Sei sulla pagina 1di 25

5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually

the entire wiki with video and photo galleries


WikiVisually nd something interesting to watch in seconds

TOP LISTS ·  PICKER Search WikiVisually

click links in text for more info 


CONTEXT INFO

De Alchemia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [wikipedia page]

De Alchemia is an early collection of alchemical writings first published by Johannes Petreius in Nuremberg in 1541. A second edition was published i

The full title reads: De Alchemia. Opuscula complura veterum philosophorum. Among the texts are the important alchemical works the Rosarium P
Pseudo-Geber; and the Tabula Smaragdina of Hermes Trismegistus.

The Rosarium Philosophorum is itself an alchemical collection, taking the form of a (florilegium), or a collection of citations of earlier alchemical authori
includes verses explaining the preparation of the Philosopher's stone accompanied by allegorical illustrations, which depict, for example, the union of t

from the end of the fourteenth or the beginning of the fifteenth century (some even date it to the sixteenth century).[2]

In the 1541 edition, Petraeus called for the printing of further alchemical texts. This started a period of publishing alchemical collections in large numbe
culminating in the Theatrum Chemicum.

Contents

1 Contents of 1541 Edition


2 Contents of 1550 Edition
3 References
4 External links
5 Bibliography

Contents of 1541 Edition


Geber (Pseudo-Geber). De investigatione perfectionis metallorum, Liber I.
Geber. Summæ perfectionis metallorum, sive perfecti magisterij, Libri II.
Geber. De inventione veritatis seu perfectionis metallorum. Liber I.
Geber. De fornacibus construendis. Liber I.
(Roger Bacon). Speculum alchemi, Rogerij Bachonis.
(Richardus Anglicus). Correctorium alchemiæ Richardi Anglici.
Rosarius minor, de alchemia, incerti authoris [3]
(Khalid ibn Yazid). Liber secretorum alchemiæ Calidis filij Iazichi Iudæi.
(Hermes Trimegistus). Tabula smaragdina de alchemia
(Ortulanus). Hortulani philosophi, super Tabulam smaragdinam Hermetis commentarius.

Contents of 1550 Edition

Part 1:

Correctio Fatuorum.
Clangor Buccinæ.
Semita Semitæ.[4]
(Pseudo-Avicenna). De tinctura metallorum.
(Pseudo-Lull). Compendium animæ transmutationis.
Scala Philosophorum.
Opus mulierum, Tractatulus, sive ludus puerorum.
(Pseudo-Lull). De Tincturis compendium, seu Vade Mecum.
(Pseudo-Aristotle). Tractatulus de Practica lapidis Philosophici.

Part 2:

CONTEXT INFO
Rosarium Philosophorum

References

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 1/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually
1. ^ Joachim Telle: Rosarium philosophorum, Verfasserlexikon, Band 8, 1992, Sp. 172-176
2. ^ Alchemy Website, Woodcut from the Rosarium; Universitätsbibliothek Glasgow, Illustrationen aus einer Handschrift der Bibliothek von Ferguson; Joachim Telle, ed. Rosarium philosop
A facsimile of the 1550 edition
3. ^ Nicht mit dem Rosarium Philosophorum identisch. Als von einem unbekannten Autor bezeichnet.
4. ^ Sometimes ascribed to Arnaldus de Villa Nova

External links
De Alchimia Opuscula Complura Veterum Philosophorum vol 1 digitized 2014 from the Bavarian State Library
De Alchimia Opuscula Complura Veterum Philosophorum vol 1 digitized 2007 from the Complutense University of Madrid
De Alchimia Opuscula Complura Veterum Philosophorum vol 1 digitized 2014 from the Lyon Public Library

Bibliography
Ferguson, John. Bibliotheca Chemica, vol. 1. Glasgow, 1906.

