Student’name:………………………………….

Date: 11/04/2019
Teachers: Ms.Angela – Ms.Charlotte Class: PET 1.2

MODAL VERBS
The modal verbs are: can, could, must, will, would, shall, may, should, ought to, etc.
- They have the same form in all persons.
- They come before the subjects in questions and take „not‟ after them in negations.
- They take the infinitive without „to‟ after them, except for „ought to‟.

Certain verbs or expressions have almost the same meaning as modals. These are: need (= must),
had better (= should), have to/have got to (= must), be able to (= can), used to (= would), etc.

1. Can – Could:
Can is used to express ability in the present (= I‟m able to) or ask for permission (= Is it OK if…?).
Could is used to express ability in the past (= I was able to), polite requests or to ask for permission
politely (= Would it be alright if…?) Ex: He could run fast when he was 17.

2. Must – Mustn‟t:
- Must is used to express necessity (=it is necessary to) or obligation ( = I‟m obliged to)
- We use must not/mustn‟t to show that something is forbidden or is not allowed.
Note: In the past, “must” is often changed into “had to”, “mustn‟t” is “wasn‟t/weren‟t allowed to”
- Must is used to express logical assumption. Then the negative forms will be “can‟t”, “couldn‟t”
She must be working. (90% certain - positive; I'm sure she's working.)
3. Have to – Don‟t/Doesn‟t have to:
We use have to to express necessity (= It is necessary to). We cannot choose to do something else.
We use don‟t/doesn‟t have to to express the lack of necessity (= It is not necessary to)

4. Shall – Will – Would:

Shall is used with „I‟ or „We‟ in questions, suggestions or offers. (Shall I give you a hand?)
Will is used to express predictions, warnings, offers, promises, threats, requests, suggestions, on-
the-spot decisions, opinions, hopes and fears. Ex: Try harder or you will fail your exam.
Would is used to express polite or formal requests. Ex: Would you carry my suitcase?

5. Should/shouldn‟t – Ought to/oughtn‟t to:

Should/Ought to (= It is a good idea) / Shouldn‟t/Oughtn‟t to (=It is not a good idea) are used to
offer advice. Ex: You should stay at home and rest.

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Class: PET 1.2 Date: 11/04/2019

6. Could/May/Might:
Could/May/Might are used to show that something is possible.
Note: “Might” is often used in the past, “May” is often used in the present. However, the two
words are generally interchangeable. “Could” is often used in the past.
There are clouds in the sky. It could/may/might rain.
Could/May/Might are also used to ask for permission politely.
Could/May/Might I use your dictionary?

7. Needn‟t/Don‟t need to – Need to:

- Needn't/Don't need to: give permission to someone not to do something in the immediate future
You needn't/don’t need to water the garden this evening. It's going to rain tonight.
- When we are talking about general necessity, we normally use need to for the affirmative and
don't need to for the negative sentences:
You don't need to pay for medical care in National Health Service hospitals.
- As a modal verb, „need‟ is always used in negative sentences and sometimes in questions:
Need I say more? I would like you to stay.

8. Expressions similar to Modal Verbs:

- Be supposed to + V = 'should/ought to' but it expresses the idea that someone else expects
something to be done. Ex: I’m supposed to attend the seminar.
- Be to + V = 'must' but it expresses the idea that someone else demands something.
I am to get to the airport before 9.00.
- Be supposed to & Be to are used to express what someone expects about a previously arranged
event. Ex: The conference is supposed to/is to start tomorrow. (It is scheduled.)
- Be likely to = 'may' (possibility). Use in questions instead of 'may'. We use: Is he likely to ... ?, Is
it likely that he ... ?, Can he ... ?, Could he ... ?, Might he ... ?
- Would you mind is used to express polite, formal requests.(Would you mind lending me a hand?)
- Let's.../How about...?/Why don't we...?/What about...? are used to make suggestions.
- Would you like to/Would you like me to...? (= Shall I...?) are used when we offer to do sth.
- Be allowed to is used to express permission, to say what the rule is.

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Class: PET 1.2 Date: 11/04/2019

HOMEWORK
Total: 94 marks
1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate modal auxiliary verbs.
1. My grandmother is eighty-five, but she 7. I ………………. get you a shawl from
……………… still read and write without Kashmir. (Promise)
glasses. a) Will
a) Can b) Would
b) Could c) Can
c) May d) May
2. …………….. I come with you? 8. It is snowing outside so I …………… stay at
a) Can home.
b) Will a) May
c) Would b) Will
c) Can
3. ………………. you help me with the 9. …………….. you mind if I borrowed your
housework, please? car?
a) Could a) Will
b) Will b) Would
c) Should c) Should
4. There was a time when I ………….. stay up 10. ……………. you take care of my dog for a
very late. day?
a) Would a) Will
b) Could b) Shall
c) Can c) Should
5. You …………….. not lose any more weight. 11. Our country ………………. become a super
You are already slim. power by 2025.
a) May a) May
b) Need b) Might
c) Should c) Will
d) Should
6. We …………… make the first move. 12. She …………… sell her home because she
(Prohibition) needs money.
a) Must not a) Can
b) Will not b) Might
c) Cannot c) Could

2. Circle the correct item:

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Class: PET 1.2 Date: 11/04/2019

4. Read the conversation and choose the best answer. Write a letter A – F for each
answer. There are two extra answers you don’t need to use.

5. Choose the most appropriate response:

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Class: PET 1.2 Date: 11/04/2019

8. Complete the sentences using the words in bold, as in the example:

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Class: PET 1.2 Date: 11/04/2019

9. Underline the correct model verb:

10. What did these people say? Use a different expression in each question:

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Class: PET 1.2 Date: 11/04/2019

11. Rewrite these sentences using a model verb – can, can‟t, must or might. It is not
possible to change one of the sentences.

XII.

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Class: PET 1.2
NEW WORDS:
Necessity (n): sự cần thiết, nhu yếu phẩm
Definitely (adv): chắc chắn
Plumber (n): thợ sửa ống nước
Overalls (n): áo liền quần
Personnel department (n): phòng nhân sự
On top of that (conj.): bên cạnh đó
Lecture (n,v): bài giảng, giảng giải
Tiếng Anh cô Angela Thủy
Date: 11/04/2019
shawl (n): khăn choàng (quấn vai,…)
rush hour (n): giờ cao điểm
appointment (n): cuộc hẹn, cuộc gặp
clock (v): bấm giờ, ghi giờ
insist (v): khăng khăng, cố chấp
suppose (v): cho rằng
refreshments (n): nước giải khát
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Class: PET 1.2 Date: 11/04/2019

I. 1. a 2.a 3.a 4.b 5.b 6.a 7.a 8.b 9.b

10.a 11.a 12.b
II. 2. Don‟t have to 3. Mustnt 4. Could 5. Have to
6. will 7. Can 8. Would
III. IV.
2. F 3. D 4. C

V.

9.

8.

X. XI.

XII.

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