MATLAB Programs (IVSEM) - 1

BSC208A
MATLAB Programs
1. Consider the ordinary differential equation

𝒅𝒚
= 𝒚 + 𝒕𝟐 − 𝟏, 𝒚(𝟏) = 𝟕.
𝒅𝒙
Obtain the solution 𝒚 at points 𝒕 ∈ [𝟏, 𝟕] using ‘ode45’. Verify the solution using ‘dsolve’. Hence
plot both exact and numerical solution in the same figure.
Program:
%% Solution using ode45 and dsolve

tspan = [1, 7];
y0 = 7; % initial condition i.e,y at t=1.
f = @(t,y) y+t^2-1;
[t, y] = ode45(f, tspan, y0);
plot(t,y,'*')
hold on
y = dsolve('Dy=y+t^2-1','y(1)=7','t' );
t = linspace(1,7,50);
y = eval(y);
plot(t,y,'r')
Output:
4500
solution using ode45
4000 solution using dsolve
3500
3000
solution y
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
t-axis
2. Consider :
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝟐
𝒅𝒚
− 𝒕 − 𝟐𝒕𝒚 = 𝟏, 𝒚(𝟎) = 𝟏, 𝒚′ (𝟎) = 𝟎.
𝒅𝒕𝟐 𝒅𝒕
Use ‘ode45’ to find the solution 𝒚 at points 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟏 to 1 in steps of 0.2;

Solution: First write second order ODE in terms of system of two first order ODE.
Put
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑧,
𝑑𝑡
Given ODE implies
𝑑𝑧
= 𝑡 2 𝑧 + 2𝑡𝑦 + 1.
𝑑𝑡
For simplicity, set 𝑦 = 𝑦1 and 𝑧 = 𝑦2.
With this above system of equations become
𝑑𝑦1
= 𝑦2,
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦2
= 𝑡 2 𝑦2 + 2𝑡 𝑦1 + 1.
𝑑𝑡
Conditions 𝑦1(0) = 1, 𝑦2(0) = 0.
Program:
%% Solution using ode45

tspan = 0:0.2:1;
y0 = [1, 0];
f = @(t,y) [y(2); t^2*y(2)+2*t*y(1)+1];
[t, y] = ode45(f, tspan, y0);
n = length(tspan);
for i = 1:n
fprintf('solution y at t=%f is %f\n',t(i),y(i,1))
end
plot(t,y(:,1),'-*')
Output:
>> ODE2
solution y at t=0.000000 is 1.000000
solution y at t=0.200000 is 1.022702
solution y at t=0.400000 is 1.102595
solution y at t=0.600000 is 1.262645
solution y at t=0.800000 is 1.541062
solution y at t=1.000000 is 2.009335
2.4
2.2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
3. Write MATLAB function for the initial value problem using Euler’s method
𝒅𝒚
= 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 , 𝒚(𝟎) = 𝟏
𝒅𝒕
and determine the values of 𝒚 at 𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟖 with 𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟐.
Program:
function [] = myeuler(f,a,b,ya,h)
t = a:h:b;
n = length(t);
y = zeros(1,n);
y(1)=ya;
for i=1:n-1
y(i+1)=y(i)+h*f(t(i),y(i));
fprintf('Approximate value of y(%f)=%f \n', t(i+1), y(i+1))
end
plot(t,y,'-*')
output:
>> a=0; b=0.8; h=0.2; ya=1;
>> f = @(t,y)cos(t)+sin(t);
>> myeuler(f,a,b,ya,h)
Approximate value of y(0.200000)=1.200000
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
4. MATLAB function to perform Modified Euler method for the above question:
Program:
function [] = mymodeuler(f,a,b,ya,h)
t = a:h:b;
n = length(t);
maxit=11;
tre = 10^-6;
y = zeros(n,maxit);
y(1,:)=ya;
for i = 1:n-1
y(i+1,1)=y(i,end)+h*f(t(i),y(i,end));
for j=2:maxit
y(i+1,j)=y(i,end)+(h/2)*(f(t(i),y(i,end))+f(t(i+1),y(i+1,j-1)));
if abs(y(i+1,j)-y(i+1,j-1))<tre
y(i+1,j:end)=y(i+1,j);
break
end
end
fprintf('Approximate value of y(%f)=%f \n', t(i+1), y(i+1,j))
end
plot(t,y(:,end),'-*')
Output:
>> a=0; b=0.8; h=0.2; ya=1;
>> f = @(t,y)cos(t)+sin(t);
>> mymodeuler(f,a,b,ya,h)
2.4
2.2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
5. MATLAB function to perform Runge - Kutta method of 4th order to solve:
𝒅𝒚
= 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒆𝒙 − 𝒚, 𝒚(𝟎) = 𝟏,
𝒅𝒙
in the interval [𝟎, 𝟓] with step size 𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟐.
Program:
function [] = RK4(f,a,b,ya,h)
t = a:h:b;
n = length(t);
y = zeros(1,n);
y(1)=ya;
for i = 1:n-1
k1 = h*f(t(i),y(i));
k2 = h*f(t(i)+h/2,y(i)+k1/2);
k3 = h*f(t(i)+h/2,y(i)+k2/2);
k4 = h*f(t(i)+h,y(i)+k3);
y(i+1)= y(i)+1/6*(k1+2*k2+2*k3+k4);
fprintf('Approximate value of y(%f)=%f \n', t(i+1), y(i+1))
end
plot(t,y,'.')
end
Output:
>> a=0; b=5; h=0.2; ya=1;
>> f = @(t,y) 3*t^2*exp(t)-y;
>> RK4(f,a,b,ya,h)
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
6. Write a MATLAB program to solve the heat equation by explicit method.