Alchemy
Concepts Alkahest · Azoth · Chrysopoeia · Classical planets (Suns) · Elements · Elixir of life · Homunculus · In art and entertainment · Philosopher's stone · Substances · Symbols
Branches Daoist · Hindu · Islamic · Spagyric · Iatrochemistry · Chemistry
Magnum opus Nigredo · Albedo · Citrinitas · Rubedo
Processes Calcination · Ceration · Cohobation · Congelation · Digestion · Distillation · Fermentation · Filtration · Fixation · Multiplication · Projection · Solution · Sublimation
Agastya · Arthur Dee · Cleopatra the Alchemist · Fulcanelli · Ge Hong · Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa · Isaac Newton · Jābir ibn Hayyān · John Dee · Albertus Magnus · Khālid
Alchemists
Roger Bacon · Wei Boyang · Zosimos of Panopolis
Alchemical Studies · Atalanta Fugiens · Aurora consurgens · Baopuzi · Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa · Buch der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit · Cantilenae Intelectuales de Phoenice
Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum · Emerald Tablet · Fasciculus Chemicus · Greek Magical Papyri · Hermetic Definitions · Hermetic Journal · Hermetica · Kitab al-Kimya · Leyd
Works
Picatrix · Psychology and Alchemy · Rosary of the Philosophers · Septimana Philosophica · Splendor Solis · Suspicions about the Hidden Realities of the Air · The Hermetica
Tripus Aureus · Turba Philosophorum · Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits
Category · Portal

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_Alchemia&oldid=767522859"


Categories:
Alchemy

RELATED TOPICS
Cleopatra the Alchemist

Cleopatra the Alchemist who likely lived during the 3rd century, was a Greek-Egyptian alchemist and philosopher. She experimented with practical alchemy but is credi
of the Alembic, a tool for analytic chemistry. The dates of Cleopatra the Alchemists life and death are unknown and she is associated with the school of alchemy typified
is a pseudonym for an author whose real name has been lost. She is not the person as Cleopatra VII, nonetheless she may be referred to as Cleopatra, Queen of Egy
supposedly during the time and are said to have similar styles in their writing. Cleopatra is used as a character within the dialogue of the texts themselves.

Cleopatra was a figure in alchemy, pre-dating Zosimos of Panopolis. Michael Maier names her as one of the four women who knew how to make the stone, along with
She is credited with the invention of the alembic, trying to quantify alchemy and its experiments, Cleopatra worked with weights and measures. Three alchemical texts
to her. Jack Lindsay calls this discourse the most imaginative and deeply felt document left by the alchemist, Εκ των Κλεοπατρας περι μετρων και σταθμων. Κλεο
philosopher alchemist who contemplates his work is compared to a loving mother who thinks about her child and feeds it. Cleopatra is most noted for the Chrysopoeia o

A copy can be found at Leiden University, located in the Netherlands, within the inscription ring is symbols for gold and mercury

Nuremberg

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 2/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually

Nuremberg is a city on the river Pegnitz and the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia, about 1
February 2015, is 517,498, which makes it Germanys fourteenth-largest city. The urban area includes Fürth and Schwabach with a population of 763,854. The Euro
mention of the city in 1050, the location of an Imperial castle between the East Franks and the Bavarian March of the Nordgau. From 1050 to 1571, the city expanded a
the unofficial capital of the Holy Roman Empire, particularly because Imperial Diet and courts met at Nuremberg Castle. The Diets of Nuremberg were an important part

The increasing demand of the court and the increasing importance of the city attracted increased trade. Nuremberg soon became, with Augsburg, one of the two g
desecrated the host, behind the massacre of 1298 was the desire to combine the northern and southern parts of the city, which were divided by the Pegnitz. The Jews
pogrom. They were burned at the stake or expelled, and a marketplace was built over the former Jewish quarter, the plague returned to the city in 1405,1435,1437,14
court worshipped during its stays in Nuremberg. Charles IV conferred upon the city the right to conclude alliances independently, frequent fights took place with the burg

Through these and other acquisitions the city accumulated considerable territory, the Hussite Wars, recurrence of the Black Death in 1437, and the First Margrave Wa
the cultural flowering of Nuremberg, in the 15th and 16th centuries, made it the centre of the German Renaissance. In 1525, Nuremberg accepted the Protestant Refor
was attacked without a declaration of war and was forced into a disadvantageous peace. The state of affairs in the early 16th century, increased trade routes elsewhe
irreparable damage to the city and a near-halving of the population. In 1632, the city, occupied by the forces of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, was besieged by the ar
19th century, when it grew as an industrial centre

