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In an offset printing machine the rollers (ink unit) and the cylinders (printing unit) are in contact in a lot of places. The contact
surfaces comprise a metal surface and a rubber surface. As appears from findings based on the professional literature and experience
Keywords and phrases: contact problem, offset, blanket cylinder, rubber blanket
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transferred onto the blanket cylinder provided with the paper, ink, dampening solution. To obtain the printout of
fixed blanket and then the image is transferred onto the good quality (without errors in question) involves the need
print substrate which is pressed by the impression cylinder. to spend more time to make the printing machine ready
There are two types of blankets: compressible and incom- for operation which, in turn, involves bigger energy con-
pressible (hardly ever used). The blankets are made of rub- sumption. The faster wear of the machine’s components
ber layer and fabric layers, where the compressible blanket can as well result in generating printouts errors, for example
has an additional compressible layer with air microbubbles because of too high vibration occurring in the machine.
[1,2]. This is another consequence, in addition to an increase in
Printing technologies use differentiation between rollers the cost of early wear of machine’s components, such as
and cylinders in the printing unit of the offset machine. ink rollers or plate [3].
The rollers have smaller diameters (and they may differ in
size) and the circumference of the rollers is closed. In turn, Materials and methods
cylinders are bigger in radius. The diameters of all the three
cylinders must be of the same size or the size of diameter In frame of theoretical considerations an equation for com-
of the impression cylinder can be two times bigger than the pression of two rollers (fig. 3) was developed. First, a non-
diameter of the plate or the blanket cylinders. The cylin- linear contact condition was derived for two mutually
ders’ circumference is not closed, because they are provided contacting bodies, which after rejecting very small non-lin-
with an axial recess (the cylinder gap), where the plate is ear elements became a linear contact condition [4]:
fixed (in the plate cylinder) or the blanket is fixed (in the
blanket cylinder) or a sheet of paper is held by grippers dur-
ing the printing process (in the impression cylinder). Ad-
ditionally, the plate cylinder and the blanket cylinder have
on their ends the bearer rings made of hardened steel. The
bearers have a closed circumference. Most of the machines
are in contact while printing.
It is very important to ensure appropriately set contact
between the cylinders and the rollers (fig. 2), because it has
influence on printout errors, increase of energy consump-
tion and faster wear of the machine’s components (e.g.:
bearings, bearer rings). The printout errors like slurring,
banding and too big tone value increase make quality of
printouts worse. Consequently, the elimination of such er-
rors brings about increasing the wear of consumables like Fig 3 Contact of two rollers [5]
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Relationship in between compression of the rollers and contact area width and the clamp force
(1)
where
Fig. 4 The test facility for measuring the contact area width and compression of the rollers
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Results
From literature [5] the formula is known which is derived
using the engineering method consisting in the relationship
between the compression d and the contact area width 2a:
(3)
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Relationship in between compression of the rollers and contact area width and the clamp force
Fig. 7 Dependence of the compression of cylinders’ axes d on Fig. 8 Relationship between the compression of cylinders’
the maximum contact pressure pmax; Continuous line – equa- axes d and the maximum contact pressure pmax for different
tion (7); Dashed line – equation (5) values of Young’s modulus; Curve 1 – E=2 MPa, 2 – E=5
MPa, 3 – E=10 MPa
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References
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