𝝏𝒖 𝟏 𝝏𝟐 𝒖
= , 𝒖(𝟎, 𝒕) = 𝟎, 𝒖(𝟑, 𝒕) = 𝟎, 𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟓
𝝏𝒕 𝟐𝟎 𝝏𝒙𝟐
𝒖(𝒙, 𝟎) = 𝟐(𝟏 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝅𝒙), 𝟎≤𝒙≤𝟑
By taking step size along 𝒙 − axis 𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟏 and along 𝒕 − axis 𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟏
Program:
function [ ] = oneD_heat(t0,tn,x0,xm,h,k,c2)
t=t0:k:tn;
x=x0:h:xm;
m=length(x);
n=length(t);
a=c2*k/h^2;
f=@(x) 2*(1+sin(pi*x)); %Change f according with the problem
u=zeros(m,n);
u(:,1)=f(x);
if a>0.5
fprintf('The method fails')
return
end
for j=1:n-1
for i=2:m-1
u(i,j+1)=a*u(i-1,j)+(1-2*a)*u(i,j)+a*u(i+1,j);
end
end
disp(u)
%surf(t,x,u)
for j=1:n
plot(x,u(:,j),'r')
hold on
pause
end
end
Output:
>> t0=0; tn=0.5; x0=0; xm=3; h=0.1; k=0.1; c2=1/20;
>> oneD_heat(t0,tn,x0,xm,h,k,c)
2.0000 0 0 0 0 0
2.6180 2.5878 1.5590 1.5317 1.2556 1.2309
3.1756 3.1180 3.0633 2.5113 2.4618 2.1647
3.6180 3.5388 3.4635 3.3919 3.0738 3.0090
3.9021 3.8090 3.7205 3.6363 3.5562 3.3550
4.0000 3.9021 3.8090 3.7205 3.6363 3.5562
3.9021 3.8090 3.7205 3.6363 3.5562 3.4800
3.6180 3.5388 3.4635 3.3919 3.3238 3.2590
3.1756 3.1180 3.0633 3.0113 2.9618 2.9147
2.6180 2.5878 2.5590 2.5317 2.5056 2.4809
2.0000 2.0000 2.0000 2.0000 2.0000 2.0000
1.3820 1.4122 1.4410 1.4683 1.4944 1.5191
0.8244 0.8820 0.9367 0.9887 1.0382 1.0853
0.3820 0.4612 0.5365 0.6081 0.6762 0.7410
0.0979 0.1910 0.2795 0.3637 0.4438 0.5200
0 0.0979 0.1910 0.2795 0.3637 0.4438
0.0979 0.1910 0.2795 0.3637 0.4438 0.5200
0.3820 0.4612 0.5365 0.6081 0.6762 0.7410
0.8244 0.8820 0.9367 0.9887 1.0382 1.0853
1.3820 1.4122 1.4410 1.4683 1.4944 1.5191
2.0000 2.0000 2.0000 2.0000 2.0000 2.0000
2.6180 2.5878 2.5590 2.5317 2.5056 2.4809
3.1756 3.1180 3.0633 3.0113 2.9618 2.9147
3.6180 3.5388 3.4635 3.3919 3.3238 3.2590
3.9021 3.8090 3.7205 3.6363 3.5562 3.4800
4.0000 3.9021 3.8090 3.7205 3.6363 3.5562
3.9021 3.8090 3.7205 3.6363 3.5562 3.3550
3.6180 3.5388 3.4635 3.3919 3.0738 3.0090
3.1756 3.1180 3.0633 2.5113 2.4618 2.1647
2.6180 2.5878 1.5590 1.5317 1.2556 1.2309
2.0000 0 0 0 0 0
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
7. Write a MATLAB program to solve the wave equation by explicit method.
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝟐 𝒖
= , 𝒖(𝟎, 𝒕) = 𝟎, 𝒖(𝟑, 𝒕) = 𝟎, 𝟎≤𝒕≤𝟏
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒙𝟐
𝝏𝒖(𝒙, 𝟎)
𝒖(𝒙, 𝟎) = 𝒙(𝟏 − 𝒙) =𝟎 𝟎≤𝒙≤𝟏
𝝏𝒙
By taking step size along 𝒙 − axis, 𝒉 = 𝟏/𝟖 and along 𝒕 − axis, 𝒌 = 𝟏/𝟗
Here 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟏 implies 𝒄 = 𝟏, 𝒇 = 𝒙(𝟏 − 𝒙) and 𝒈 = 𝟎.
Program:
function [ ] = WaveEquation(t0,tn,x0,xm,h,k,c)
t=t0:k:tn;
x=x0:h:xm;
m=length(x);
n=length(t);
a=c*k/h;
f=@(x) x.*(1-x); % Change f according with the problem
g=@(x)0;
u=zeros(m,n);
u(:,1)=f(x);
if a>1
fprintf('The method fails')
return
end
for j=1:n-1
for i=2:m-1
if j==1
u(i,j+1)=(a^2*(u(i-1,j)+u(i+1,j))+(2-2*a^2)*u(i,j)+k*2*g(x(i)))/2;
else
u(i,j+1)=a^2*(u(i-1,j)+u(i+1,j))+(2-2*a^2)*u(i,j)-u(i,j-1);
end
end
end
disp(u)
surf(t,x,u)
end
output:
>> t0=0; tn=1; x0=0; xm=1; h=1/4; k=1/5; c=1;