Hermes Trismegistus

Hermes Trismegistus is the purported author of the Hermetic Corpus, a series of sacred texts that are the basis of Hermeticism. Hermes Trismegistus may be a represe
and Thoth, the two gods were worshiped as one, in what had been the Temple of Thoth in Khemnu, which the Greeks called Hermopolis. Both Hermes and Thoth we
with Thoth, the Egyptian god of wisdom, to become the patron of astrology and alchemy. In addition, both gods were psychopomps, guiding souls to the afterlife, the
classical and Hellenistic period. This interpretation of poorly-understood Mycenaean material is disputed, since Hermes Trismegistus is not referenced in any of the sou

The majority of Greeks, and Romans, did not accept Hermes Trismegistus in the place of Hermes, the two gods were regarded as distinct. Both of these early referen
Greek and Egyptian gods. In a parallel tradition, Hermetic philosophy rationalized and systematized religious cult practices and this latter tradition has led to the confu
Trismegistus was credited with tens of thousands of highly esteemed writings, platos Timaeus and Critias state that in the temple of Neith at Sais there were secret halls
the Egyptians had forty-two sacred writings by Hermes, the Neo-Platonic writers took up Clements forty-two essential texts. The Hermetica is a category of papyri c
animating them, such as when images are to be fashioned hollow so as to enclose a magic name inscribed on gold leaf.

Fowden asserts that the first datable occurrences of the epithet thrice great are in the Legatio of Athenagoras of Athens and in a fragment from Philo of Byblos, circ
council of the Ibis cult. Hart explains that the epithet is derived from an epithet of Thoth found at the Temple of Esna, Thoth the great, the great, the great. Some author
knowledge from Hermes himself. They believed in a prisca theologia, the doctrine that a single, true theology exists and it was given by God to man in antiquity and p
theologia, Christians appropriated the Hermetic teachings for their own purposes and it was Marsilio Ficino who stated that they called him Trismegistus because he wa

Solution

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 3/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually

In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substanc
interactions that are specific to solvation. The solution assumes the characteristics of the solvent when the solvent is the fraction of the mixture. The concentration of a s
homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The particles of solute in a solution cannot be seen by the naked eye, a solution does not allow beams of light to s
means that the components of the form a single phase. Heterogeneous means that the components of the mixture are of different phase, the properties of the mixture c

Usually, the present in the greatest amount is considered the solvent. Solvents can be gases, liquids or solids, one or more components present in the solution other tha
dissolved under a set of conditions. An example of a solution is air. Since interactions between molecules play almost no role, dilute gases form rather trivial solution
almost all gases, here are some examples, Gas in liquid, Oxygen in water Carbon dioxide in water – a less simple example, because the solution is accompanie
concentrations to form a constant, alcoholic beverages are basically solutions of ethanol in water. Solid in liquid, Sucrose in water Sodium chloride or any other salt in w

Counterexamples are provided by liquid mixtures that are not homogeneous, body fluids are examples for complex liquid solutions, containing many solutes

Distillation

Distillation is a process of separating the component or substances from a liquid mixture by selective evaporation and condensation. Distillation may result in complete
either case the process exploits differences in the volatility of the mixtures components, in industrial chemistry, distillation is a unit operation of practically universal
distillation is a class of operation in obtaining materials from crude oil for fuels. Distillation permits separation of air into its components — notably oxygen, Distillatio
products of commercial value. An installation for distillation, especially of alcohol, is a distillery, the distillation equipment is a still.

