. It is made
in such a way that it achieves a very high speed. It is an engine with combustion taking in supersonic flow
manner.

Scramjet Engine

History

During the second world war there was invented a jet fighter engine known as Heinkel which became
the first aircraft and after that, there was an engine developed called WHITTLE. The jet engine works on
Newton’s third law of motion, There are three main parts first compressor in which there are fans whose
blades pull in air and send it through a channel then there is the combustion chamber and the third
section is the turbine. This also has series of fans like the compressor.

Existing system

Earlier there were rockets which combine liquid fuel with liquid oxygen to generate thrust. But this
aircraft can be smaller in size. During World War II there was the need of aircraft that could fly at hyper
sonic speeds so this lead to the development of ramjets and scram jets. A ramjet is a form of the jet
engine which uses the forward motion to compress the air. Ramjet is a simple propulsion system for
high-speed flight. It provides high thrust and low weight.

About the engine

The scram jet engine occupies the lower part of the vehicle. There are five engine and two vehicle
components. The induction system compresses the air for processing by the other engine components.
These achieve an adequate system without any moving parts like a compressor. The main component in
an engine is an isolator. Then there is a combustion which provides efficient fuel-air mixing. It has a
simplicity of design and less payload. There are few moving parts needed in this engine which simplifies
both its design and maintenance. The turbojet engine which requires inlet fans and rotating compressor.

Scramjet Engine Seminar Report

Ramjet engine requires a high vehicle speed and it deaccelerates the incoming air whereas air flow in the
scramjet is supersonic throughout the engine. It relies on combustion of fuel and oxidizer to produce
thrust similar to conventional jet engines.

Scram jet means Supersonic Combustion Ramjet. It is its simplicity that acquires high velocity. These
carry the fuel with it and get the oxidizer by combustion of oxygen. When mounted on a high-speed
large amount of air go into the engine inlet and due to which the aircraft moves forward. Then the hot
exhaust air goes through a nozzle which is used for accelerating the flow of the engine. The scram jet has
very low thrust to weight ratios so acceleration is limitless. Modern rocket uses their own fuel but in
scram jets, the coolant is the fuel itself and the oxidizer is also used. There is a much reduction of craft
mass as fuel only need a tank, pumps so the scram jet involves only half an engine. There is a less
amount of fuel and oxidizer used in scram jets which means a large percentage of cost reduction, Scram
jets can be reused many times whether subject to extreme weather conditions.

Applications

It can be used in civil applications if one wants to travel from one place to another place one can do so
within few minutes.

It is used in military applications as well. It can be used as a propel missile