Mathematical Modify model

Prediction Compare/Interpret Data

3.5 Standard Operations Research Models

Operations Research practice over the years has led to the identification of
problems that recur in diverse situations. Ways of representing (modelling) them
have been developed and techniques for solving them also developed. These
problem types are called prototypes. While models for representing them bear
specific names and so also are the techniques for solving them.

The table below summarizes the common prototypes, their nature, model and
techniques for handling them.

Major prototypes and common techniques available for solving them.

Nature Common Solution Technique

Prototype

Allocation and its How best to allocate limited resources 1. Mathematical programming
extensions e.g. to activities e.g. Linear programming,
Transportation integer programming, goal
programming.
2. Specific techniques e.g.
Transportation Techniques,
Assignment Techniques.
Inventory Determining optimal order quantity in 1. Inventory theory techniques
a situation requiring purchase to store e.g. the (EOQ) method.
pending usage 2. Simulation.

Waiting lines What best level of facilities will 1. Queuing theory

minimize cost of queues, or what 2. Simulation
order of service will do so

Coordination and How best to manage pre-set 1. Network techniques e.g.

sequencing of jobs or activities e.g. CPM and PERT .
Extension 2. Line balancing techniques.
comprising a projector an assembly
line

Replacement; Maintenance of operating units 1. Replacement techniques

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including general through replacement and/or servicing 2. Maintenance techniques
maintenance 3. Simulation
4. Manpower management
models
Competition What strategy is best to adopt in a 1. Game theory
conflict e.g. competitive situation 2. Hyper games
3. Meta games

4.0. CONCLUSION

Mathematical Model are the most used operations research model, they help to simplify
complex situation for ease of understanding and evolving solution to problems.

5.0. SUMMARY

* Models help to simplify complex situation for ease of

understanding and evolving solution to problems.

* The component of an operations research model are variable and

Parameter.

* Mathematical Model are the widely use operations research model

6.0. TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT

1. (a) Explain the term models in operations research

(b) Enumerate the types of models used in operations research.

2. In a particular one product company, it has been noted that the value

of sales per day is given by the expression : #1000  sellingpriceperunitin# If

daily fixed cost amount to #1000

and the variable cost per unit is #2, then, prepare a profit model

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