Distillation is an old method of artificial desalination. Aristotle wrote about the process in his Meteorologica and even that ordinary wine possesses a kind of exhalatio
been known since at least c,200, when Alexander of Aphrodisias described the process. Work on distilling other liquids continued in early Byzantine Egypt under t
archaeological evidence indicates that actual distillation of beverages began in the Jin and Southern Song dynasties. A still was found in a site in Qinglong, Hebei p
process from the Alexandrians and used it extensively in their chemical experiments. Clear evidence of the distillation of alcohol comes from the School of Salerno in the

In 1500, German alchemist Hieronymus Braunschweig published Liber de arte destillandi the first book dedicated to the subject of distillation. In 1651, John French p
them showing the industrial rather than bench scale of the operation. As alchemy evolved into the science of chemistry, vessels called retorts became used for distillatio
often featured a system around the beak, using cold water for instance. Today, the retorts and pot stills have largely supplanted by more efficient distillation methods in m

Magnum opus (alchemy)

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 4/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually

The Great Work is an alchemical term for the process of working with the prima materia to create the philosophers stone. The magnum opus has been carried forward
was known to Mary the Jewess. After the 15th century, many writers tended to compress citrinitas into rubedo, other color stages are sometimes mentioned, most
attached to it, birds like the raven and phoenix could be used to represent the progression through the colors. Similar color changes could be seen in the laboratory, w
chemical steps to be performed. Though these were arranged in groups of seven or twelve stages, there is little consistency in the names of these processes, their num

Various alchemical documents were directly or indirectly used to justify these stages, the Tabula Smaragdina is the oldest document said to provide a recipe. Others inc
opus is modeled around the alchemical magnum opus, more than simple mention of alchemy within the story, novels like Finnegans Wake follow the process of transm
published out of various universities since 1980, explored these connections in art, John Granger has used the phrase literary alchemy to describe these trends in popu

Johannes Petreius

Johann Petreius was a German printer in Nuremberg. He studied at the University of Basel, receiving the Master of Arts in 1517, two years later, he worked as a proof
1524. After his death the company was run by Gabriel Hayn, about 800 publications by him are known, including works in theology, science and the classics. He
distinguished by its high quality. His most famous work is the edition of Nicolaus Copernicuss De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium in 1543, after an initiative of Georg
in Paris, via Michael Mästlin, the book came to Johannes Kepler, who uncovered Osianders deed. Georg Rithaymer, De orbis terrarum situa compendium, johann Petre

Epistole Euangelii Lectioni vulgari in lingua toschana, Lorenzo Morgiani and Johannes Petri, for Piero Pacini,27 July 1495. Storia di Ottinello e Giulia. Storia di Ottinello

Avicenna

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 5/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually

Avicenna or Ibn Sīnā was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age. Of the 450 works he is
Besides philosophy and medicine, Avicennas corpus includes writings on astronomy, alchemy and geology, Islamic theology, mathematics and poetry. Avicenna is a
grandson of a man named Sina. His full name was Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn Sīnā, Ibn Sina created an extensive corpus of works duri
studied extensively. Under the Samanids, Bukhara rivaled Baghdad as a capital of the Islamic world. The study of the Quran and the Hadith thrived in such a scholarly a

Al-Razi and Al-Farabi had provided methodology and knowledge in medicine and philosophy, Avicenna had access to the great libraries of Balkh, Gorgan, Rey and Ha
describes how before Avicenna left Khwarezm he had met Al-Biruni, Abu Nasr Iraqi, Abu Sahl Masihi and Abu al-Khayr Khammar. Avicenna was born c. 980 in Afsh
mother, named Setareh, was from Bukhara, his father, was a respected Ismaili scholar from Balkh and his father worked in the government of Samanid in the village K
literature in such a way that when he was ten years old he had learned all of them. According to his autobiography, Avicenna had memorised the entire Quran by the a
from a wandering scholar who gained a livelihood by curing the sick and teaching the young.