>> WaveEquation(t0,tn,x0,xm,h,k,c)
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.1875 0.1475 0.0531 -0.0517 -0.1397 -0.1845
0.2500 0.2100 0.0900 -0.0772 -0.2117 -0.2541
0.1875 0.1475 0.0531 -0.0517 -0.1397 -0.1845
0 0 0 0 0 0
Note: Matrix displayed is displacement 𝑢 at different mesh points, 𝑖 𝑡ℎ column in the matrix represents
solution at (𝑖 − 1)𝑡ℎ time level for 𝑖 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
0.4
0.2
-0.2
-0.4
1
1
0.8
0.5 0.6
0.4
0.2
0 0

MATLAB Programs (IVSEM) - 1

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MATLAB Programs (IVSEM) - 1

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BSC208A

1. Consider the ordinary differential equation

%% Solution using ode45 and dsolve

Use ‘ode45’ to find the solution 𝒚 at points 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟏 to 1 in steps of 0.2;

%% Solution using ode45

6. Write a MATLAB program to solve the heat equation by explicit method.

By taking step size along 𝒙 − axis 𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟏 and along 𝒕 − axis 𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟏

Here 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟏 implies 𝒄 = 𝟏, 𝒇 = 𝒙(𝟏 − 𝒙) and 𝒈 = 𝟎.

>> t0=0; tn=1; x0=0; xm=1; h=1/4; k=1/5; c=1;

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