He studied Fiqh under the Sunni Hanafi scholar Ismail al-Zahid, Avicenna was taught some extent of philosophy books such as Introduction s Porphyry, Euclids Elemen
was troubled by the Metaphysics of Aristotle. For the next year and a half, he studied philosophy, in such moments of baffled inquiry, he would leave his books, perform
would continue his studies, and even in his dreams problems would pursue him and work out their solution

Roger Bacon

In the early modern era, he was regarded as a wizard and particularly famed for the story of his mechanical or necromantic brazen head. He is sometimes credited as o
for its exposition of a universal grammar. However, more recent re-evaluations emphasise that Bacon was essentially a medieval thinker and he was, partially respons
survey of how Bacons work was received over the found that it often reflected the concerns. Bacons major work, the Opus Majus, was sent to Pope Clement IV in Rom
Europe to record its formula. Roger Bacon was born in Ilchester in Somerset, England, in the early 13th century, although his date of birth is sometimes narrowed down

The only source for his date is a statement from his 1267 Opus Tertium that forty years have passed since I first learned the Alphabetum. His family appears to have be
A caustic cleric named Roger Bacon is recorded speaking before the king at Oxford in 1233, in 1237 or some time over the next decade, he accepted an invitation to
colleagues included Robert Kilwardby, Albertus Magnus, and Peter of Spain, the future Pope John XXI. The Cornishman Richard Rufus was a scholarly opponent, in 1
was likely in Oxford c. 1248–51, where he met Adam Marsh. He seems to have studied most of the known Greek and Arabic works on optics, a passage in the Opus Te

Pope Urban IV absolved the king of his oath in 1261 and, after an initial abortive resistance, Bacons own family were considered royal partisans, De Montforts men s
either Paris or Oxford, following the example of scholarly English Franciscans such as Grosseteste and Marsh. After 1260, Bacons activities were restricted by a statute

Aristotle

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 6/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually

Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidice, on the northern periphery of Classical Greece. His father, died when Ar
the age of thirty-seven. Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip II of Macedon, teaching Alexander the Great gave Aristotle many oppo
his hundreds of books and he believed all peoples concepts and all of their knowledge was ultimately based on perception. Aristotles views on natural sciences rep
scholarship. Their influence extended from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages into the Renaissance, some of Aristotles zoological observations, such as on the he

His works contain the earliest known study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic. Aristotle was well known among medieva
with the modern advent of virtue ethics. All aspects of Aristotles philosophy continue to be the object of academic study today. Though Aristotle wrote many elegant tre
output has survived. Aristotle, whose means the best purpose, was born in 384 BC in Stagira, Chalcidice. His father Nicomachus was the physician to King Amyntas of
spent some time within the Macedonian palace, making his first connections with the Macedonian monarchy. At the age of seventeen or eighteen, Aristotle moved to A
in 348/47 BC.

Aristotle accompanied Xenocrates to the court of his friend Hermias of Atarneus in Asia Minor, there, he traveled with Theophrastus to the island of Lesbos, where toge
or niece and she bore him a daughter, whom they named Pythias. Soon after Hermias death, Aristotle was invited by Philip II of Macedon to become the tutor to his so
not only to Alexander

Philosopher's stone

The philosophers stone, or stone of the philosophers is a legendary alchemical substance capable of turning base metals such as mercury into gold or silver. It is abl
philosophers stone was the symbol of the mystical terminology of alchemy, symbolizing perfection at its finest, enlightenment. Efforts to discover the philosophers
Cheirokmeta by Zosimos of Panopolis. Alchemical writers assign a longer history, elias Ashmole and the anonymous author of Gloria Mundi claim that its history goes
through biblical patriarchs, the legend of the stone was compared to the biblical history of the Temple of Solomon and the rejected cornerstone described in Psalm 118.

The theoretical roots outlining the stone’s creation can be traced to Greek philosophy, alchemists used the classical elements, the concept of anima mundi, and Creatio
derived from a source or prima materia. Prima materia is the name alchemists assign to the ingredient for the creation of the philosophers stone. The importance of
writes, the first matter of the stone is the very same with the first matter of all things. The 8th-century Muslim alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan analyzed each classical eleme
moist. He theorized that every metal was a combination of four principles. From this premise, it was reasoned that the transmutation of one metal into another could
which came to be called al-iksir in Arabic.

It is often considered to exist as a dry red powder made from a legendary stone—the philosophers stone, jabirs theory was based on the concept that metals like gold a
Jabir himself is believed to be the inventor of aqua regia, in the 11th century, there was a debate among Muslim world chemists on whether the transmutation of subst
Paracelsus believed in the existence of alkahest, which he thought to be an undiscovered element from which all other elements were simply derivative forms. Parac
Mutus Liber appears to be an instruction manual for concocting a philosophers stone

Related Images From this Article

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 7/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually
Nuremberg [videos]
Nuremberg is the second-largest city of the German federal state of Bavaria after its capital Munich, and its 511,628 inhabitants make it the 14th largest city in …

Defendants in the dock at the Nuremberg trials

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 8/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually
Frankfurt [videos]
Frankfurt is a metropolis and the largest city of the German federal state of Hesse, and its 746,878 inhabitants make it the fifth-largest city of Germany after Berlin, Hambur

Often stereotyped as a financial city, Frankfurt is multifaceted, including the entertainment district at Bahnhofsviertel.

View of Frankfurt am Main, including the Alte Brücke (Old Bridge), by Gustave Courbet (1858)

Theatrum Chemicum [videos]


Theatrum Chemicum is a compendium of early alchemical writings published in six volumes over the course of six decades. The first three volumes were published in 1602

Page One of Theatrum Chemicum Volume I. Published 1602, Oberursel by Lazarus Zetzner. P

CONTEXT INFO
Page One of Theatrum Chemicum Volume III. Originally published 1602, Strasbourg by Lazarus Zetzner.

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 9/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually
Roger Bacon [videos]
Roger Bacon, also known by the scholastic accolade Doctor Mirabilis, was a medieval English philosopher and Franciscan friar who placed considerable emphasis on the s

The memorial to Roger Bacon at St Mary Major, Ilchester

A 19th-century engraving of Bacon observing the stars at Oxford

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 10/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually
Avicenna [videos]
Avicenna was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age. He has been des

Conventional modern portrait (on a silver vase, Avicenna Mausoleum and Museum, Hamadan)

Inside view of the Avicenna Mausoleum, designed by Hooshang Seyhoun in 1945–1950

Aristotle [videos]
Aristotle was a philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, the founder of the Lyceum and the Peripatetic school of philosophy and Aristotelian tradition. Alo

Roman copy in marble of a Greek bronze bust of Aristotle by Lysippos, c. 330 BC, with modern alabaster mantle

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 11/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually

Portrait bust of Aristotle; an Imperial Roman (1st or 2nd century AD) copy of a lost bronze sculpture made by Lysippos Aristo

Alchemy in art and entertainment [videos]


Alchemy has had a long-standing relationship with art, seen both in alchemical texts and in mainstream entertainment. Literary alchemy appears throughout the history of E
magnum …

"David Garrick as Abel Drugger in Jonson's The Alchemist" by Johann Zoffany.

Alchemist Johann Georg Faust inspired the legend of Faust, depicted in novels, plays, and operas.

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 12/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually
Distillation [videos]
Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation. Distillation may result in essentially

Distillation equipment used by the 3rd century alchemist Zosimos of Panopolis, from the Byzantine Greek manuscript Parisinus graces.

Old Ukrainian vodka still

Sublimation (phase transition) [videos]


Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase, without passing through the intermediate liquid phase. Sublimation is an endothermic p
to …

Dark green crystals of nickelocene, sublimed and freshly deposited on a cold finger

Experimental set up for the sublimation reaction of naphthalene Solid naphthalene sublimes and form the crystal-like structure at the bottom of
the watch glass

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 13/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually
Agastya [videos]
Agasthya was a revered Vedic sage of Hinduism. In the Indian tradition, he is a noted recluse and an influential scholar in diverse languages of the Indian subcontinent. He

Agasthya depicted in a statue as a Hindu sage

12th century statue of Agastya from Bihar.

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 14/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually
Alchemy [videos]
Alchemy was an ancient branch of natural philosophy, a philosophical and protoscientific tradition practiced throughout Europe, Africa, and Asia, originating in Greco-Roma

Depiction of Ouroboros from the alchemical treatise Aurora consurgens (15th century), Zentralbibliothek Zürich, Switzerland Ambix, cucurb

Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber), considered the "father of chemistry", introduced a scientific and experimental approach to alchemy.

History of chemistry [videos]


The history of chemistry represents a time span from ancient history to the present. By 1000 BC, civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the
and …

Democritus, Greek philosopher of atomistic school. Seventeenth-century

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 15/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually

"The Alchemist", by Sir William Douglas, 1855

Emerald Tablet [videos]


The Emerald Tablet, also known as the Smaragdine Tablet, or Tabula Smaragdina, is a compact and cryptic piece of the Hermetica reputed to contain the secret of the prim
Hermetic …

An imaginative 17th century depiction of the Emerald Tablet from the work of Heinrich Khunrath, 1606.

Latin text of the Emerald Tablet, from De Alchemia, Chrysogonus Polydorus, Nuremberg 1541

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 16/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually
Elixir of life [videos]
The elixir of life, also known as elixir of immortality and sometimes equated with the philosopher's stone, is a potion that supposedly grants the drinker eternal life and/or ete

The mythological White Hare making the elixir of life on the Moon, from Chinese mythology.

Dell' elixir vitae, 1624

Chinese alchemy [videos]


Chinese alchemy is an ancient Chinese scientific and technological approach to alchemy, a part of the larger tradition of Taoist body-spirit cultivation developed from the tra

Crystals of cinnabar, crystals of barite, crystals of quartz, crystals of calcite : Wanshan Mine, Wanshan District, Tongren Prefecture, Guizhou Chinese woodblock
Province, China, an example of material historically associated with Chinese alchemy

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 17/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually

Chinese woodblock illustration of neidan "Cleansing the heart-mind and retiring into concealment", 1615 Xingming guizhi 性命圭旨 (Pointers on
Spiritual Nature and Bodily Life)

Hermes Trismegistus [videos]


Hermes Trismegistus is the purported author of the Hermetic Corpus, a series of sacred texts that are the basis of Hermeticism. — Origin and identity — Hermes Trismegis

Thoout, Thoth Deux fois Grand, le Second Hermés, N372.2A, Brooklyn Museum

Pages from a 14th-century Arabic manuscript of the Cyranides, a text attributed to Hermes Trismegistus

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 18/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually
Jabir ibn Hayyan [videos]
Abū Mūsā Jābir ibn Hayyān, is the supposed author of an enormous number and variety of works in Arabic often called the Jabirian corpus. The scope of the corpus is vas

The book cover of The Works of Geber book by E J Holmyard and Richard Russell.

Philosopher's stone [videos]


The philosopher's stone, or stone of the philosophers is a legendary alchemical substance capable of turning base metals such as mercury into gold or silver. It is also calle

Philosopher's stone as pictured in Atalanta Fugiens Emblem 21 The first key of Basi

Ramon Llull [videos]


Ramon Llull, T.O.S.F. was a mathematician, polymath, philosopher, logician, Franciscan tertiary and writer from the Kingdom of Majorca. He is credited with writing …

Life of Raymond Lull; 14th-century manuscript

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 19/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually
Homunculus [videos]
A homunculus is a representation of a small human being. Popularized in sixteenth-century alchemy and nineteenth-century fiction, it has historically referred to the creatio

Paracelsus is credited with the first mention of the homunculus in De homunculis (c. 1529–1532), and De natura rerum (1537).

Suns in alchemy [videos]


In alchemic and Hermetic traditions, suns are used to symbolize a variety of concepts, much like the sun in astrology. Suns can correspond to gold, citrinitas, generative ma

A green lion consuming the sun is a common alchemical image and is seen in texts such as the Rosarium philosophorum.

Fermentation [videos]
Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes. In biochemistry, it is narrowly defined as the ext
to …

Fermentation in progress: Bubbles of CO<sub>2</sub> form a froth on top of the fermentation mixture.

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 20/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually
Guglielmo Gratarolo [videos]
Guglielmo Gratarolo or Grataroli or Guilelmus Gratarolus was an Italian doctor and alchemist. — Biography — Gratorolo studied in Padua and Venice. — A Calvinist, Grata

Guglielmo Grataroli. I

Facsimile [videos]
A facsimile is a copy or reproduction of an old book, manuscript, map, art print, or other item of historical value that is as true to the original source as possible. It differs fro

Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry, a famous illuminated manuscript, is on view to both the public and to scholars only in the form of a high-
quality facsimile

Arnaldus de Villa Nova [videos]


Arnaldus de Villa Nova was a physician and a religious reformer. He was also thought to be an alchemist (His house in Montpellier, France, had a carved …

Image: Arnaldus de Villanova CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 21/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually
Azoth [videos]
Azoth was considered to be a universal medication or universal solvent, and was sought for in alchemy. Similar to another alchemical idealized substance, alkahest, azoth
an …

Fourth woodcut illustration from Basil Valentine's Azoth (1613)

Iatrochemistry [videos]
Iatrochemistry is a branch of both chemistry and medicine. Having its roots in alchemy, iatrochemistry seeks to provide chemical solutions to diseases and medical ailments

Frontispiece to Thomas Willis' 1663 book "Diatribae duae medico-philosophicae - quarum prior agit de fermentatione", a treatise on fermentation
as a mysterious key to transformations (from mash to beer or from health to fevers), engraved and published by Gerbrandus Schagen in
Amsterdam

Magnum opus (alchemy) [videos]


The Great Work is an alchemical term for the process of working with the prima materia to create the philosopher's stone. It has been used to describe personal and spiritu

CONTEXT INFO

Colors of the magnum opus seen on the breastplate of a figure from Splendor Solis The Squared Circle:

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 22/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually
Classical element [videos]
Classical elements typically refer to the concepts, rejected by modern science, in ancient Greece of earth, water, air, fire, and aether, which were proposed to explain the na

Segment of the macrocosm showing the elemental spheres of terra (earth), aqua (water), aer (air), and ignis (fire), Robert Fludd, 1617

Alchemical symbol [videos]


Alchemical symbols, originally devised as part of alchemy, were used to denote some elements and some compounds until the 18th century. Although notation like this was
According …

Alchemical symbols in Torbern Bergman's 1775 Dissertation on Elective Affinities

Cleopatra the Alchemist [videos]


Cleopatra the Alchemist who likely lived during the 3rd century A.D. was a Macedonian Egyptian alchemist, author, and philosopher. She experimented with practical alche
to be …

Imaginative depiction of Cleopatra the Alchemist from Mylius' 1618 Basilica philosophica "Seals of the Philosophers".
CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 23/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually
Johannes Petreius [videos]
Johann Petreius was a German printer in Nuremberg. — Life — He studied at the University of Basel, receiving the Master of Arts in 1517. Two years later, he worked as a

Johannes Petreius

Solution [videos]
In chemistry, a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. The term aqueous solution is when one of the solvents is water. In
solution …

Making a saline water solution by dissolving table salt (NaCl) in water. The salt is the solute and the water the solvent.

Alchemy and chemistry in medieval Islam [videos]


Alchemy and chemistry in Islam refers to the study of both traditional alchemy and early practical chemistry by scholars in the medieval Islamic world. The word alchemy w

Ibn Umail describes a statue of a sage holding the tablet of ancient alchemical knowledge. Illustration from a transcript of Muhammed ibn Umail
al-Tamimi's book Al-mâ' al-waraqî (The Silvery Water), Islamic miniature probably from Baghdad, 608H/1211.

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 24/25
5/24/2019 De Alchemia - WikiVisually
Pseudo-Geber [videos]
Pseudo-Geber refers to a corpus of Latin — alchemical writing dated to the late 13th and early 14th centuries, attributed to Geber —, an early alchemist of the Islamic Gold

Geberis philosophi perspicacissimi, summa perfectionis magisterii, 1542

YouTube Videos

CONTEXT INFO

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/De_Alchemia 25/25

Potrebbero piacerti anche